Support scan-keys command to scan the key space starting a specific revision

Signed-off-by: Benjamin Wang <benjamin.ahrtr@gmail.com>

tools/etcd-dump-db/README.md

@@ -102,3 +102,13 @@ key="\x00\x00\x00\x00\x005@x_\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\tt", value="\n\x153640
 key="\x00\x00\x00\x00\x005@x_\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\bt", value="\n\x153640412599896088633_8"
 key="\x00\x00\x00\x00\x005@x_\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\at", value="\n\x153640412599896088633_7"
 ```
+
+#### scan-keys [data dir or db file path]
+
+Scans all the key-value pairs starting from a specific revision in the key space. It works even the db is corrupted.
+
+```
+$ ./etcd-dump-db scan-keys ~/tmp/etcd/778/db.db 16589739 2>/dev/null | grep "/registry/configmaps/istio-system/istio-namespace-controller-election"
+pageID=1306, index=5/5, rev={Revision:{Main:16589739 Sub:0} tombstone:false}, value=[key "/registry/configmaps/istio-system/istio-namespace-controller-election" | val "k8s\x00\n\x0f\n\x02v1\x12\tConfigMap\x12\xeb\x03\n\xe8\x03\n#istio-namespace-controller-election\x12\x00\x1a\fistio-system\"\x00*$bb696087-260d-4167-bf06-17d3361f9b5f2\x008\x00B\b\b\x9e\xbe\xed\xb5\x06\x10\x00b\xe6\x01\n(control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader\x12\xb9\x01{\"holderIdentity\":\"istiod-d56968787-txq2d\",\"holderKey\":\"default\",\"leaseDurationSeconds\":30,\"acquireTime\":\"2024-08-13T13:26:54Z\",\"renewTime\":\"2024-08-27T06:16:13Z\",\"leaderTransitions\":0}\x8a\x01\x90\x01\n\x0fpilot-discovery\x12\x06Update\x1a\x02v1\"\b\b\xad\u07b5\xb6\x06\x10\x002\bFieldsV1:[\nY{\"f:metadata\":{\"f:annotations\":{\".\":{},\"f:control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader\":{}}}}B\x00\x1a\x00\"\x00" | created 9612546 | mod 16589739 | ver 157604]
+pageID=4737, index=4/4, rev={Revision:{Main:16589786 Sub:0} tombstone:false}, value=[key "/registry/configmaps/istio-system/istio-namespace-controller-election" | val "k8s\x00\n\x0f\n\x02v1\x12\tConfigMap\x12\xeb\x03\n\xe8\x03\n#istio-namespace-controller-election\x12\x00\x1a\fistio-system\"\x00*$bb696087-260d-4167-bf06-17d3361f9b5f2\x008\x00B\b\b\x9e\xbe\xed\xb5\x06\x10\x00b\xe6\x01\n(control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader\x12\xb9\x01{\"holderIdentity\":\"istiod-d56968787-txq2d\",\"holderKey\":\"default\",\"leaseDurationSeconds\":30,\"acquireTime\":\"2024-08-13T13:26:54Z\",\"renewTime\":\"2024-08-27T06:16:21Z\",\"leaderTransitions\":0}\x8a\x01\x90\x01\n\x0fpilot-discovery\x12\x06Update\x1a\x02v1\"\b\b\xb5\u07b5\xb6\x06\x10\x002\bFieldsV1:[\nY{\"f:metadata\":{\"f:annotations\":{\".\":{},\"f:control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader\":{}}}}B\x00\x1a\x00\"\x00" | created 9612546 | mod 16589786 | ver 157605]
+```

tools/etcd-dump-db/main.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -40,6 +41,11 @@ var (
 		Short: "iterate-bucket lists key-value pairs in reverse order.",
 		Run:   iterateBucketCommandFunc,
 	}
+	scanKeySpaceCommand = &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "scan-keys [data dir or db file path] [start revision]",
+		Short: "scan-keys scans all the key-value pairs starting from a specific revision in the key space.",
+		Run:   scanKeysCommandFunc,
+	}
 	getHashCommand = &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "hash [data dir or db file path]",
 		Short: "hash computes the hash of db file.",
@@ -58,6 +64,7 @@ func init() {
 
 	rootCommand.AddCommand(listBucketCommand)
 	rootCommand.AddCommand(iterateBucketCommand)
+	rootCommand.AddCommand(scanKeySpaceCommand)
 	rootCommand.AddCommand(getHashCommand)
 }
 
@@ -107,6 +114,27 @@ func iterateBucketCommandFunc(_ *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	}
 }
 
+func scanKeysCommandFunc(_ *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+	if len(args) != 2 {
+		log.Fatalf("Must provide 2 arguments (got %v)", args)
+	}
+	dp := args[0]
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(dp, "db") {
+		dp = filepath.Join(snapDir(dp), "db")
+	}
+	if !existFileOrDir(dp) {
+		log.Fatalf("%q does not exist", dp)
+	}
+	startRev, err := strconv.ParseInt(args[1], 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err = scanKeys(dp, startRev)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
 func getHashCommandFunc(_ *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	if len(args) < 1 {
 		log.Fatalf("Must provide at least 1 argument (got %v)", args)

tools/etcd-dump-db/meta.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The etcd Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package main
+
+import "unsafe"
+
+const magic uint32 = 0xED0CDAED
+
+type inBucket struct {
+	root     uint64 // page id of the bucket's root-level page
+	sequence uint64 // monotonically incrementing, used by NextSequence()
+}
+
+type meta struct {
+	magic    uint32
+	version  uint32
+	pageSize uint32
+	flags    uint32
+	root     inBucket
+	freelist uint64
+	pgid     uint64
+	txid     uint64
+	checksum uint64
+}
+
+func loadPageMeta(buf []byte) *meta {
+	return (*meta)(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[pageHeaderSize]))
+}

tools/etcd-dump-db/page.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The etcd Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package main
+
+import "unsafe"
+
+const pageHeaderSize = unsafe.Sizeof(page{})
+const leafPageElementSize = unsafe.Sizeof(leafPageElement{})
+const pageMaxAllocSize = 0xFFFFFFF
+
+const (
+	leafPageFlag = 0x02
+)
+
+type page struct {
+	id       uint64
+	flags    uint16
+	count    uint16
+	overflow uint32
+}
+
+func (p *page) isLeafPage() bool {
+	return p.flags == leafPageFlag
+}
+
+func loadPage(buf []byte) *page {
+	return (*page)(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0]))
+}
+
+// leafPageElement retrieves the leaf node by index
+func (p *page) leafPageElement(index uint16) *leafPageElement {
+	return (*leafPageElement)(unsafeIndex(unsafe.Pointer(p), unsafe.Sizeof(*p),
+		leafPageElementSize, int(index)))
+}
+
+// leafPageElement represents a node on a leaf page.
+type leafPageElement struct {
+	flags uint32
+	pos   uint32
+	ksize uint32
+	vsize uint32
+}
+
+// Key returns a byte slice of the node key.
+func (n *leafPageElement) key() []byte {
+	i := int(n.pos)
+	j := i + int(n.ksize)
+	return unsafeByteSlice(unsafe.Pointer(n), 0, i, j)
+}
+
+// Value returns a byte slice of the node value.
+func (n *leafPageElement) value() []byte {
+	i := int(n.pos) + int(n.ksize)
+	j := i + int(n.vsize)
+	return unsafeByteSlice(unsafe.Pointer(n), 0, i, j)
+}

tools/etcd-dump-db/scan.go

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The etcd Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/storage/mvcc"
+)
+
+func scanKeys(dbPath string, startRev int64) error {
+	pgSize, hwm, err := readPageAndHWMSize(dbPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read page and HWM size: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	for pageID := uint64(2); pageID < hwm; {
+		p, _, err := readPage(dbPath, pgSize, pageID)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Reading page %d failed: %v. Continuting...\n", pageID, err)
+			pageID++
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if !p.isLeafPage() {
+			pageID++
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for i := uint16(0); i < p.count; i++ {
+			e := p.leafPageElement(i)
+
+			rev, err := bytesToBucketKey(e.key())
+			if err != nil {
+				if exceptionCheck(e.key()) {
+					break
+				}
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Decoding revision failed, pageID: %d, index: %d, key: %x, error: %v\n", pageID, i, string(e.key()), err)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if startRev != 0 && rev.Main < startRev {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			fmt.Printf("pageID=%d, index=%d/%d, ", pageID, i, p.count-1)
+			keyDecoder(e.key(), e.value())
+		}
+
+		pageID += uint64(p.overflow) + 1
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func bytesToBucketKey(key []byte) (rev mvcc.BucketKey, err error) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("BytesToBucketKey failed: %v", r)
+		}
+	}()
+	rev = mvcc.BytesToBucketKey(key)
+	return rev, err
+}
+
+func readPageAndHWMSize(dbPath string) (uint64, uint64, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(dbPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	// read 4KB chunk
+	buf := make([]byte, 4096)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(f, buf); err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, err
+	}
+
+	m := loadPageMeta(buf)
+	if m.magic != magic {
+		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("the Meta Page has wrong (unexpected) magic")
+	}
+
+	return uint64(m.pageSize), m.pgid, nil
+}
+
+func readPage(dbPath string, pageSize uint64, pageID uint64) (*page, []byte, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(dbPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	buf := make([]byte, pageSize)
+	if _, err := f.ReadAt(buf, int64(pageID*pageSize)); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	p := loadPage(buf)
+	if p.id != pageID {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected page id: %d, wanted: %d", p.id, pageID)
+	}
+
+	if p.overflow == 0 {
+		return p, buf, nil
+	}
+
+	buf = make([]byte, (uint64(p.overflow)+1)*pageSize)
+	if _, err := f.ReadAt(buf, int64(pageID*pageSize)); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	p = loadPage(buf)
+	if p.id != pageID {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected page id: %d, wanted: %d", p.id, pageID)
+	}
+
+	return p, buf, nil
+}
+
+func exceptionCheck(key []byte) bool {
+	whiteKeyList := map[string]struct{}{
+		"alarm":           {},
+		"auth":            {},
+		"authRoles":       {},
+		"authUsers":       {},
+		"cluster":         {},
+		"key":             {},
+		"lease":           {},
+		"members":         {},
+		"members_removed": {},
+		"meta":            {},
+	}
+
+	_, ok := whiteKeyList[string(key)]
+	return ok
+}

tools/etcd-dump-db/utils.go

@@ -14,9 +14,34 @@
 
 package main
 
-import "os"
+import (
+	"os"
+	"unsafe"
+)
 
 func existFileOrDir(name string) bool {
 	_, err := os.Stat(name)
 	return err == nil
 }
+
+func unsafeAdd(base unsafe.Pointer, offset uintptr) unsafe.Pointer {
+	return unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(base) + offset)
+}
+
+func unsafeIndex(base unsafe.Pointer, offset uintptr, elemsz uintptr, n int) unsafe.Pointer {
+	return unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(base) + offset + uintptr(n)*elemsz)
+}
+
+func unsafeByteSlice(base unsafe.Pointer, offset uintptr, i, j int) []byte {
+	// See: https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/cgo#turning-c-arrays-into-go-slices
+	//
+	// This memory is not allocated from C, but it is unmanaged by Go's
+	// garbage collector and should behave similarly, and the compiler
+	// should produce similar code.  Note that this conversion allows a
+	// subslice to begin after the base address, with an optional offset,
+	// while the URL above does not cover this case and only slices from
+	// index 0.  However, the wiki never says that the address must be to
+	// the beginning of a C allocation (or even that malloc was used at
+	// all), so this is believed to be correct.
+	return (*[pageMaxAllocSize]byte)(unsafeAdd(base, offset))[i:j:j]
+}