In preperation for adding the ability to join a machine to an existing
cluster force the user to specify whether they expect this to me a new
cluster or an active one.
The error for not specifying the initial-cluster-state is:
```
etcd: initial cluster state unset and no wal found
```
The usage of removed:
1. tell removed node about its removal explicitly using msgDenied
2. prevent removed node disrupt cluster progress by launching leader election
It is set when apply node removal, or receive msgDenied.
This introduces two new concepts: the cluster and the member.
Members are logical etcd instances that have a name, raft ID, and a list
of peer and client addresses.
A cluster is made up of a list of members.
golang's concept of "zero" time does not align with the zero value of
a unix timestamp. Initializing time.Time with a unix timestamp of 0
makes time.Time.IsZero fail. Solve this by initializing time.Time only
if we care about the time.
This changes etcdserver.Server to an interface, with the former Server
(now "EtcdServer") becoming the canonical/production implementation.
This will facilitate better testing of the http server et al with mock
implementations of the interface.
It also more clearly defines the boundary for users of the Server.
