hash: provide per-algorithm null OIDs

Up until recently, object IDs did not have an algorithm member, only a
hash.  Consequently, it was possible to share one null (all-zeros)
object ID among all hash algorithms.  Now that we're going to be
handling objects from multiple hash algorithms, it's important to make
sure that all object IDs have a correct algorithm field.

Introduce a per-algorithm null OID, and add it to struct hash_algo.
Introduce a wrapper function as well, and use it everywhere we used to
use the null_oid constant.

Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

grep.c

@@ -1494,7 +1494,7 @@ static int fill_textconv_grep(struct repository *r,
 		fill_filespec(df, gs->identifier, 1, 0100644);
 		break;
 	case GREP_SOURCE_FILE:
-		fill_filespec(df, &null_oid, 0, 0100644);
+		fill_filespec(df, null_oid(), 0, 0100644);
 		break;
 	default:
 		BUG("attempt to textconv something without a path?");