Merge branch 'jc/push-reject-reasons'

Improve error and advice messages given locally when "git push"
refuses when it cannot compute fast-forwardness by separating these
cases from the normal "not a fast-forward; merge first and push
again" case.

* jc/push-reject-reasons:
  push: finishing touches to explain REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS better
  push: introduce REJECT_FETCH_FIRST and REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE
  push: further simplify the logic to assign rejection reason
  push: further clean up fields of "struct ref"

Documentation/config.txt

@@ -143,7 +143,8 @@ advice.*::
 	pushUpdateRejected::
 		Set this variable to 'false' if you want to disable
 		'pushNonFFCurrent', 'pushNonFFDefault',
-		'pushNonFFMatching', and 'pushAlreadyExists'
+		'pushNonFFMatching', 'pushAlreadyExists',
+		'pushFetchFirst', and 'pushNeedsForce'
 		simultaneously.
 	pushNonFFCurrent::
 		Advice shown when linkgit:git-push[1] fails due to a
@@ -162,6 +163,15 @@ advice.*::
 	pushAlreadyExists::
 		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
 		does not qualify for fast-forwarding (e.g., a tag.)
+	pushFetchFirst::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		tries to overwrite a remote ref that points at an
+		object we do not have.
+	pushNeedsForce::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		tries to overwrite a remote ref that points at an
+		object that is not a committish, or make the remote
+		ref point at an object that is not a committish.
 	statusHints::
 		Show directions on how to proceed from the current
 		state in the output of linkgit:git-status[1], in

advice.c

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ int advice_push_non_ff_current = 1;
 int advice_push_non_ff_default = 1;
 int advice_push_non_ff_matching = 1;
 int advice_push_already_exists = 1;
+int advice_push_fetch_first = 1;
+int advice_push_needs_force = 1;
 int advice_status_hints = 1;
 int advice_commit_before_merge = 1;
 int advice_resolve_conflict = 1;
@@ -20,6 +22,8 @@ static struct {
 	{ "pushnonffdefault", &advice_push_non_ff_default },
 	{ "pushnonffmatching", &advice_push_non_ff_matching },
 	{ "pushalreadyexists", &advice_push_already_exists },
+	{ "pushfetchfirst", &advice_push_fetch_first },
+	{ "pushneedsforce", &advice_push_needs_force },
 	{ "statushints", &advice_status_hints },
 	{ "commitbeforemerge", &advice_commit_before_merge },
 	{ "resolveconflict", &advice_resolve_conflict },

advice.h

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ extern int advice_push_non_ff_current;
 extern int advice_push_non_ff_default;
 extern int advice_push_non_ff_matching;
 extern int advice_push_already_exists;
+extern int advice_push_fetch_first;
+extern int advice_push_needs_force;
 extern int advice_status_hints;
 extern int advice_commit_before_merge;
 extern int advice_resolve_conflict;

builtin/push.c

@@ -220,9 +220,20 @@ static const char message_advice_checkout_pull_push[] =
 	   "(e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
 	   "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.");
 
+static const char message_advice_ref_fetch_first[] =
+	N_("Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+	   "not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+	   "to the same ref. You may want to first merge the remote changes (e.g.,\n"
+	   "'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+	   "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.");
+
 static const char message_advice_ref_already_exists[] =
-	N_("Updates were rejected because the destination reference already exists\n"
+	N_("Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote.");
-	   "in the remote.");
+
+static const char message_advice_ref_needs_force[] =
+	N_("You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+	   "or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+	   "without using the '--force' option.\n");
 
 static void advise_pull_before_push(void)
 {
@@ -252,6 +263,20 @@ static void advise_ref_already_exists(void)
 	advise(_(message_advice_ref_already_exists));
 }
 
+static void advise_ref_fetch_first(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_fetch_first || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_ref_fetch_first));
+}
+
+static void advise_ref_needs_force(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_needs_force || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_ref_needs_force));
+}
+
 static int push_with_options(struct transport *transport, int flags)
 {
 	int err;
@@ -285,6 +310,10 @@ static int push_with_options(struct transport *transport, int flags)
 			advise_checkout_pull_push();
 	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
 		advise_ref_already_exists();
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_FETCH_FIRST) {
+		advise_ref_fetch_first();
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE) {
+		advise_ref_needs_force();
 	}
 
 	return 1;

builtin/send-pack.c

@@ -44,6 +44,16 @@ static void print_helper_status(struct ref *ref)
 			msg = "non-fast forward";
 			break;
 
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "fetch first";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "needs force";
+			break;
+
 		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
 			res = "error";
 			msg = "already exists";

cache.h

@@ -1015,10 +1015,8 @@ struct ref {
 	char *symref;
 	unsigned int
 		force:1,
-		requires_force:1,
+		forced_update:1,
 		merge:1,
-		nonfastforward:1,
-		update:1,
 		deletion:1;
 	enum {
 		REF_STATUS_NONE = 0,
@@ -1026,6 +1024,8 @@ struct ref {
 		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD,
 		REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS,
 		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE,
 		REF_STATUS_UPTODATE,
 		REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT,
 		REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT

remote.c

@@ -1317,28 +1317,23 @@ void set_ref_status_for_push(struct ref *remote_refs, int send_mirror,
 		 *     passing the --force argument
 		 */
 
-		ref->update =
+		if (!ref->deletion && !is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1)) {
-			!ref->deletion &&
+			int why = 0; /* why would this push require --force? */
-			!is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1);
 
-		if (ref->update) {
+			if (!prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
-			ref->nonfastforward =
+				why = REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
-				!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1)
+			else if (!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1))
-				  || !ref_newer(ref->new_sha1, ref->old_sha1);
+				why = REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+			else if (!lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->old_sha1, 1) ||
+				 !lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->new_sha1, 1))
+				why = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
+			else if (!ref_newer(ref->new_sha1, ref->old_sha1))
+				why = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD;
 
-			if (!prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/")) {
+			if (!force_ref_update)
-				ref->requires_force = 1;
+				ref->status = why;
-				if (!force_ref_update) {
+			else if (why)
-					ref->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+				ref->forced_update = 1;
-					continue;
-				}
-			} else if (ref->nonfastforward) {
-				ref->requires_force = 1;
-				if (!force_ref_update) {
-					ref->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD;
-					continue;
-				}
-			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1532,7 +1527,8 @@ int ref_newer(const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1)
 	struct commit_list *list, *used;
 	int found = 0;
 
-	/* Both new and old must be commit-ish and new is descendant of
+	/*
+	 * Both new and old must be commit-ish and new is descendant of
 	 * old.  Otherwise we require --force.
 	 */
 	o = deref_tag(parse_object(old_sha1), NULL, 0);

send-pack.c

@@ -230,6 +230,8 @@ int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
 		switch (ref->status) {
 		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
 		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
 		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
 			continue;
 		default:

transport-helper.c

@@ -666,6 +666,16 @@ static void push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
 			free(msg);
 			msg = NULL;
 		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "fetch first")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "needs force")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (*ref)

transport.c

@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ static void print_ok_ref_status(struct ref *ref, int porcelain)
 		const char *msg;
 
 		strcpy(quickref, status_abbrev(ref->old_sha1));
-		if (ref->requires_force) {
+		if (ref->forced_update) {
 			strcat(quickref, "...");
 			type = '+';
 			msg = "forced update";
@@ -699,6 +699,14 @@ static int print_one_push_status(struct ref *ref, const char *dest, int count, i
 		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
 						 "already exists", porcelain);
 		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "fetch first", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "needs force", porcelain);
+		break;
 	case REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT:
 		print_ref_status('!', "[remote rejected]", ref,
 						 ref->deletion ? NULL : ref->peer_ref,
@@ -750,6 +758,10 @@ void transport_print_push_status(const char *dest, struct ref *refs,
 				*reject_reasons |= REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER;
 		} else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
 			*reject_reasons |= REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+		} else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST) {
+			*reject_reasons |= REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+		} else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE) {
+			*reject_reasons |= REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
 		}
 	}
 }

transport.h

@@ -144,6 +144,8 @@ void transport_set_verbosity(struct transport *transport, int verbosity,
 #define REJECT_NON_FF_HEAD     0x01
 #define REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER    0x02
 #define REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS  0x04
+#define REJECT_FETCH_FIRST     0x08
+#define REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE     0x10
 
 int transport_push(struct transport *connection,
 		   int refspec_nr, const char **refspec, int flags,