diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit-graph.txt b/Documentation/git-commit-graph.txt
index 8ca1764d3d..17405c73a9 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit-graph.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit-graph.txt
@@ -62,7 +62,10 @@ existing commit-graph file.
 With the `--changed-paths` option, compute and write information about the
 paths changed between a commit and its first parent. This operation can
 take a while on large repositories. It provides significant performance gains
-for getting history of a directory or a file with `git log -- <path>`.
+for getting history of a directory or a file with `git log -- <path>`. If
+this option is given, future commit-graph writes will automatically assume
+that this option was intended. Use `--no-changed-paths` to stop storing this
+data.
 +
 With the `--split[=<strategy>]` option, write the commit-graph as a
 chain of multiple commit-graph files stored in
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt
index 1beef17182..440541045d 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ the body into "chunks" and provide a binary lookup table at the beginning
 of the body. The header includes certain values, such as number of chunks
 and hash type.
 
-All 4-byte numbers are in network order.
+All multi-byte numbers are in network byte order.
 
 HEADER:
 
diff --git a/bloom.c b/bloom.c
index 6a7f2f2bdc..d43f676e09 100644
--- a/bloom.c
+++ b/bloom.c
@@ -259,6 +259,10 @@ struct bloom_filter *get_bloom_filter(struct repository *r,
 		}
 
 		filter->len = (hashmap_get_size(&pathmap) * settings.bits_per_entry + BITS_PER_WORD - 1) / BITS_PER_WORD;
+
+		if (filter->len && filter->len < 8)
+			filter->len = 8;
+
 		filter->data = xcalloc(filter->len, sizeof(unsigned char));
 
 		hashmap_for_each_entry(&pathmap, &iter, e, entry) {
diff --git a/builtin/commit-graph.c b/builtin/commit-graph.c
index f6797e2a9f..ca5e7b4c67 100644
--- a/builtin/commit-graph.c
+++ b/builtin/commit-graph.c
@@ -201,6 +201,7 @@ static int graph_write(int argc, const char **argv)
 	};
 
 	opts.progress = isatty(2);
+	opts.enable_changed_paths = -1;
 	split_opts.size_multiple = 2;
 	split_opts.max_commits = 0;
 	split_opts.expire_time = 0;
@@ -221,7 +222,9 @@ static int graph_write(int argc, const char **argv)
 		flags |= COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_SPLIT;
 	if (opts.progress)
 		flags |= COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_PROGRESS;
-	if (opts.enable_changed_paths ||
+	if (!opts.enable_changed_paths)
+		flags |= COMMIT_GRAPH_NO_WRITE_BLOOM_FILTERS;
+	if (opts.enable_changed_paths == 1 ||
 	    git_env_bool(GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_CHANGED_PATHS, 0))
 		flags |= COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_BLOOM_FILTERS;
 
diff --git a/commit-graph.c b/commit-graph.c
index fdd1c4fa7c..bc73b3c918 100644
--- a/commit-graph.c
+++ b/commit-graph.c
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "config.h"
-#include "dir.h"
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "config.h"
 #include "lockfile.h"
 #include "pack.h"
 #include "packfile.h"
@@ -284,8 +282,7 @@ struct commit_graph *parse_commit_graph(void *graph_map, size_t graph_size)
 	const unsigned char *data, *chunk_lookup;
 	uint32_t i;
 	struct commit_graph *graph;
-	uint64_t last_chunk_offset;
-	uint32_t last_chunk_id;
+	uint64_t next_chunk_offset;
 	uint32_t graph_signature;
 	unsigned char graph_version, hash_version;
 
@@ -325,24 +322,26 @@ struct commit_graph *parse_commit_graph(void *graph_map, size_t graph_size)
 	graph->data = graph_map;
 	graph->data_len = graph_size;
 
-	last_chunk_id = 0;
-	last_chunk_offset = 8;
+	if (graph_size < GRAPH_HEADER_SIZE +
+			 (graph->num_chunks + 1) * GRAPH_CHUNKLOOKUP_WIDTH +
+			 GRAPH_FANOUT_SIZE + the_hash_algo->rawsz) {
+		error(_("commit-graph file is too small to hold %u chunks"),
+		      graph->num_chunks);
+		free(graph);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
 	chunk_lookup = data + 8;
+	next_chunk_offset = get_be64(chunk_lookup + 4);
 	for (i = 0; i < graph->num_chunks; i++) {
 		uint32_t chunk_id;
-		uint64_t chunk_offset;
+		uint64_t chunk_offset = next_chunk_offset;
 		int chunk_repeated = 0;
 
-		if (data + graph_size - chunk_lookup <
-		    GRAPH_CHUNKLOOKUP_WIDTH) {
-			error(_("commit-graph chunk lookup table entry missing; file may be incomplete"));
-			goto free_and_return;
-		}
-
 		chunk_id = get_be32(chunk_lookup + 0);
-		chunk_offset = get_be64(chunk_lookup + 4);
 
 		chunk_lookup += GRAPH_CHUNKLOOKUP_WIDTH;
+		next_chunk_offset = get_be64(chunk_lookup + 4);
 
 		if (chunk_offset > graph_size - the_hash_algo->rawsz) {
 			error(_("commit-graph improper chunk offset %08x%08x"), (uint32_t)(chunk_offset >> 32),
@@ -361,8 +360,11 @@ struct commit_graph *parse_commit_graph(void *graph_map, size_t graph_size)
 		case GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDLOOKUP:
 			if (graph->chunk_oid_lookup)
 				chunk_repeated = 1;
-			else
+			else {
 				graph->chunk_oid_lookup = data + chunk_offset;
+				graph->num_commits = (next_chunk_offset - chunk_offset)
+						     / graph->hash_len;
+			}
 			break;
 
 		case GRAPH_CHUNKID_DATA:
@@ -416,15 +418,6 @@ struct commit_graph *parse_commit_graph(void *graph_map, size_t graph_size)
 			error(_("commit-graph chunk id %08x appears multiple times"), chunk_id);
 			goto free_and_return;
 		}
-
-		if (last_chunk_id == GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDLOOKUP)
-		{
-			graph->num_commits = (chunk_offset - last_chunk_offset)
-					     / graph->hash_len;
-		}
-
-		last_chunk_id = chunk_id;
-		last_chunk_offset = chunk_offset;
 	}
 
 	if (graph->chunk_bloom_indexes && graph->chunk_bloom_data) {
@@ -623,10 +616,6 @@ static int prepare_commit_graph(struct repository *r)
 		return !!r->objects->commit_graph;
 	r->objects->commit_graph_attempted = 1;
 
-	if (git_env_bool(GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_LOAD, 0))
-		die("dying as requested by the '%s' variable on commit-graph load!",
-		    GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_LOAD);
-
 	prepare_repo_settings(r);
 
 	if (!git_env_bool(GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH, 0) &&
@@ -855,6 +844,14 @@ static int parse_commit_in_graph_one(struct repository *r,
 
 int parse_commit_in_graph(struct repository *r, struct commit *item)
 {
+	static int checked_env = 0;
+
+	if (!checked_env &&
+	    git_env_bool(GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_PARSE, 0))
+		die("dying as requested by the '%s' variable on commit-graph parse!",
+		    GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_PARSE);
+	checked_env = 1;
+
 	if (!prepare_commit_graph(r))
 		return 0;
 	return parse_commit_in_graph_one(r, r->objects->commit_graph, item);
@@ -947,10 +944,11 @@ struct write_commit_graph_context {
 
 	const struct split_commit_graph_opts *split_opts;
 	size_t total_bloom_filter_data_size;
+	struct bloom_filter_settings bloom_settings;
 };
 
-static void write_graph_chunk_fanout(struct hashfile *f,
-				     struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
+static int write_graph_chunk_fanout(struct hashfile *f,
+				    struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
 	int i, count = 0;
 	struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
@@ -971,17 +969,21 @@ static void write_graph_chunk_fanout(struct hashfile *f,
 
 		hashwrite_be32(f, count);
 	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void write_graph_chunk_oids(struct hashfile *f, int hash_len,
-				   struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
+static int write_graph_chunk_oids(struct hashfile *f,
+				  struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
 	struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
 	int count;
 	for (count = 0; count < ctx->commits.nr; count++, list++) {
 		display_progress(ctx->progress, ++ctx->progress_cnt);
-		hashwrite(f, (*list)->object.oid.hash, (int)hash_len);
+		hashwrite(f, (*list)->object.oid.hash, (int)the_hash_algo->rawsz);
 	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static const unsigned char *commit_to_sha1(size_t index, void *table)
@@ -990,8 +992,8 @@ static const unsigned char *commit_to_sha1(size_t index, void *table)
 	return commits[index]->object.oid.hash;
 }
 
-static void write_graph_chunk_data(struct hashfile *f, int hash_len,
-				   struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
+static int write_graph_chunk_data(struct hashfile *f,
+				  struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
 	struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
 	struct commit **last = ctx->commits.list + ctx->commits.nr;
@@ -1008,7 +1010,7 @@ static void write_graph_chunk_data(struct hashfile *f, int hash_len,
 			die(_("unable to parse commit %s"),
 				oid_to_hex(&(*list)->object.oid));
 		tree = get_commit_tree_oid(*list);
-		hashwrite(f, tree->hash, hash_len);
+		hashwrite(f, tree->hash, the_hash_algo->rawsz);
 
 		parent = (*list)->parents;
 
@@ -1088,10 +1090,12 @@ static void write_graph_chunk_data(struct hashfile *f, int hash_len,
 
 		list++;
 	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void write_graph_chunk_extra_edges(struct hashfile *f,
-					  struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
+static int write_graph_chunk_extra_edges(struct hashfile *f,
+					 struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
 	struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
 	struct commit **last = ctx->commits.list + ctx->commits.nr;
@@ -1140,10 +1144,12 @@ static void write_graph_chunk_extra_edges(struct hashfile *f,
 
 		list++;
 	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void write_graph_chunk_bloom_indexes(struct hashfile *f,
-					    struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
+static int write_graph_chunk_bloom_indexes(struct hashfile *f,
+					   struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
 	struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
 	struct commit **last = ctx->commits.list + ctx->commits.nr;
@@ -1165,11 +1171,11 @@ static void write_graph_chunk_bloom_indexes(struct hashfile *f,
 	}
 
 	stop_progress(&progress);
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void write_graph_chunk_bloom_data(struct hashfile *f,
-					 struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx,
-					 const struct bloom_filter_settings *settings)
+static int write_graph_chunk_bloom_data(struct hashfile *f,
+					struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
 	struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
 	struct commit **last = ctx->commits.list + ctx->commits.nr;
@@ -1181,9 +1187,9 @@ static void write_graph_chunk_bloom_data(struct hashfile *f,
 			_("Writing changed paths Bloom filters data"),
 			ctx->commits.nr);
 
-	hashwrite_be32(f, settings->hash_version);
-	hashwrite_be32(f, settings->num_hashes);
-	hashwrite_be32(f, settings->bits_per_entry);
+	hashwrite_be32(f, ctx->bloom_settings.hash_version);
+	hashwrite_be32(f, ctx->bloom_settings.num_hashes);
+	hashwrite_be32(f, ctx->bloom_settings.bits_per_entry);
 
 	while (list < last) {
 		struct bloom_filter *filter = get_bloom_filter(ctx->r, *list, 0);
@@ -1193,6 +1199,7 @@ static void write_graph_chunk_bloom_data(struct hashfile *f,
 	}
 
 	stop_progress(&progress);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int oid_compare(const void *_a, const void *_b)
@@ -1602,20 +1609,31 @@ static int write_graph_chunk_base(struct hashfile *f,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+typedef int (*chunk_write_fn)(struct hashfile *f,
+			      struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx);
+
+struct chunk_info {
+	uint32_t id;
+	uint64_t size;
+	chunk_write_fn write_fn;
+};
+
 static int write_commit_graph_file(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
 	uint32_t i;
 	int fd;
 	struct hashfile *f;
 	struct lock_file lk = LOCK_INIT;
-	uint32_t chunk_ids[MAX_NUM_CHUNKS + 1];
-	uint64_t chunk_offsets[MAX_NUM_CHUNKS + 1];
+	struct chunk_info chunks[MAX_NUM_CHUNKS + 1];
 	const unsigned hashsz = the_hash_algo->rawsz;
 	struct strbuf progress_title = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int num_chunks = 3;
+	uint64_t chunk_offset;
 	struct object_id file_hash;
 	const struct bloom_filter_settings bloom_settings = DEFAULT_BLOOM_FILTER_SETTINGS;
 
+	ctx->bloom_settings = bloom_settings;
+
 	if (ctx->split) {
 		struct strbuf tmp_file = STRBUF_INIT;
 
@@ -1660,51 +1678,41 @@ static int write_commit_graph_file(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 		f = hashfd(lk.tempfile->fd, lk.tempfile->filename.buf);
 	}
 
-	chunk_ids[0] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDFANOUT;
-	chunk_ids[1] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDLOOKUP;
-	chunk_ids[2] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_DATA;
+	chunks[0].id = GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDFANOUT;
+	chunks[0].size = GRAPH_FANOUT_SIZE;
+	chunks[0].write_fn = write_graph_chunk_fanout;
+	chunks[1].id = GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDLOOKUP;
+	chunks[1].size = hashsz * ctx->commits.nr;
+	chunks[1].write_fn = write_graph_chunk_oids;
+	chunks[2].id = GRAPH_CHUNKID_DATA;
+	chunks[2].size = (hashsz + 16) * ctx->commits.nr;
+	chunks[2].write_fn = write_graph_chunk_data;
 	if (ctx->num_extra_edges) {
-		chunk_ids[num_chunks] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_EXTRAEDGES;
+		chunks[num_chunks].id = GRAPH_CHUNKID_EXTRAEDGES;
+		chunks[num_chunks].size = 4 * ctx->num_extra_edges;
+		chunks[num_chunks].write_fn = write_graph_chunk_extra_edges;
 		num_chunks++;
 	}
 	if (ctx->changed_paths) {
-		chunk_ids[num_chunks] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_BLOOMINDEXES;
+		chunks[num_chunks].id = GRAPH_CHUNKID_BLOOMINDEXES;
+		chunks[num_chunks].size = sizeof(uint32_t) * ctx->commits.nr;
+		chunks[num_chunks].write_fn = write_graph_chunk_bloom_indexes;
 		num_chunks++;
-		chunk_ids[num_chunks] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_BLOOMDATA;
+		chunks[num_chunks].id = GRAPH_CHUNKID_BLOOMDATA;
+		chunks[num_chunks].size = sizeof(uint32_t) * 3
+					  + ctx->total_bloom_filter_data_size;
+		chunks[num_chunks].write_fn = write_graph_chunk_bloom_data;
 		num_chunks++;
 	}
 	if (ctx->num_commit_graphs_after > 1) {
-		chunk_ids[num_chunks] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_BASE;
+		chunks[num_chunks].id = GRAPH_CHUNKID_BASE;
+		chunks[num_chunks].size = hashsz * (ctx->num_commit_graphs_after - 1);
+		chunks[num_chunks].write_fn = write_graph_chunk_base;
 		num_chunks++;
 	}
 
-	chunk_ids[num_chunks] = 0;
-
-	chunk_offsets[0] = 8 + (num_chunks + 1) * GRAPH_CHUNKLOOKUP_WIDTH;
-	chunk_offsets[1] = chunk_offsets[0] + GRAPH_FANOUT_SIZE;
-	chunk_offsets[2] = chunk_offsets[1] + hashsz * ctx->commits.nr;
-	chunk_offsets[3] = chunk_offsets[2] + (hashsz + 16) * ctx->commits.nr;
-
-	num_chunks = 3;
-	if (ctx->num_extra_edges) {
-		chunk_offsets[num_chunks + 1] = chunk_offsets[num_chunks] +
-						4 * ctx->num_extra_edges;
-		num_chunks++;
-	}
-	if (ctx->changed_paths) {
-		chunk_offsets[num_chunks + 1] = chunk_offsets[num_chunks] +
-						sizeof(uint32_t) * ctx->commits.nr;
-		num_chunks++;
-
-		chunk_offsets[num_chunks + 1] = chunk_offsets[num_chunks] +
-						sizeof(uint32_t) * 3 + ctx->total_bloom_filter_data_size;
-		num_chunks++;
-	}
-	if (ctx->num_commit_graphs_after > 1) {
-		chunk_offsets[num_chunks + 1] = chunk_offsets[num_chunks] +
-						hashsz * (ctx->num_commit_graphs_after - 1);
-		num_chunks++;
-	}
+	chunks[num_chunks].id = 0;
+	chunks[num_chunks].size = 0;
 
 	hashwrite_be32(f, GRAPH_SIGNATURE);
 
@@ -1713,13 +1721,16 @@ static int write_commit_graph_file(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 	hashwrite_u8(f, num_chunks);
 	hashwrite_u8(f, ctx->num_commit_graphs_after - 1);
 
+	chunk_offset = 8 + (num_chunks + 1) * GRAPH_CHUNKLOOKUP_WIDTH;
 	for (i = 0; i <= num_chunks; i++) {
 		uint32_t chunk_write[3];
 
-		chunk_write[0] = htonl(chunk_ids[i]);
-		chunk_write[1] = htonl(chunk_offsets[i] >> 32);
-		chunk_write[2] = htonl(chunk_offsets[i] & 0xffffffff);
+		chunk_write[0] = htonl(chunks[i].id);
+		chunk_write[1] = htonl(chunk_offset >> 32);
+		chunk_write[2] = htonl(chunk_offset & 0xffffffff);
 		hashwrite(f, chunk_write, 12);
+
+		chunk_offset += chunks[i].size;
 	}
 
 	if (ctx->report_progress) {
@@ -1732,19 +1743,24 @@ static int write_commit_graph_file(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 			progress_title.buf,
 			num_chunks * ctx->commits.nr);
 	}
-	write_graph_chunk_fanout(f, ctx);
-	write_graph_chunk_oids(f, hashsz, ctx);
-	write_graph_chunk_data(f, hashsz, ctx);
-	if (ctx->num_extra_edges)
-		write_graph_chunk_extra_edges(f, ctx);
-	if (ctx->changed_paths) {
-		write_graph_chunk_bloom_indexes(f, ctx);
-		write_graph_chunk_bloom_data(f, ctx, &bloom_settings);
-	}
-	if (ctx->num_commit_graphs_after > 1 &&
-	    write_graph_chunk_base(f, ctx)) {
-		return -1;
+
+	chunk_offset = f->total + f->offset;
+	for (i = 0; i < num_chunks; i++) {
+		uint64_t end_offset;
+
+		if (chunks[i].write_fn(f, ctx)) {
+			error(_("failed writing chunk with id %"PRIx32""),
+			      chunks[i].id);
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		end_offset = f->total + f->offset;
+		if (end_offset - chunk_offset != chunks[i].size)
+			BUG("expected to write %"PRId64" bytes to chunk %"PRIx32", but wrote %"PRId64" instead",
+			    chunks[i].size, chunks[i].id, end_offset - chunk_offset);
+		chunk_offset = end_offset;
 	}
+
 	stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
 	strbuf_release(&progress_title);
 
@@ -2078,9 +2094,19 @@ int write_commit_graph(struct object_directory *odb,
 	ctx->report_progress = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_PROGRESS ? 1 : 0;
 	ctx->split = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_SPLIT ? 1 : 0;
 	ctx->split_opts = split_opts;
-	ctx->changed_paths = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_BLOOM_FILTERS ? 1 : 0;
 	ctx->total_bloom_filter_data_size = 0;
 
+	if (flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_BLOOM_FILTERS)
+		ctx->changed_paths = 1;
+	else if (!(flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_NO_WRITE_BLOOM_FILTERS)) {
+		prepare_commit_graph_one(ctx->r, ctx->odb);
+
+		/* We have changed-paths already. Keep them in the next graph */
+		if (ctx->r->objects->commit_graph &&
+		    ctx->r->objects->commit_graph->chunk_bloom_data)
+			ctx->changed_paths = 1;
+	}
+
 	if (ctx->split) {
 		struct commit_graph *g;
 		prepare_commit_graph(ctx->r);
diff --git a/commit-graph.h b/commit-graph.h
index 28f89cdf3e..09a97030dc 100644
--- a/commit-graph.h
+++ b/commit-graph.h
@@ -2,14 +2,11 @@
 #define COMMIT_GRAPH_H
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
-#include "repository.h"
-#include "string-list.h"
-#include "cache.h"
 #include "object-store.h"
 #include "oidset.h"
 
 #define GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH "GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH"
-#define GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_LOAD "GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_LOAD"
+#define GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_PARSE "GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_PARSE"
 #define GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_CHANGED_PATHS "GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_CHANGED_PATHS"
 
 /*
@@ -23,6 +20,9 @@ void git_test_write_commit_graph_or_die(void);
 
 struct commit;
 struct bloom_filter_settings;
+struct repository;
+struct raw_object_store;
+struct string_list;
 
 char *get_commit_graph_filename(struct object_directory *odb);
 int open_commit_graph(const char *graph_file, int *fd, struct stat *st);
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ enum commit_graph_write_flags {
 	COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_PROGRESS   = (1 << 1),
 	COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_SPLIT      = (1 << 2),
 	COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_BLOOM_FILTERS = (1 << 3),
+	COMMIT_GRAPH_NO_WRITE_BLOOM_FILTERS = (1 << 4),
 };
 
 enum commit_graph_split_flags {
diff --git a/commit-slab-decl.h b/commit-slab-decl.h
index bfbed1516a..98de2c970c 100644
--- a/commit-slab-decl.h
+++ b/commit-slab-decl.h
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ struct slabname {							\
 void init_ ##slabname## _with_stride(struct slabname *s, unsigned stride); \
 void init_ ##slabname(struct slabname *s);				\
 void clear_ ##slabname(struct slabname *s);				\
+void deep_clear_ ##slabname(struct slabname *s, void (*free_fn)(elemtype *ptr)); \
 elemtype *slabname## _at_peek(struct slabname *s, const struct commit *c, int add_if_missing); \
 elemtype *slabname## _at(struct slabname *s, const struct commit *c);	\
 elemtype *slabname## _peek(struct slabname *s, const struct commit *c)
diff --git a/commit-slab-impl.h b/commit-slab-impl.h
index 5c0eb91a5d..557738df27 100644
--- a/commit-slab-impl.h
+++ b/commit-slab-impl.h
@@ -38,6 +38,19 @@ scope void clear_ ##slabname(struct slabname *s)			\
 	FREE_AND_NULL(s->slab);						\
 }									\
 									\
+scope void deep_clear_ ##slabname(struct slabname *s, void (*free_fn)(elemtype *)) \
+{									\
+	unsigned int i;							\
+	for (i = 0; i < s->slab_count; i++) {				\
+		unsigned int j;						\
+		if (!s->slab[i])					\
+			continue;					\
+		for (j = 0; j < s->slab_size; j++)			\
+			free_fn(&s->slab[i][j * s->stride]);		\
+	}								\
+	clear_ ##slabname(s);						\
+}									\
+									\
 scope elemtype *slabname## _at_peek(struct slabname *s,			\
 						  const struct commit *c, \
 						  int add_if_missing)   \
diff --git a/commit-slab.h b/commit-slab.h
index 05b3f2804e..8e72a30536 100644
--- a/commit-slab.h
+++ b/commit-slab.h
@@ -47,6 +47,16 @@
  *
  *   Call this function before the slab falls out of scope to avoid
  *   leaking memory.
+ *
+ * - void deep_clear_indegree(struct indegree *, void (*free_fn)(int*))
+ *
+ *   Empties the slab, similar to clear_indegree(), but in addition it
+ *   calls the given 'free_fn' for each slab entry to release any
+ *   additional memory that might be owned by the entry (but not the
+ *   entry itself!).
+ *   Note that 'free_fn' might be called even for entries for which no
+ *   indegree_at() call has been made; in this case 'free_fn' is invoked
+ *   with a pointer to a zero-initialized location.
  */
 
 #define define_commit_slab(slabname, elemtype) \
diff --git a/diff.h b/diff.h
index 9443dc1b00..e0c0af6286 100644
--- a/diff.h
+++ b/diff.h
@@ -431,11 +431,11 @@ struct combine_diff_path *diff_tree_paths(
 	struct combine_diff_path *p, const struct object_id *oid,
 	const struct object_id **parents_oid, int nparent,
 	struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt);
-int diff_tree_oid(const struct object_id *old_oid,
-		  const struct object_id *new_oid,
-		  const char *base, struct diff_options *opt);
-int diff_root_tree_oid(const struct object_id *new_oid, const char *base,
-		       struct diff_options *opt);
+void diff_tree_oid(const struct object_id *old_oid,
+		   const struct object_id *new_oid,
+		   const char *base, struct diff_options *opt);
+void diff_root_tree_oid(const struct object_id *new_oid, const char *base,
+			struct diff_options *opt);
 
 struct combine_diff_path {
 	struct combine_diff_path *next;
diff --git a/revision.c b/revision.c
index 32be93f404..8bd383b1dd 100644
--- a/revision.c
+++ b/revision.c
@@ -670,9 +670,10 @@ static void prepare_to_use_bloom_filter(struct rev_info *revs)
 {
 	struct pathspec_item *pi;
 	char *path_alloc = NULL;
-	const char *path;
+	const char *path, *p;
 	int last_index;
-	int len;
+	size_t len;
+	int path_component_nr = 0, j;
 
 	if (!revs->commits)
 		return;
@@ -705,8 +706,22 @@ static void prepare_to_use_bloom_filter(struct rev_info *revs)
 
 	len = strlen(path);
 
-	revs->bloom_key = xmalloc(sizeof(struct bloom_key));
-	fill_bloom_key(path, len, revs->bloom_key, revs->bloom_filter_settings);
+	p = path;
+	do {
+		p = strchrnul(p + 1, '/');
+		path_component_nr++;
+	} while (p - path < len);
+
+	revs->bloom_keys_nr = path_component_nr;
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(revs->bloom_keys, revs->bloom_keys_nr);
+
+	p = path;
+	for (j = 0; j < revs->bloom_keys_nr; j++) {
+		p = strchrnul(p + 1, '/');
+
+		fill_bloom_key(path, p - path, &revs->bloom_keys[j],
+			       revs->bloom_filter_settings);
+	}
 
 	if (trace2_is_enabled() && !bloom_filter_atexit_registered) {
 		atexit(trace2_bloom_filter_statistics_atexit);
@@ -720,7 +735,7 @@ static int check_maybe_different_in_bloom_filter(struct rev_info *revs,
 						 struct commit *commit)
 {
 	struct bloom_filter *filter;
-	int result;
+	int result = 1, j;
 
 	if (!revs->repo->objects->commit_graph)
 		return -1;
@@ -740,9 +755,11 @@ static int check_maybe_different_in_bloom_filter(struct rev_info *revs,
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	result = bloom_filter_contains(filter,
-				       revs->bloom_key,
-				       revs->bloom_filter_settings);
+	for (j = 0; result && j < revs->bloom_keys_nr; j++) {
+		result = bloom_filter_contains(filter,
+					       &revs->bloom_keys[j],
+					       revs->bloom_filter_settings);
+	}
 
 	if (result)
 		count_bloom_filter_maybe++;
@@ -782,7 +799,7 @@ static int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
 			return REV_TREE_SAME;
 	}
 
-	if (revs->bloom_key && !nth_parent) {
+	if (revs->bloom_keys_nr && !nth_parent) {
 		bloom_ret = check_maybe_different_in_bloom_filter(revs, commit);
 
 		if (bloom_ret == 0)
@@ -791,9 +808,7 @@ static int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
 
 	tree_difference = REV_TREE_SAME;
 	revs->pruning.flags.has_changes = 0;
-	if (diff_tree_oid(&t1->object.oid, &t2->object.oid, "",
-			   &revs->pruning) < 0)
-		return REV_TREE_DIFFERENT;
+	diff_tree_oid(&t1->object.oid, &t2->object.oid, "", &revs->pruning);
 
 	if (!nth_parent)
 		if (bloom_ret == 1 && tree_difference == REV_TREE_SAME)
@@ -804,7 +819,6 @@ static int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
 
 static int rev_same_tree_as_empty(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
-	int retval;
 	struct tree *t1 = get_commit_tree(commit);
 
 	if (!t1)
@@ -812,9 +826,9 @@ static int rev_same_tree_as_empty(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 
 	tree_difference = REV_TREE_SAME;
 	revs->pruning.flags.has_changes = 0;
-	retval = diff_tree_oid(NULL, &t1->object.oid, "", &revs->pruning);
+	diff_tree_oid(NULL, &t1->object.oid, "", &revs->pruning);
 
-	return retval >= 0 && (tree_difference == REV_TREE_SAME);
+	return tree_difference == REV_TREE_SAME;
 }
 
 struct treesame_state {
diff --git a/revision.h b/revision.h
index 93491b79d4..d8ac585123 100644
--- a/revision.h
+++ b/revision.h
@@ -300,8 +300,10 @@ struct rev_info {
 	struct topo_walk_info *topo_walk_info;
 
 	/* Commit graph bloom filter fields */
-	/* The bloom filter key for the pathspec */
-	struct bloom_key *bloom_key;
+	/* The bloom filter key(s) for the pathspec */
+	struct bloom_key *bloom_keys;
+	int bloom_keys_nr;
+
 	/*
 	 * The bloom filter settings used to generate the key.
 	 * This is loaded from the commit-graph being used.
diff --git a/shallow.c b/shallow.c
index b826de9b67..91b9e1073c 100644
--- a/shallow.c
+++ b/shallow.c
@@ -110,6 +110,10 @@ void rollback_shallow_file(struct repository *r, struct shallow_lock *lk)
  * supports a "valid" flag.
  */
 define_commit_slab(commit_depth, int *);
+static void free_depth_in_slab(int **ptr)
+{
+	FREE_AND_NULL(*ptr);
+}
 struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads, int depth,
 		int shallow_flag, int not_shallow_flag)
 {
@@ -176,15 +180,7 @@ struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads, int depth,
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	for (i = 0; i < depths.slab_count; i++) {
-		int j;
-
-		if (!depths.slab[i])
-			continue;
-		for (j = 0; j < depths.slab_size; j++)
-			free(depths.slab[i][j]);
-	}
-	clear_commit_depth(&depths);
+	deep_clear_commit_depth(&depths, free_depth_in_slab);
 
 	return result;
 }
diff --git a/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh b/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
index e5ca359edf..65cc703c65 100755
--- a/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
+++ b/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
@@ -125,7 +125,9 @@ test_expect_success 'setup submodules' '
 test_expect_success 'diff-tree ignores trailing slash on submodule path' '
 	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD submod >expect &&
 	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD submod/ >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD -- submod/whatever >actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'diff multiple wildcard pathspecs' '
diff --git a/t/t4216-log-bloom.sh b/t/t4216-log-bloom.sh
index c855bcd3e7..89839e5ee1 100755
--- a/t/t4216-log-bloom.sh
+++ b/t/t4216-log-bloom.sh
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup - add commit-graph to the chain without Bloom filters
 	test_commit c14 A/anotherFile2 &&
 	test_commit c15 A/B/anotherFile2 &&
 	test_commit c16 A/B/C/anotherFile2 &&
-	GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_CHANGED_PATHS=0 git commit-graph write --reachable --split &&
+	git commit-graph write --reachable --split --no-changed-paths &&
 	test_line_count = 2 .git/objects/info/commit-graphs/commit-graph-chain
 '
 
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup - add commit-graph to the chain with Bloom filters' '
 
 test_bloom_filters_used_when_some_filters_are_missing () {
 	log_args=$1
-	bloom_trace_prefix="statistics:{\"filter_not_present\":3,\"zero_length_filter\":0,\"maybe\":8,\"definitely_not\":6"
+	bloom_trace_prefix="statistics:{\"filter_not_present\":3,\"zero_length_filter\":0,\"maybe\":6,\"definitely_not\":8"
 	setup "$log_args" &&
 	grep -q "$bloom_trace_prefix" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/trace.perf" &&
 	test_cmp log_wo_bloom log_w_bloom
diff --git a/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh b/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh
index 26f332d6a3..2804b0dd45 100755
--- a/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh
+++ b/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ corrupt_graph_verify() {
 		cp $objdir/info/commit-graph commit-graph-pre-write-test
 	fi &&
 	git status --short &&
-	GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_LOAD=true git commit-graph write &&
+	GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_PARSE=true git commit-graph write &&
 	chmod u+w $objdir/info/commit-graph &&
 	git commit-graph verify
 }
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ test_expect_success 'detect bad hash version' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'detect low chunk count' '
-	corrupt_graph_and_verify $GRAPH_BYTE_CHUNK_COUNT "\02" \
+	corrupt_graph_and_verify $GRAPH_BYTE_CHUNK_COUNT "\01" \
 		"missing the .* chunk"
 '
 
@@ -615,7 +615,8 @@ test_expect_success 'detect invalid checksum hash' '
 
 test_expect_success 'detect incorrect chunk count' '
 	corrupt_graph_and_verify $GRAPH_BYTE_CHUNK_COUNT "\377" \
-		"chunk lookup table entry missing" $GRAPH_CHUNK_LOOKUP_OFFSET
+		"commit-graph file is too small to hold [0-9]* chunks" \
+		$GRAPH_CHUNK_LOOKUP_OFFSET
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git fsck (checks commit-graph)' '
diff --git a/tree-diff.c b/tree-diff.c
index f3d303c6e5..6ebad1a46f 100644
--- a/tree-diff.c
+++ b/tree-diff.c
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ static struct combine_diff_path *ll_diff_tree_paths(
 	struct combine_diff_path *p, const struct object_id *oid,
 	const struct object_id **parents_oid, int nparent,
 	struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt);
-static int ll_diff_tree_oid(const struct object_id *old_oid,
-			    const struct object_id *new_oid,
-			    struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt);
+static void ll_diff_tree_oid(const struct object_id *old_oid,
+			     const struct object_id *new_oid,
+			     struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt);
 
 /*
  * Compare two tree entries, taking into account only path/S_ISDIR(mode),
@@ -679,9 +679,9 @@ static void try_to_follow_renames(const struct object_id *old_oid,
 	q->nr = 1;
 }
 
-static int ll_diff_tree_oid(const struct object_id *old_oid,
-			    const struct object_id *new_oid,
-			    struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt)
+static void ll_diff_tree_oid(const struct object_id *old_oid,
+			     const struct object_id *new_oid,
+			     struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt)
 {
 	struct combine_diff_path phead, *p;
 	pathchange_fn_t pathchange_old = opt->pathchange;
@@ -697,29 +697,27 @@ static int ll_diff_tree_oid(const struct object_id *old_oid,
 	}
 
 	opt->pathchange = pathchange_old;
-	return 0;
 }
 
-int diff_tree_oid(const struct object_id *old_oid,
-		  const struct object_id *new_oid,
-		  const char *base_str, struct diff_options *opt)
+void diff_tree_oid(const struct object_id *old_oid,
+		   const struct object_id *new_oid,
+		   const char *base_str, struct diff_options *opt)
 {
 	struct strbuf base;
-	int retval;
 
 	strbuf_init(&base, PATH_MAX);
 	strbuf_addstr(&base, base_str);
 
-	retval = ll_diff_tree_oid(old_oid, new_oid, &base, opt);
+	ll_diff_tree_oid(old_oid, new_oid, &base, opt);
 	if (!*base_str && opt->flags.follow_renames && diff_might_be_rename())
 		try_to_follow_renames(old_oid, new_oid, &base, opt);
 
 	strbuf_release(&base);
-
-	return retval;
 }
 
-int diff_root_tree_oid(const struct object_id *new_oid, const char *base, struct diff_options *opt)
+void diff_root_tree_oid(const struct object_id *new_oid,
+			const char *base,
+			struct diff_options *opt)
 {
-	return diff_tree_oid(NULL, new_oid, base, opt);
+	diff_tree_oid(NULL, new_oid, base, opt);
 }
diff --git a/tree-walk.c b/tree-walk.c
index bb0ad34c54..0160294712 100644
--- a/tree-walk.c
+++ b/tree-walk.c
@@ -851,7 +851,14 @@ static int match_entry(const struct pathspec_item *item,
 	if (matchlen > pathlen) {
 		if (match[pathlen] != '/')
 			return 0;
-		if (!S_ISDIR(entry->mode) && !S_ISGITLINK(entry->mode))
+		/*
+		 * Reject non-directories as partial pathnames, except
+		 * when match is a submodule with a trailing slash and
+		 * nothing else (to handle 'submod/' and 'submod'
+		 * uniformly).
+		 */
+		if (!S_ISDIR(entry->mode) &&
+		    (!S_ISGITLINK(entry->mode) || matchlen > pathlen + 1))
 			return 0;
 	}