object-file API: have write_object_file() take "enum object_type"

Change the write_object_file() function to take an "enum object_type"
instead of a "const char *type". Its callers either passed
{commit,tree,blob,tag}_type and can pass the corresponding OBJ_* type
instead, or were hardcoding strings like "blob".

This avoids the back & forth fragility where the callers of
write_object_file() would have the enum type, and convert it
themselves via type_name(). We do have to now do that conversion
ourselves before calling write_object_file_prepare(), but those
codepaths will be similarly adjusted in subsequent commits.

Signed-off-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

commit.c

@@ -1567,7 +1567,7 @@ int commit_tree_extended(const char *msg, size_t msg_len,
 		goto out;
 	}
 
-	result = write_object_file(buffer.buf, buffer.len, commit_type, ret);
+	result = write_object_file(buffer.buf, buffer.len, OBJ_COMMIT, ret);
 out:
 	strbuf_release(&buffer);
 	return result;