git-p4: improve encoding handling to support inconsistent encodings

git-p4 is designed to run correctly under python2.7 and python3, but
its functional behavior wrt importing user-entered text differs across
these environments:

Under python2, git-p4 "naively" writes the Perforce bytestream into git
metadata (and does not set an "encoding" header on the commits); this
means that any non-utf-8 byte sequences end up creating invalidly-encoded
commit metadata in git.

Under python3, git-p4 attempts to decode the Perforce bytestream as utf-8
data, and fails badly (with an unhelpful error) when non-utf-8 data is
encountered.

Perforce clients (especially p4v) encourage user entry of changelist
descriptions (and user full names) in OS-local encoding, and store the
resulting bytestream to the server unmodified - such that different
clients can end up creating mutually-unintelligible messages. The most
common inconsistency, in many Perforce environments, is likely to be utf-8
(typical in linux) vs cp-1252 (typical in windows).

Make the changelist-description- and user-fullname-handling code
python-runtime-agnostic, introducing three "strategies" selectable via
config:
- 'passthrough', behaving as previously under python2,
- 'strict', behaving as previously under python3, and
- 'fallback', favoring utf-8 but supporting a secondary encoding when
utf-8 decoding fails, and finally escaping high-range bytes if the
decoding with the secondary encoding also fails.

Keep the python2 default behavior as-is ('legacy' strategy), but switch
the python3 default strategy to 'fallback' with default fallback encoding
'cp1252'.

Also include tests exercising these encoding strategies, documentation for
the new config, and improve the user-facing error messages when decoding
does fail.

Signed-off-by: Tao Klerks <tao@klerks.biz>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

t/lib-git-p4.sh

@@ -142,10 +142,11 @@ start_p4d () {
 
 p4_add_user () {
 	name=$1 &&
+	fullname="${2:-Dr. $1}"
 	p4 user -f -i <<-EOF
 	User: $name
 	Email: $name@example.com
-	FullName: Dr. $name
+	FullName: $fullname
 	EOF
 }