Git 2.25.5

Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>

.editorconfig

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ insert_final_newline = true
 
 # The settings for C (*.c and *.h) files are mirrored in .clang-format.  Keep
 # them in sync.
-[*.{c,h,sh,perl,pl,pm,txt}]
+[*.{c,h,sh,perl,pl,pm}]
 indent_style = tab
 tab_width = 8
 

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -16,7 +16,4 @@ If you prefer video, then [this talk](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7i_qQW__q
 might be useful to you as the presenter walks you through the contribution
 process by example.
 
-Or, you can follow the ["My First Contribution"](https://git-scm.com/docs/MyFirstContribution)
-tutorial for another example of the contribution process.
-
 Your friendly Git community!

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -1,305 +0,0 @@
-name: CI/PR
-
-on: [push, pull_request]
-
-env:
-  DEVELOPER: 1
-
-jobs:
-  ci-config:
-      runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-      outputs:
-        enabled: ${{ steps.check-ref.outputs.enabled }}
-      steps:
-        - name: try to clone ci-config branch
-          continue-on-error: true
-          run: |
-            git -c protocol.version=2 clone \
-              --no-tags \
-              --single-branch \
-              -b ci-config \
-              --depth 1 \
-              --no-checkout \
-              --filter=blob:none \
-              https://github.com/${{ github.repository }} \
-              config-repo &&
-              cd config-repo &&
-              git checkout HEAD -- ci/config
-        - id: check-ref
-          name: check whether CI is enabled for ref
-          run: |
-            enabled=yes
-            if test -x config-repo/ci/config/allow-ref &&
-               ! config-repo/ci/config/allow-ref '${{ github.ref }}'
-            then
-              enabled=no
-            fi
-            echo "::set-output name=enabled::$enabled"
-
-  windows-build:
-    needs: ci-config
-    if: needs.ci-config.outputs.enabled == 'yes'
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
-    - name: download git-sdk-64-minimal
-      shell: bash
-      run: |
-        ## Get artifact
-        urlbase=https://dev.azure.com/git-for-windows/git/_apis/build/builds
-        id=$(curl "$urlbase?definitions=22&statusFilter=completed&resultFilter=succeeded&\$top=1" |
-          jq -r ".value[] | .id")
-        download_url="$(curl "$urlbase/$id/artifacts" |
-          jq -r '.value[] | select(.name == "git-sdk-64-minimal").resource.downloadUrl')"
-        curl --connect-timeout 10 --retry 5 --retry-delay 0 --retry-max-time 240 \
-          -o artifacts.zip "$download_url"
-
-        ## Unzip and remove the artifact
-        unzip artifacts.zip
-        rm artifacts.zip
-    - name: build
-      shell: powershell
-      env:
-        HOME: ${{runner.workspace}}
-        MSYSTEM: MINGW64
-        NO_PERL: 1
-      run: |
-        & .\git-sdk-64-minimal\usr\bin\bash.exe -lc @"
-        printf '%s\n' /git-sdk-64-minimal/ >>.git/info/exclude
-
-          ci/make-test-artifacts.sh artifacts
-        "@
-    - name: upload build artifacts
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
-      with:
-        name: windows-artifacts
-        path: artifacts
-    - name: upload git-sdk-64-minimal
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
-      with:
-        name: git-sdk-64-minimal
-        path: git-sdk-64-minimal
-  windows-test:
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    needs: [windows-build]
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        nr: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
-    - name: download build artifacts
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@v1
-      with:
-        name: windows-artifacts
-        path: ${{github.workspace}}
-    - name: extract build artifacts
-      shell: bash
-      run: tar xf artifacts.tar.gz
-    - name: download git-sdk-64-minimal
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@v1
-      with:
-        name: git-sdk-64-minimal
-        path: ${{github.workspace}}/git-sdk-64-minimal/
-    - name: test
-      shell: powershell
-      run: |
-        & .\git-sdk-64-minimal\usr\bin\bash.exe -lc @"
-          # Let Git ignore the SDK
-          printf '%s\n' /git-sdk-64-minimal/ >>.git/info/exclude
-
-          ci/run-test-slice.sh ${{matrix.nr}} 10
-        "@
-    - name: ci/print-test-failures.sh
-      if: failure()
-      shell: powershell
-      run: |
-        & .\git-sdk-64-minimal\usr\bin\bash.exe -lc ci/print-test-failures.sh
-    - name: Upload failed tests' directories
-      if: failure() && env.FAILED_TEST_ARTIFACTS != ''
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
-      with:
-        name: failed-tests-windows
-        path: ${{env.FAILED_TEST_ARTIFACTS}}
-  vs-build:
-    needs: ci-config
-    if: needs.ci-config.outputs.enabled == 'yes'
-    env:
-      MSYSTEM: MINGW64
-      NO_PERL: 1
-      GIT_CONFIG_PARAMETERS: "'user.name=CI' 'user.email=ci@git'"
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
-    - name: download git-sdk-64-minimal
-      shell: bash
-      run: |
-        ## Get artifact
-        urlbase=https://dev.azure.com/git-for-windows/git/_apis/build/builds
-        id=$(curl "$urlbase?definitions=22&statusFilter=completed&resultFilter=succeeded&\$top=1" |
-          jq -r ".value[] | .id")
-        download_url="$(curl "$urlbase/$id/artifacts" |
-          jq -r '.value[] | select(.name == "git-sdk-64-minimal").resource.downloadUrl')"
-        curl --connect-timeout 10 --retry 5 --retry-delay 0 --retry-max-time 240 \
-          -o artifacts.zip "$download_url"
-
-        ## Unzip and remove the artifact
-        unzip artifacts.zip
-        rm artifacts.zip
-    - name: generate Visual Studio solution
-      shell: powershell
-      run: |
-        & .\git-sdk-64-minimal\usr\bin\bash.exe -lc @"
-          make NDEBUG=1 DEVELOPER=1 vcxproj
-        "@
-        if (!$?) { exit(1) }
-    - name: download vcpkg artifacts
-      shell: powershell
-      run: |
-        $urlbase = "https://dev.azure.com/git/git/_apis/build/builds"
-        $id = ((Invoke-WebRequest -UseBasicParsing "${urlbase}?definitions=9&statusFilter=completed&resultFilter=succeeded&`$top=1").content | ConvertFrom-JSON).value[0].id
-        $downloadUrl = ((Invoke-WebRequest -UseBasicParsing "${urlbase}/$id/artifacts").content | ConvertFrom-JSON).value[0].resource.downloadUrl
-        (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile($downloadUrl, "compat.zip")
-        Expand-Archive compat.zip -DestinationPath . -Force
-        Remove-Item compat.zip
-    - name: add msbuild to PATH
-      uses: microsoft/setup-msbuild@v1.0.0
-    - name: MSBuild
-      run: msbuild git.sln -property:Configuration=Release -property:Platform=x64 -maxCpuCount:4 -property:PlatformToolset=v142
-    - name: bundle artifact tar
-      shell: powershell
-      env:
-        MSVC: 1
-        VCPKG_ROOT: ${{github.workspace}}\compat\vcbuild\vcpkg
-      run: |
-        & compat\vcbuild\vcpkg_copy_dlls.bat release
-        if (!$?) { exit(1) }
-        & git-sdk-64-minimal\usr\bin\bash.exe -lc @"
-          mkdir -p artifacts &&
-          eval \"`$(make -n artifacts-tar INCLUDE_DLLS_IN_ARTIFACTS=YesPlease ARTIFACTS_DIRECTORY=artifacts 2>&1 | grep ^tar)\"
-        "@
-    - name: upload build artifacts
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
-      with:
-        name: vs-artifacts
-        path: artifacts
-  vs-test:
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    needs: [vs-build, windows-build]
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        nr: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
-    - name: download git-sdk-64-minimal
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@v1
-      with:
-        name: git-sdk-64-minimal
-        path: ${{github.workspace}}/git-sdk-64-minimal/
-    - name: download build artifacts
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@v1
-      with:
-        name: vs-artifacts
-        path: ${{github.workspace}}
-    - name: extract build artifacts
-      shell: bash
-      run: tar xf artifacts.tar.gz
-    - name: test (parallel)
-      shell: powershell
-      env:
-        MSYSTEM: MINGW64
-        NO_SVN_TESTS: 1
-        GIT_TEST_SKIP_REBASE_P: 1
-      run: |
-        & .\git-sdk-64-minimal\usr\bin\bash.exe -lc @"
-          # Let Git ignore the SDK and the test-cache
-          printf '%s\n' /git-sdk-64-minimal/ /test-cache/ >>.git/info/exclude
-
-          cd t &&
-          PATH=\"`$PWD/helper:`$PATH\" &&
-          test-tool.exe run-command testsuite --jobs=10 -V -x --write-junit-xml \
-                  `$(test-tool.exe path-utils slice-tests \
-                          ${{matrix.nr}} 10 t[0-9]*.sh)
-        "@
-  regular:
-    needs: ci-config
-    if: needs.ci-config.outputs.enabled == 'yes'
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        vector:
-          - jobname: linux-clang
-            cc: clang
-            pool: ubuntu-latest
-          - jobname: linux-gcc
-            cc: gcc
-            pool: ubuntu-latest
-          - jobname: osx-clang
-            cc: clang
-            pool: macos-latest
-          - jobname: osx-gcc
-            cc: gcc
-            pool: macos-latest
-          - jobname: GETTEXT_POISON
-            cc: gcc
-            pool: ubuntu-latest
-    env:
-      CC: ${{matrix.vector.cc}}
-      jobname: ${{matrix.vector.jobname}}
-    runs-on: ${{matrix.vector.pool}}
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
-    - run: ci/install-dependencies.sh
-    - run: ci/run-build-and-tests.sh
-    - run: ci/print-test-failures.sh
-      if: failure()
-    - name: Upload failed tests' directories
-      if: failure() && env.FAILED_TEST_ARTIFACTS != ''
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
-      with:
-        name: failed-tests-${{matrix.vector.jobname}}
-        path: ${{env.FAILED_TEST_ARTIFACTS}}
-  dockerized:
-    needs: ci-config
-    if: needs.ci-config.outputs.enabled == 'yes'
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        vector:
-        - jobname: linux-musl
-          image: alpine
-        - jobname: Linux32
-          image: daald/ubuntu32:xenial
-    env:
-      jobname: ${{matrix.vector.jobname}}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: ${{matrix.vector.image}}
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
-    - run: ci/install-docker-dependencies.sh
-    - run: ci/run-build-and-tests.sh
-    - run: ci/print-test-failures.sh
-      if: failure()
-    - name: Upload failed tests' directories
-      if: failure() && env.FAILED_TEST_ARTIFACTS != ''
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
-      with:
-        name: failed-tests-${{matrix.vector.jobname}}
-        path: ${{env.FAILED_TEST_ARTIFACTS}}
-  static-analysis:
-    needs: ci-config
-    if: needs.ci-config.outputs.enabled == 'yes'
-    env:
-      jobname: StaticAnalysis
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
-    - run: ci/install-dependencies.sh
-    - run: ci/run-static-analysis.sh
-  documentation:
-    needs: ci-config
-    if: needs.ci-config.outputs.enabled == 'yes'
-    env:
-      jobname: Documentation
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
-    - run: ci/install-dependencies.sh
-    - run: ci/test-documentation.sh

.gitignore

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 /git-bisect--helper
 /git-blame
 /git-branch
-/git-bugreport
 /git-bundle
 /git-cat-file
 /git-check-attr
@@ -84,6 +83,7 @@
 /git-init-db
 /git-interpret-trailers
 /git-instaweb
+/git-legacy-stash
 /git-log
 /git-ls-files
 /git-ls-remote
@@ -189,7 +189,6 @@
 /gitweb/gitweb.cgi
 /gitweb/static/gitweb.js
 /gitweb/static/gitweb.min.*
-/config-list.h
 /command-list.h
 *.tar.gz
 *.dsc

.mailmap

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ Brandon Casey <drafnel@gmail.com> <casey@nrlssc.navy.mil>
 Brandon Williams <bwilliams.eng@gmail.com> <bmwill@google.com>
 brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
 brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net> <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx>
-brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net> <bk2204@github.com>
 Bryan Larsen <bryan@larsen.st> <bryan.larsen@gmail.com>
 Bryan Larsen <bryan@larsen.st> <bryanlarsen@yahoo.com>
 Cheng Renquan <crquan@gmail.com>

.travis.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ compiler:
 
 matrix:
   include:
-    - env: jobname=GETTEXT_POISON
+    - env: jobname=GIT_TEST_GETTEXT_POISON
       os: linux
       compiler:
       addons:
@@ -32,15 +32,7 @@ matrix:
       services:
         - docker
       before_install:
-      script: ci/run-docker.sh
+      script: ci/run-linux32-docker.sh
-    - env: jobname=linux-musl
-      os: linux
-      compiler:
-      addons:
-      services:
-        - docker
-      before_install:
-      script: ci/run-docker.sh
     - env: jobname=StaticAnalysis
       os: linux
       compiler:

.tsan-suppressions

@@ -8,9 +8,3 @@
 # in practice it (hopefully!) doesn't matter.
 race:^want_color$
 race:^transfer_debug$
-
-# A boolean value, which tells whether the replace_map has been initialized or
-# not, is read racily with an update. As this variable is written to only once,
-# and it's OK if the value change right after reading it, this shouldn't be a
-# problem.
-race:^lookup_replace_object$

Documentation/CodingGuidelines

@@ -91,10 +91,16 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive):
 
    - No shell arrays.
 
+   - No strlen ${#parameter}.
+
    - No pattern replacement ${parameter/pattern/string}.
 
  - We use Arithmetic Expansion $(( ... )).
 
+ - Inside Arithmetic Expansion, spell shell variables with $ in front
+   of them, as some shells do not grok $((x)) while accepting $(($x))
+   just fine (e.g. dash older than 0.5.4).
+
  - We do not use Process Substitution <(list) or >(list).
 
  - Do not write control structures on a single line with semicolon.
@@ -232,18 +238,6 @@ For C programs:
         while( condition )
 		func (bar+1);
 
- - Do not explicitly compare an integral value with constant 0 or '\0',
-   or a pointer value with constant NULL.  For instance, to validate that
-   counted array <ptr, cnt> is initialized but has no elements, write:
-
-	if (!ptr || cnt)
-		BUG("empty array expected");
-
-   and not:
-
-	if (ptr == NULL || cnt != 0);
-		BUG("empty array expected");
-
  - We avoid using braces unnecessarily.  I.e.
 
 	if (bla) {
@@ -489,11 +483,16 @@ For Python scripts:
 
  - We follow PEP-8 (http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/).
 
- - As a minimum, we aim to be compatible with Python 2.7.
+ - As a minimum, we aim to be compatible with Python 2.6 and 2.7.
 
  - Where required libraries do not restrict us to Python 2, we try to
    also be compatible with Python 3.1 and later.
 
+ - When you must differentiate between Unicode literals and byte string
+   literals, it is OK to use the 'b' prefix.  Even though the Python
+   documentation for version 2.6 does not mention this prefix, it has
+   been supported since version 2.6.0.
+
 Error Messages
 
  - Do not end error messages with a full stop.

Documentation/Makefile

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ MAN7_TXT += gitcredentials.txt
 MAN7_TXT += gitcvs-migration.txt
 MAN7_TXT += gitdiffcore.txt
 MAN7_TXT += giteveryday.txt
-MAN7_TXT += gitfaq.txt
 MAN7_TXT += gitglossary.txt
 MAN7_TXT += gitnamespaces.txt
 MAN7_TXT += gitremote-helpers.txt
@@ -93,7 +92,6 @@ TECH_DOCS += technical/protocol-capabilities
 TECH_DOCS += technical/protocol-common
 TECH_DOCS += technical/protocol-v2
 TECH_DOCS += technical/racy-git
-TECH_DOCS += technical/reftable
 TECH_DOCS += technical/send-pack-pipeline
 TECH_DOCS += technical/shallow
 TECH_DOCS += technical/signature-format
@@ -151,9 +149,32 @@ endif
 -include ../config.mak.autogen
 -include ../config.mak
 
+#
+# For docbook-xsl ...
+#	-1.68.1,	no extra settings are needed?
+#	1.69.0,		set ASCIIDOC_ROFF?
+#	1.69.1-1.71.0,	set DOCBOOK_SUPPRESS_SP?
+#	1.71.1,		set ASCIIDOC_ROFF?
+#	1.72.0,		set DOCBOOK_XSL_172.
+#	1.73.0-,	no extra settings are needed
+#
+
+ifdef DOCBOOK_XSL_172
+ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-asciidoc-no-roff
+MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-1.72.xsl
+else
+	ifndef ASCIIDOC_ROFF
+	# docbook-xsl after 1.72 needs the regular XSL, but will not
+	# pass-thru raw roff codes from asciidoc.conf, so turn them off.
+	ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-asciidoc-no-roff
+	endif
+endif
 ifndef NO_MAN_BOLD_LITERAL
 XMLTO_EXTRA += -m manpage-bold-literal.xsl
 endif
+ifdef DOCBOOK_SUPPRESS_SP
+XMLTO_EXTRA += -m manpage-suppress-sp.xsl
+endif
 
 # Newer DocBook stylesheet emits warning cruft in the output when
 # this is not set, and if set it shows an absolute link.  Older

Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt

@@ -23,42 +23,6 @@ useful additional context:
 - `Documentation/SubmittingPatches`
 - `Documentation/howto/new-command.txt`
 
-[[getting-help]]
-=== Getting Help
-
-If you get stuck, you can seek help in the following places.
-
-==== git@vger.kernel.org
-
-This is the main Git project mailing list where code reviews, version
-announcements, design discussions, and more take place. Those interested in
-contributing are welcome to post questions here. The Git list requires
-plain-text-only emails and prefers inline and bottom-posting when replying to
-mail; you will be CC'd in all replies to you. Optionally, you can subscribe to
-the list by sending an email to majordomo@vger.kernel.org with "subscribe git"
-in the body. The https://lore.kernel.org/git[archive] of this mailing list is
-available to view in a browser.
-
-==== https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/git-mentoring[git-mentoring@googlegroups.com]
-
-This mailing list is targeted to new contributors and was created as a place to
-post questions and receive answers outside of the public eye of the main list.
-Veteran contributors who are especially interested in helping mentor newcomers
-are present on the list. In order to avoid search indexers, group membership is
-required to view messages; anyone can join and no approval is required.
-
-==== https://webchat.freenode.net/#git-devel[#git-devel] on Freenode
-
-This IRC channel is for conversations between Git contributors. If someone is
-currently online and knows the answer to your question, you can receive help
-in real time. Otherwise, you can read the
-https://colabti.org/irclogger/irclogger_logs/git-devel[scrollback] to see
-whether someone answered you. IRC does not allow offline private messaging, so
-if you try to private message someone and then log out of IRC, they cannot
-respond to you. It's better to ask your questions in the channel so that you
-can be answered if you disconnect and so that others can learn from the
-conversation.
-
 [[getting-started]]
 == Getting Started
 
@@ -1179,8 +1143,8 @@ look at the section below this one for some context.)
 [[after-approval]]
 === After Review Approval
 
-The Git project has four integration branches: `seen`, `next`, `master`, and
+The Git project has four integration branches: `pu`, `next`, `master`, and
-`maint`. Your change will be placed into `seen` fairly early on by the maintainer
+`maint`. Your change will be placed into `pu` fairly early on by the maintainer
 while it is still in the review process; from there, when it is ready for wider
 testing, it will be merged into `next`. Plenty of early testers use `next` and
 may report issues. Eventually, changes in `next` will make it to `master`,

Documentation/MyFirstObjectWalk.txt

@@ -357,6 +357,9 @@ static void walken_commit_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
 	...
 
 	while ((commit = get_revision(rev))) {
+		if (!commit)
+			continue;
+
 		strbuf_reset(&prettybuf);
 		pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &prettybuf);
 		puts(prettybuf.buf);

Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.6.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+Git v2.17.6 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release addresses the security issues CVE-2021-21300.
+
+Fixes since v2.17.5
+-------------------
+
+ * CVE-2021-21300:
+   On case-insensitive file systems with support for symbolic links,
+   if Git is configured globally to apply delay-capable clean/smudge
+   filters (such as Git LFS), Git could be fooled into running
+   remote code during a clone.
+
+Credit for finding and fixing this vulnerability goes to Matheus
+Tavares, helped by Johannes Schindelin.

Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.5.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Git v2.18.5 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges up the fixes that appear in v2.17.6 to address
+the security issue CVE-2021-21300; see the release notes for that
+version for details.

Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.6.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Git v2.19.6 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges up the fixes that appear in v2.17.6 and
+v2.18.5 to address the security issue CVE-2021-21300; see the
+release notes for these versions for details.

Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.5.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Git v2.20.5 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges up the fixes that appear in v2.17.6, v2.18.5
+and v2.19.6 to address the security issue CVE-2021-21300; see
+the release notes for these versions for details.

Documentation/RelNotes/2.21.4.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Git v2.21.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges up the fixes that appear in v2.17.6, v2.18.5,
+v2.19.6 and v2.20.5 to address the security issue CVE-2021-21300;
+see the release notes for these versions for details.

Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.5.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Git v2.22.5 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges up the fixes that appear in v2.17.6,
+v2.18.5, v2.19.6, v2.20.5 and v2.21.4 to address the security
+issue CVE-2021-21300; see the release notes for these versions
+for details.

Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.4.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Git v2.23.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges up the fixes that appear in v2.17.6, v2.18.5,
+v2.19.6, v2.20.5, v2.21.4 and v2.22.5 to address the security
+issue CVE-2021-21300; see the release notes for these versions
+for details.

Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.4.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Git v2.24.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges up the fixes that appear in v2.17.6, v2.18.5,
+v2.19.6, v2.20.5, v2.21.4, v2.22.5 and v2.23.4 to address the
+security issue CVE-2021-21300; see the release notes for these
+versions for details.

Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.5.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Git v2.25.5 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges up the fixes that appear in v2.17.6, v2.18.5,
+v2.19.6, v2.20.5, v2.21.4, v2.22.5, v2.23.4 and v2.24.4 to address
+the security issue CVE-2021-21300; see the release notes for
+these versions for details.

Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.0.txt

@@ -1,341 +0,0 @@
-Git 2.26 Release Notes
-======================
-
-Updates since v2.25
--------------------
-
-Backward compatibility notes
-
- * "git rebase" uses a different backend that is based on the 'merge'
-   machinery by default.  There are a few known differences in the
-   behaviour from the traditional machinery based on patch+apply.
-
-   If your workflow is negatively affected by this change, please
-   report it to git@vger.kernel.org so that we can take a look into
-   it.  After doing so, you can set the 'rebase.backend' configuration
-   variable to 'apply', in order to use the old default behaviour in
-   the meantime.
-
-
-UI, Workflows & Features
-
- * Sample credential helper for using .netrc has been updated to work
-   out of the box.
-
- * gpg.minTrustLevel configuration variable has been introduced to
-   tell various signature verification codepaths the required minimum
-   trust level.
-
- * The command line completion (in contrib/) learned to complete
-   subcommands and arguments to "git worktree".
-
- * Disambiguation logic to tell revisions and pathspec apart has been
-   tweaked so that backslash-escaped glob special characters do not
-   count in the "wildcards are pathspec" rule.
-
- * One effect of specifying where the GIT_DIR is (either with the
-   environment variable, or with the "git --git-dir=<where> cmd"
-   option) is to disable the repository discovery.  This has been
-   placed a bit more stress in the documentation, as new users often
-   get confused.
-
- * Two help messages given when "git add" notices the user gave it
-   nothing to add have been updated to use advise() API.
-
- * A new version of fsmonitor-watchman hook has been introduced, to
-   avoid races.
-
- * "git config" learned to show in which "scope", in addition to in
-   which file, each config setting comes from.
-
- * The basic 7 colors learned the brighter counterparts
-   (e.g. "brightred").
-
- * "git sparse-checkout" learned a new "add" subcommand.
-
- * A configuration element used for credential subsystem can now use
-   wildcard pattern to specify for which set of URLs the entry
-   applies.
-
- * "git clone --recurse-submodules --single-branch" now uses the same
-   single-branch option when cloning the submodules.
-
- * "git rm" and "git stash" learns the new "--pathspec-from-file"
-   option.
-
- * "git am --show-current-patch" is a way to show the piece of e-mail
-   for the stopped step, which is not suitable to directly feed "git
-   apply" (it is designed to be a good "git am" input).  It learned a
-   new option to show only the patch part.
-
- * Handling of conflicting renames in merge-recursive have further
-   been made consistent with how existing codepaths try to mimic what
-   is done to add/add conflicts.
-
-
-Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
-
- * Tell .editorconfig that in this project, *.txt files are indented
-   with tabs.
-
- * The test-lint machinery knew to check "VAR=VAL shell_function"
-   construct, but did not check "VAR= shell_function", which has been
-   corrected.
-
- * Replace "git config --bool" calls with "git config --type=bool" in
-   sample templates.
-
- * The effort to move "git-add--interactive" to C continues.
-
- * Improve error message generation for "git submodule add".
-
- * Preparation of test scripts for the day when the object names will
-   use SHA-256 continues.
-
- * Warn programmers about pretend_object_file() that allows the code
-   to tentatively use in-core objects.
-
- * The way "git pack-objects" reuses objects stored in existing pack
-   to generate its result has been improved.
-
- * The transport protocol version 2 becomes the default one.
-
- * Traditionally, we avoided threaded grep while searching in objects
-   (as opposed to files in the working tree) as accesses to the object
-   layer is not thread-safe.  This limitation is getting lifted.
-
- * "git rebase -i" (and friends) used to unnecessarily check out the
-   tip of the branch to be rebased, which has been corrected.
-
- * A low-level API function get_oid(), that accepts various ways to
-   name an object, used to issue end-user facing error messages
-   without l10n, which has been updated to be translatable.
-
- * Unneeded connectivity check is now disabled in a partial clone when
-   fetching into it.
-
- * Some rough edges in the sparse-checkout feature, especially around
-   the cone mode, have been cleaned up.
-
- * The diff-* plumbing family of subcommands now pay attention to the
-   diff.wsErrorHighlight configuration, which has been ignored before;
-   this allows "git add -p" to also show the whitespace problems to
-   the end user.
-
- * Some codepaths were given a repository instance as a parameter to
-   work in the repository, but passed the_repository instance to its
-   callees, which has been cleaned up (somewhat).
-
- * Memory footprint and performance of "git name-rev" has been
-   improved.
-
- * The object reachability bitmap machinery and the partial cloning
-   machinery were not prepared to work well together, because some
-   object-filtering criteria that partial clones use inherently rely
-   on object traversal, but the bitmap machinery is an optimization
-   to bypass that object traversal.  There however are some cases
-   where they can work together, and they were taught about them.
-
- * "git rebase" has learned to use the merge backend (i.e. the
-   machinery that drives "rebase -i") by default, while allowing
-   "--apply" option to use the "apply" backend (e.g. the moral
-   equivalent of "format-patch piped to am").  The rebase.backend
-   configuration variable can be set to customize.
-
- * Underlying machinery of "git bisect--helper" is being refactored
-   into pieces that are more easily reused.
-
-
-Fixes since v2.25
------------------
-
- * "git commit" gives output similar to "git status" when there is
-   nothing to commit, but without honoring the advise.statusHints
-   configuration variable, which has been corrected.
-
- * has_object_file() said "no" given an object registered to the
-   system via pretend_object_file(), making it inconsistent with
-   read_object_file(), causing lazy fetch to attempt fetching an
-   empty tree from promisor remotes.
-
- * Complete an update to tutorial that encourages "git switch" over
-   "git checkout" that was done only half-way.
-
- * C pedantry ;-) fix.
-
- * The code that tries to skip over the entries for the paths in a
-   single directory using the cache-tree was not careful enough
-   against corrupt index file.
-
- * Reduce unnecessary round-trip when running "ls-remote" over the
-   stateless RPC mechanism.
-
- * "git restore --staged" did not correctly update the cache-tree
-   structure, resulting in bogus trees to be written afterwards, which
-   has been corrected.
-
- * The code recently added to move to the entry beyond the ones in the
-   same directory in the index in the sparse-cone mode did not count
-   the number of entries to skip over incorrectly, which has been
-   corrected.
-
- * Rendering by "git log --graph" of ancestry lines leading to a merge
-   commit were made suboptimal to waste vertical space a bit with a
-   recent update, which has been corrected.
-
- * Work around test breakages caused by custom regex engine used in
-   libasan, when address sanitizer is used with more recent versions
-   of gcc and clang.
-
- * Minor bugfixes to "git add -i" that has recently been rewritten in C.
-
- * "git fetch --refmap=" option has got a better documentation.
-
- * "git checkout X" did not correctly fail when X is not a local
-   branch but could name more than one remote-tracking branches
-   (i.e. to be dwimmed as the starting point to create a corresponding
-   local branch), which has been corrected.
-   (merge fa74180d08 am/checkout-file-and-ref-ref-ambiguity later to maint).
-
- * Corner case bugs in "git clean" that stems from a (necessarily for
-   performance reasons) awkward calling convention in the directory
-   enumeration API has been corrected.
-
- * A fetch that is told to recursively fetch updates in submodules
-   inevitably produces reams of output, and it becomes hard to spot
-   error messages.  The command has been taught to enumerate
-   submodules that had errors at the end of the operation.
-   (merge 0222540827 es/fetch-show-failed-submodules-atend later to maint).
-
- * The "--recurse-submodules" option of various subcommands did not
-   work well when run in an alternate worktree, which has been
-   corrected.
-
- * Futureproofing a test not to depend on the current implementation
-   detail.
-
- * Running "git rm" on a submodule failed unnecessarily when
-   .gitmodules is only cache-dirty, which has been corrected.
-
- * C pedantry ;-) fix.
-
- * "git grep --no-index" should not get affected by the contents of
-   the .gitmodules file but when "--recurse-submodules" is given or
-   the "submodule.recurse" variable is set, it did.  Now these
-   settings are ignored in the "--no-index" mode.
-
- * Technical details of the bundle format has been documented.
-
- * Unhelpful warning messages during documentation build have been squelched.
-
- * "git rebase -i" identifies existing commits in its todo file with
-   their abbreviated object name, which could become ambiguous as it
-   goes to create new commits, and has a mechanism to avoid ambiguity
-   in the main part of its execution.  A few other cases however were
-   not covered by the protection against ambiguity, which has been
-   corrected.
-
- * Allow the rebase.missingCommitsCheck configuration to kick in when
-   "rebase --edit-todo" and "rebase --continue" restarts the procedure.
-   (merge 5a5445d878 ag/edit-todo-drop-check later to maint).
-
- * The way "git submodule status" reports an initialized but not yet
-   populated submodule has not been reimplemented correctly when a
-   part of the "git submodule" command was rewritten in C, which has
-   been corrected.
-   (merge f38c92452d pk/status-of-uncloned-submodule later to maint).
-
- * The code to automatically shrink the fan-out in the notes tree had
-   an off-by-one bug, which has been killed.
-
- * The index-pack code now diagnoses a bad input packstream that
-   records the same object twice when it is used as delta base; the
-   code used to declare a software bug when encountering such an
-   input, but it is an input error.
-
-
- * The code to compute the commit-graph has been taught to use a more
-   robust way to tell if two object directories refer to the same
-   thing.
-   (merge a7df60cac8 tb/commit-graph-object-dir later to maint).
-
- * "git remote rename X Y" needs to adjust configuration variables
-   (e.g. branch.<name>.remote) whose value used to be X to Y.
-   branch.<name>.pushRemote is now also updated.
-
- * Update to doc-diff.
-
- * Doc markup fix.
-
- * "git check-ignore" did not work when the given path is explicitly
-   marked as not ignored with a negative entry in the .gitignore file.
-
- * The merge-recursive machinery failed to refresh the cache entry for
-   a merge result in a couple of places, resulting in an unnecessary
-   merge failure, which has been fixed.
-
- * Fix for a bug revealed by a recent change to make the protocol v2
-   the default.
-
- * In rare cases "git worktree add <path>" could think that <path>
-   was already a registered worktree even when it wasn't and refuse
-   to add the new worktree. This has been corrected.
-   (merge bb69b3b009 es/worktree-avoid-duplication-fix later to maint).
-
- * "git push" should stop from updating a branch that is checked out
-   when receive.denyCurrentBranch configuration is set, but it failed
-   to pay attention to checkouts in secondary worktrees.  This has
-   been corrected.
-   (merge 4d864895a2 hv/receive-denycurrent-everywhere later to maint).
-
- * "git rebase BASE BRANCH" rebased/updated the tip of BRANCH and
-   checked it out, even when the BRANCH is checked out in a different
-   worktree.  This has been corrected.
-   (merge b5cabb4a96 es/do-not-let-rebase-switch-to-protected-branch later to maint).
-
- * "git describe" in a repository with multiple root commits sometimes
-   gave up looking for the best tag to describe a given commit with
-   too early, which has been adjusted.
-
- * "git merge signed-tag" while lacking the public key started to say
-   "No signature", which was utterly wrong.  This regression has been
-   reverted.
-
- * MinGW's poll() emulation has been improved.
-
- * "git show" and others gave an object name in raw format in its
-   error output, which has been corrected to give it in hex.
-
- * "git fetch" over HTTP walker protocol did not show any progress
-   output.  We inherently do not know how much work remains, but still
-   we can show something not to bore users.
-   (merge 7655b4119d rs/show-progress-in-dumb-http-fetch later to maint).
-
- * Both "git ls-remote -h" and "git grep -h" give short usage help,
-   like any other Git subcommand, but it is not unreasonable to expect
-   that the former would behave the same as "git ls-remote --head"
-   (there is no other sensible behaviour for the latter).  The
-   documentation has been updated in an attempt to clarify this.
-
- * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
-   (merge d0d0a357a1 am/update-pathspec-f-f-tests later to maint).
-   (merge f94f7bd00d am/test-pathspec-f-f-error-cases later to maint).
-   (merge c513a958b6 ss/t6025-modernize later to maint).
-   (merge b441717256 dl/test-must-fail-fixes later to maint).
-   (merge d031049da3 mt/sparse-checkout-doc-update later to maint).
-   (merge 145136a95a jc/skip-prefix later to maint).
-   (merge 5290d45134 jk/alloc-cleanups later to maint).
-   (merge 7a9f8ca805 rs/parse-options-concat-dup later to maint).
-   (merge 517b60564e rs/strbuf-insertstr later to maint).
-   (merge f696a2b1c8 jk/mailinfo-cleanup later to maint).
-   (merge de26f02db1 js/test-avoid-pipe later to maint).
-   (merge a2dc43414c es/doc-mentoring later to maint).
-   (merge 02bbbe9df9 es/worktree-cleanup later to maint).
-   (merge 2ce6d075fa rs/micro-cleanups later to maint).
-   (merge 27f182b3fc rs/blame-typefix-for-fingerprint later to maint).
-   (merge 3c29e21eb0 ma/test-cleanup later to maint).
-   (merge 240fc04f81 ag/rebase-remove-redundant-code later to maint).
-   (merge d68ce906c7 rs/commit-graph-code-simplification later to maint).
-   (merge a51d9e8f07 rj/t1050-use-test-path-is-file later to maint).
-   (merge fd0bc17557 kk/complete-diff-color-moved later to maint).
-   (merge 65bf820d0e en/test-cleanup later to maint).

Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.1.txt

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-Git v2.26.1 Release Notes
-=========================
-
-This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
-the release notes for that version for details.

Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.2.txt

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-Git v2.26.2 Release Notes
-=========================
-
-This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
-the release notes for that version for details.

Documentation/RelNotes/2.27.0.txt

@@ -1,525 +0,0 @@
-Git 2.27 Release Notes
-======================
-
-Updates since v2.26
--------------------
-
-Backward compatibility notes
-
- * When "git describe C" finds that commit C is pointed by a signed or
-   annotated tag, which records T as its tagname in the object, the
-   command gives T as its answer.  Even if the user renames or moves
-   such a tag from its natural location in the "refs/tags/" hierarchy,
-   "git describe C" would still give T as the answer, but in such a
-   case "git show T^0" would no longer work as expected.  There may be
-   nothing at "refs/tags/T" or even worse there may be a different tag
-   instead.
-
-   Starting from this version, "git describe" will always use the
-   "long" version, as if the "--long" option were given, when giving
-   its output based on such a misplaced tag to work around the problem.
-
- * "git pull" issues a warning message until the pull.rebase
-   configuration variable is explicitly given, which some existing
-   users may find annoying---those who prefer not to rebase need to
-   set the variable to false to squelch the warning.
-
- * The transport protocol version 2, which was promoted to the default
-   in Git 2.26 release, turned out to have some remaining rough edges,
-   so it has been demoted from the default.
-
-
-UI, Workflows & Features
-
- * A handful of options to configure SSL when talking to proxies have
-   been added.
-
- * Smudge/clean conversion filters are now given more information
-   (e.g. the object of the tree-ish in which the blob being converted
-   appears, in addition to its path, which has already been given).
-
- * When "git describe C" finds an annotated tag with tagname A to be
-   the best name to explain commit C, and the tag is stored in a
-   "wrong" place in the refs/tags hierarchy, e.g. refs/tags/B, the
-   command gave a warning message but used A (not B) to describe C.
-   If C is exactly at the tag, the describe output would be "A", but
-   "git rev-parse A^0" would not be equal as "git rev-parse C^0".  The
-   behavior of the command has been changed to use the "long" form
-   i.e. A-0-gOBJECTNAME, which is correctly interpreted by rev-parse.
-
- * "git pull" learned to warn when no pull.rebase configuration
-   exists, and neither --[no-]rebase nor --ff-only is given (which
-   would result a merge).
-
- * "git p4" learned four new hooks and also "--no-verify" option to
-   bypass them (and the existing "p4-pre-submit" hook).
-
- * "git pull" shares many options with underlying "git fetch", but
-   some of them were not documented and some of those that would make
-   sense to pass down were not passed down.
-
- * "git rebase" learned the "--no-gpg-sign" option to countermand
-   commit.gpgSign the user may have.
-
- * The output from "git format-patch" uses RFC 2047 encoding for
-   non-ASCII letters on From: and Subject: headers, so that it can
-   directly be fed to e-mail programs.  A new option has been added
-   to produce these headers in raw.
-
- * "git log" learned "--show-pulls" that helps pathspec limited
-   history views; a merge commit that takes the whole change from a
-   side branch, which is normally omitted from the output, is shown
-   in addition to the commits that introduce real changes.
-
- * The interactive input from various codepaths are consolidated and
-   any prompt possibly issued earlier are fflush()ed before we read.
-
- * Allow "git rebase" to reapply all local commits, even if the may be
-   already in the upstream, without checking first.
-
- * The 'pack.useSparse' configuration variable now defaults to 'true',
-   enabling an optimization that has been experimental since Git 2.21.
-
- * "git rebase" happens to call some hooks meant for "checkout" and
-   "commit" by this was not a designed behaviour than historical
-   accident.  This has been documented.
-
- * "git merge" learns the "--autostash" option.
-
- * "sparse-checkout" UI improvements.
-
- * "git update-ref --stdin" learned a handful of new verbs to let the
-   user control ref update transactions more explicitly, which helps
-   as an ingredient to implement two-phase commit-style atomic
-   ref-updates across multiple repositories.
-
- * "git commit-graph write" learned different ways to write out split
-   files.
-
- * Introduce an extension to the commit-graph to make it efficient to
-   check for the paths that were modified at each commit using Bloom
-   filters.
-
- * The approxidate parser learns to parse seconds with fraction and
-   ignore fractional part.
-
- * The userdiff patterns for Markdown documents have been added.
-
- * The sparse-checkout patterns have been forbidden from excluding all
-   paths, leaving an empty working tree, for a long time.  This
-   limitation has been lifted.
-
- * "git restore --staged --worktree" now defaults to take the contents
-   out of "HEAD", instead of erring out.
-
- * "git p4" learned to recover from a (broken) state where a directory
-   and a file are recorded at the same path in the Perforce repository
-   the same way as their clients do.
-
- * "git multi-pack-index repack" has been taught to honor some
-   repack.* configuration variables.
-
-
-Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
-
- * The advise API has been revamped to allow more systematic enumeration of
-   advice knobs in the future.
-
- * SHA-256 transition continues.
-
- * The code to interface with GnuPG has been refactored.
-
- * "git stash" has kept an escape hatch to use the scripted version
-   for a few releases, which got stale.  It has been removed.
-
- * Enable tests that require GnuPG on Windows.
-
- * Minor test usability improvement.
-
- * Trace2 enhancement to allow logging of the environment variables.
-
- * Test clean-up continues.
-
- * Perf-test update.
-
- * A Windows-specific test element has been made more robust against
-   misuse from both user's environment and programmer's errors.
-
- * Various tests have been updated to work around issues found with
-   shell utilities that come with busybox etc.
-
- * The config API made mixed uses of int and size_t types to represent
-   length of various pieces of text it parsed, which has been updated
-   to use the correct type (i.e. size_t) throughout.
-
- * The "--decorate-refs" and "--decorate-refs-exclude" options "git
-   log" takes have learned a companion configuration variable
-   log.excludeDecoration that sits at the lowest priority in the
-   family.
-
- * A new CI job to build and run test suite on linux with musl libc
-   has been added.
-
- * Update the CI configuration to use GitHub Actions, retiring the one
-   based on Azure Pipelines.
-
- * The directory traversal code had redundant recursive calls which
-   made its performance characteristics exponential with respect to
-   the depth of the tree, which was corrected.
-
- * "git blame" learns to take advantage of the "changed-paths" Bloom
-   filter stored in the commit-graph file.
-
- * The "bugreport" tool has been added.
-
- * The object walk with object filter "--filter=tree:0" can now take
-   advantage of the pack bitmap when available.
-
- * Instead of always building all branches at GitHub via Actions,
-   users can specify which branches to build.
-
- * Codepaths that show progress meter have been taught to also use the
-   start_progress() and the stop_progress() calls as a "region" to be
-   traced.
-
- * Instead of downloading Windows SDK for CI jobs for windows builds
-   from an external site (wingit.blob.core.windows.net), use the one
-   created in the windows-build job, to work around quota issues at
-   the external site.
-
-
-Fixes since v2.26
------------------
-
- * The real_path() convenience function can easily be misused; with a
-   bit of code refactoring in the callers' side, its use has been
-   eliminated.
-   (merge 49d3c4b481 am/real-path-fix later to maint).
-
- * Update "git p4" to work with Python 3.
-   (merge 6bb40ed20a yz/p4-py3 later to maint).
-
- * The mechanism to prevent "git commit" from making an empty commit
-   or amending during an interrupted cherry-pick was broken during the
-   rewrite of "git rebase" in C, which has been corrected.
-   (merge 430b75f720 pw/advise-rebase-skip later to maint).
-
- * Fix "git checkout --recurse-submodules" of a nested submodule
-   hierarchy.
-   (merge 846f34d351 pb/recurse-submodules-fix later to maint).
-
- * The "--fork-point" mode of "git rebase" regressed when the command
-   was rewritten in C back in 2.20 era, which has been corrected.
-   (merge f08132f889 at/rebase-fork-point-regression-fix later to maint).
-
- * The import-tars importer (in contrib/fast-import/) used to create
-   phony files at the top-level of the repository when the archive
-   contains global PAX headers, which made its own logic to detect and
-   omit the common leading directory ineffective, which has been
-   corrected.
-   (merge c839fcff65 js/import-tars-do-not-make-phony-files-from-pax-headers later to maint).
-
- * Simplify the commit ancestry connectedness check in a partial clone
-   repository in which "promised" objects are assumed to be obtainable
-   lazily on-demand from promisor remote repositories.
-   (merge 2b98478c6f jt/connectivity-check-optim-in-partial-clone later to maint).
-
- * The server-end of the v2 protocol to serve "git clone" and "git
-   fetch" was not prepared to see a delim packets at unexpected
-   places, which led to a crash.
-   (merge cacae4329f jk/harden-protocol-v2-delim-handling later to maint).
-
- * When fed a midx that records no objects, some codepaths tried to
-   loop from 0 through (num_objects-1), which, due to integer
-   arithmetic wrapping around, made it nonsense operation with out of
-   bounds array accesses.  The code has been corrected to reject such
-   an midx file.
-   (merge 796d61cdc0 dr/midx-avoid-int-underflow later to maint).
-
- * Utitiles run via the run_command() API were not spawned correctly
-   on Cygwin, when the paths to them are given as a full path with
-   backslashes.
-   (merge 05ac8582bc ak/run-command-on-cygwin-fix later to maint).
-
- * "git pull --rebase" tried to run a rebase even after noticing that
-   the pull results in a fast-forward and no rebase is needed nor
-   sensible, for the past few years due to a mistake nobody noticed.
-   (merge fbae70ddc6 en/pull-do-not-rebase-after-fast-forwarding later to maint).
-
- * "git rebase" with the merge backend did not work well when the
-   rebase.abbreviateCommands configuration was set.
-   (merge de9f1d3ef4 ag/rebase-merge-allow-ff-under-abbrev-command later to maint).
-
- * The logic to auto-follow tags by "git clone --single-branch" was
-   not careful to avoid lazy-fetching unnecessary tags, which has been
-   corrected.
-   (merge 167a575e2d jk/use-quick-lookup-in-clone-for-tag-following later to maint).
-
- * "git rebase -i" did not leave the reflog entries correctly.
-   (merge 1f6965f994 en/sequencer-reflog-action later to maint).
-
- * The more aggressive updates to remote-tracking branches we had for
-   the past 7 years or so were not reflected in the documentation,
-   which has been corrected.
-   (merge a44088435c pb/pull-fetch-doc later to maint).
-
- * We've left the command line parsing of "git log :/a/b/" broken for
-   about a full year without anybody noticing, which has been
-   corrected.
-   (merge 0220461071 jc/missing-ref-store-fix later to maint).
-
- * Misc fixes for Windows.
-   (merge 3efc128cd5 js/mingw-fixes later to maint).
-
- * "git rebase" (again) learns to honor "--no-keep-empty", which lets
-   the user to discard commits that are empty from the beginning (as
-   opposed to the ones that become empty because of rebasing).  The
-   interactive rebase also marks commits that are empty in the todo.
-   (merge 50ed76148a en/rebase-no-keep-empty later to maint).
-
- * Parsing the host part out of URL for the credential helper has been corrected.
-   (merge 4c5971e18a jk/credential-parsing-end-of-host-in-URL later to maint).
-
- * Document the recommended way to abort a failing test early (e.g. by
-   exiting a loop), which is to say "return 1".
-   (merge 7cc112dc95 jc/doc-test-leaving-early later to maint).
-
- * The code that refreshes the last access and modified time of
-   on-disk packfiles and loose object files have been updated.
-   (merge 312cd76130 lr/freshen-file-fix later to maint).
-
- * Validation of push certificate has been made more robust against
-   timing attacks.
-   (merge 719483e547 bc/constant-memequal later to maint).
-
- * The custom hash function used by "git fast-import" has been
-   replaced with the one from hashmap.c, which gave us a nice
-   performance boost.
-   (merge d8410a816b jk/fast-import-use-hashmap later to maint).
-
- * The "git submodule" command did not initialize a few variables it
-   internally uses and was affected by variable settings leaked from
-   the environment.
-   (merge 65d100c4dd lx/submodule-clear-variables later to maint).
-
- * Raise the minimum required version of docbook-xsl package to 1.74,
-   as 1.74.0 was from late 2008, which is more than 10 years old, and
-   drop compatibility cruft from our documentation suite.
-   (merge 3c255ad660 ma/doc-discard-docbook-xsl-1.73 later to maint).
-
- * "git log" learns "--[no-]mailmap" as a synonym to "--[no-]use-mailmap"
-   (merge 88acccda38 jc/log-no-mailmap later to maint).
-
- * "git commit-graph write --expire-time=<timestamp>" did not use the
-   given timestamp correctly, which has been corrected.
-   (merge b09b785c78 ds/commit-graph-expiry-fix later to maint).
-
- * Tests update to use "test-chmtime" instead of "touch -t".
-   (merge e892a56845 ds/t5319-touch-fix later to maint).
-
- * "git diff" in a partial clone learned to avoid lazy loading blob
-   objects in more casese when they are not needed.
-   (merge 95acf11a3d jt/avoid-prefetch-when-able-in-diff later to maint).
-
- * "git push --atomic" used to show failures for refs that weren't
-   even pushed, which has been corrected.
-   (merge dfe1b7f19c jx/atomic-push later to maint).
-
- * Code in builtin/*, i.e. those can only be called from within
-   built-in subcommands, that implements bulk of a couple of
-   subcommands have been moved to libgit.a so that they could be used
-   by others.
-   (merge 9460fd48b5 dl/libify-a-few later to maint).
-
- * Allowing the user to split a patch hunk while "git stash -p" does
-   not work well; a band-aid has been added to make this (partially)
-   work better.
-
- * "git diff-tree --pretty --notes" used to hit an assertion failure,
-   as it forgot to initialize the notes subsystem.
-   (merge 5778b22b3d tb/diff-tree-with-notes later to maint).
-
- * "git range-diff" fixes.
-   (merge 8d1675eb7f vd/range-diff-with-custom-pretty-format-fix later to maint).
-
- * "git grep" did not quote a path with unusual character like other
-   commands (like "git diff", "git status") do, but did quote when run
-   from a subdirectory, both of which has been corrected.
-   (merge 45115d8490 mt/grep-cquote-path later to maint).
-
- * GNU/Hurd is also among the ones that need the fopen() wrapper.
-   (merge 274a1328fb jc/gnu-hurd-lets-fread-read-dirs later to maint).
-
- * Those fetching over protocol v2 from linux-next and other kernel
-   repositories are reporting that v2 often fetches way too much than
-   needed.
-   (merge 11c7f2a30b jn/demote-proto2-from-default later to maint).
-
- * The upload-pack protocol v2 gave up too early before finding a
-   common ancestor, resulting in a wasteful fetch from a fork of a
-   project.  This has been corrected to match the behaviour of v0
-   protocol.
-   (merge 2f0a093dd6 jt/v2-fetch-nego-fix later to maint).
-
- * The build procedure did not use the libcurl library and its include
-   files correctly for a custom-built installation.
-   (merge 0573831950 jk/build-with-right-curl later to maint).
-
- * Tighten "git mailinfo" to notice and error out when decoded result
-   contains NUL in it.
-   (merge 3919997447 dd/mailinfo-with-nul later to maint).
-
- * Fix in-core inconsistency after fetching into a shallow repository
-   that broke the code to write out commit-graph.
-   (merge 37b9dcabfc tb/reset-shallow later to maint).
-
- * The commit-graph code exhausted file descriptors easily when it
-   does not have to.
-   (merge c8828530b7 tb/commit-graph-fd-exhaustion-fix later to maint).
-
- * The multi-pack-index left mmapped file descriptors open when it
-   does not have to.
-   (merge 6c7ff7cf7f ds/multi-pack-index later to maint).
-
- * Recent update to Homebrew used by macOS folks breaks build by
-   moving gettext library and necessary headers.
-   (merge a0b3108618 ds/build-homebrew-gettext-fix later to maint).
-
- * Incompatible options "--root" and "--fork-point" of "git rebase"
-   have been marked and documented as being incompatible.
-   (merge a35413c378 en/rebase-root-and-fork-point-are-incompatible later to maint).
-
- * Error and verbose trace messages from "git push" did not redact
-   credential material embedded in URLs.
-   (merge d192fa5006 js/anonymise-push-url-in-errors later to maint).
-
- * Update the parser used for credential.<URL>.<variable>
-   configuration, to handle <URL>s with '/' in them correctly.
-   (merge b44d0118ac bc/wildcard-credential later to maint).
-
- * Recent updates broke parsing of "credential.<url>.<key>" where
-   <url> is not a full URL (e.g. [credential "https://"] helper = ...)
-   stopped working, which has been corrected.
-   (merge 9a121b0d22 js/partial-urlmatch-2.17 later to maint).
-   (merge cd93e6c029 js/partial-urlmatch later to maint).
-
- * Some of the files commit-graph subsystem keeps on disk did not
-   correctly honor the core.sharedRepository settings and some were
-   left read-write.
-
- * In error messages that "git switch" mentions its option to create a
-   new branch, "-b/-B" options were shown, where "-c/-C" options
-   should be, which has been corrected.
-   (merge 7c16ef7577 dl/switch-c-option-in-error-message later to maint).
-
- * With the recent tightening of the code that is used to parse
-   various parts of a URL for use in the credential subsystem, a
-   hand-edited credential-store file causes the credential helper to
-   die, which is a bit too harsh to the users.  Demote the error
-   behaviour to just ignore and keep using well-formed lines instead.
-   (merge c03859a665 cb/credential-store-ignore-bogus-lines later to maint).
-
- * The samples in the credential documentation has been updated to
-   make it clear that we depict what would appear in the .git/config
-   file, by adding appropriate quotes as needed..
-   (merge 177681a07e jk/credential-sample-update later to maint).
-
- * "git branch" and other "for-each-ref" variants accepted multiple
-   --sort=<key> options in the increasing order of precedence, but it
-   had a few breakages around "--ignore-case" handling, and tie-breaking
-   with the refname, which have been fixed.
-   (merge 7c5045fc18 jk/for-each-ref-multi-key-sort-fix later to maint).
-
- * The coding guideline for shell scripts instructed to refer to a
-   variable with dollar-sign inside arithmetic expansion to work
-   around a bug in old versions of dash, which is a thing of the past.
-   Now we are not forbidden from writing $((var+1)).
-   (merge 32b5fe7f0e jk/arith-expansion-coding-guidelines later to maint).
-
- * The <stdlib.h> header on NetBSD brings in its own definition of
-   hmac() function (eek), which conflicts with our own and unrelated
-   function with the same name.  Our function has been renamed to work
-   around the issue.
-   (merge 3013118eb8 cb/avoid-colliding-with-netbsd-hmac later to maint).
-
- * The basic test did not honor $TEST_SHELL_PATH setting, which has
-   been corrected.
-   (merge 0555e4af58 cb/t0000-use-the-configured-shell later to maint).
-
- * Minor in-code comments and documentation updates around credential
-   API.
-   (merge 1aed817f99 cb/credential-doc-fixes later to maint).
-
- * Teach "am", "commit", "merge" and "rebase", when they are run with
-   the "--quiet" option, to pass "--quiet" down to "gc --auto".
-   (merge 7c3e9e8cfb jc/auto-gc-quiet later to maint).
-
- * The code to skip unmerged paths in the index when sparse checkout
-   is in use would have made out-of-bound access of the in-core index
-   when the last path was unmerged, which has been corrected.
-
- * Serving a "git fetch" client over "git://" and "ssh://" protocols
-   using the on-wire protocol version 2 was buggy on the server end
-   when the client needs to make a follow-up request to
-   e.g. auto-follow tags.
-   (merge 08450ef791 cc/upload-pack-v2-fetch-fix later to maint).
-
- * "git bisect replay" had trouble with input files when they used
-   CRLF line ending, which has been corrected.
-   (merge 6c722cbe5a cw/bisect-replay-with-dos later to maint).
-
- * "rebase -i" segfaulted when rearranging a sequence that has a
-   fix-up that applies another fix-up (which may or may not be a
-   fix-up of yet another step).
-   (merge 02471e7e20 js/rebase-autosquash-double-fixup-fix later to maint).
-
- * "git fsck" ensures that the paths recorded in tree objects are
-   sorted and without duplicates, but it failed to notice a case where
-   a blob is followed by entries that sort before a tree with the same
-   name.  This has been corrected.
-   (merge 9068cfb20f rs/fsck-duplicate-names-in-trees later to maint).
-
- * Code clean-up by removing a compatibility implementation of a
-   function we no longer use.
-   (merge 84b0115f0d cb/no-more-gmtime later to maint).
-
- * When a binary file gets modified and renamed on both sides of history
-   to different locations, both files would be written to the working
-   tree but both would have the contents from "ours".  This has been
-   corrected so that the path from each side gets their original content.
-
- * Fix for a copy-and-paste error introduced during 2.20 era.
-   (merge e68a5272b1 ds/multi-pack-verify later to maint).
-
- * Update an unconditional use of "grep -a" with a perl script in a test.
-   (merge 1eb7371236 dd/t5703-grep-a-fix later to maint).
-
- * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
-   (merge 564956f358 jc/maintain-doc later to maint).
-   (merge 7422b2a0a1 sg/commit-slab-clarify-peek later to maint).
-   (merge 9c688735f6 rs/doc-passthru-fetch-options later to maint).
-   (merge 757c2ba3e2 en/oidset-uninclude-hashmap later to maint).
-   (merge 8312aa7d74 jc/config-tar later to maint).
-   (merge d00a5bdd50 ss/submodule-foreach-cb later to maint).
-   (merge 64d1022e14 ar/test-style-fixes later to maint).
-   (merge 4a465443a6 ds/doc-clone-filter later to maint).
-   (merge bb2dbe301b jk/t3419-drop-expensive-tests later to maint).
-   (merge d3507cc712 js/test-junit-finalization-fix later to maint).
-   (merge 2149b6748f bc/faq later to maint).
-   (merge 12dc0879f1 jk/test-cleanup later to maint).
-   (merge 344420bf0f pb/rebase-doc-typofix later to maint).
-   (merge 7cd54d37dc dl/wrapper-fix-indentation later to maint).
-   (merge 78725ebda9 jc/allow-strlen-substitution-in-shell-scripts later to maint).
-   (merge 2ecfcdecc6 jm/gitweb-fastcgi-utf8 later to maint).
-   (merge 0740d0a5d3 jk/oid-array-cleanups later to maint).
-   (merge a1aba0c95c js/t0007-typofix later to maint).
-   (merge 76ba7fa225 ma/config-doc-fix later to maint).
-   (merge 826f0c0df2 js/subtree-doc-update-to-asciidoctor-2 later to maint).
-   (merge 88eaf361e0 eb/mboxrd-doc later to maint).
-   (merge 051cc54941 tm/zsh-complete-switch-restore later to maint).
-   (merge 39102cf4fe ms/doc-revision-illustration-fix later to maint).
-   (merge 4d9378bfad eb/gitweb-more-trailers later to maint).
-   (merge bdccbf7047 mt/doc-worktree-ref later to maint).
-   (merge ce9baf234f dl/push-recurse-submodules-fix later to maint).
-   (merge 4153274052 bc/doc-credential-helper-value later to maint).
-   (merge 5c7bb0146e jc/codingstyle-compare-with-null later to maint).

Documentation/RelNotes/2.28.0.txt

@@ -1,243 +0,0 @@
-Git 2.28 Release Notes
-======================
-
-Updates since v2.27
--------------------
-
-Backward compatibility notes
-
- * "fetch.writeCommitGraph" is deemed to be still a bit too risky and
-   is no longer part of the "feature.experimental" set.
-
- * It used to be that setting extensions.* configuration variables
-   alone, while leaving core.repositoryFormatVersion=0, made these
-   settings effective, which was a wrong thing to do.  In version 0,
-   there was no special meaning in extensions.* configuration
-   variables.  This has been corrected.  If you need these repository
-   extensions to be effective, the core.repositoryFormatVersion
-   variable needs to be updated to 1 after vetting these extensions.*
-   variables are set correctly.
-
-
-UI, Workflows & Features
-
- * The commands in the "diff" family learned to honor "diff.relative"
-   configuration variable.
-
- * The check in "git fsck" to ensure that the tree objects are sorted
-   still had corner cases it missed unsorted entries.
-
- * The interface to redact sensitive information in the trace output
-   has been simplified.
-
- * The command line completion (in contrib/) learned to complete
-   options that the "git switch" command takes.
-
- * "git diff" used to take arguments in random and nonsense range
-   notation, e.g. "git diff A..B C", "git diff A..B C...D", etc.,
-   which has been cleaned up.
-
- * "git diff-files" has been taught to say paths that are marked as
-   intent-to-add are new files, not modified from an empty blob.
-
- * "git status" learned to report the status of sparse checkout.
-
- * "git difftool" has trouble dealing with paths added to the index
-   with the intent-to-add bit.
-
- * "git fast-export --anonymize" learned to take customized mapping to
-   allow its users to tweak its output more usable for debugging.
-
- * The command line completion support (in contrib/) used to be
-   prepared to work with "set -u" but recent changes got a bit more
-   sloppy.  This has been corrected.
-
-
-Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
-
- * Code optimization for a common case.
-   (merge 8777616e4d an/merge-single-strategy-optim later to maint).
-
- * We've adopted a convention that any on-stack structure can be
-   initialized to have zero values in all fields with "= { 0 }",
-   even when the first field happens to be a pointer, but sparse
-   complained that a null pointer should be spelled NULL for a long
-   time.  Start using -Wno-universal-initializer option to squelch
-   it (the latest sparse has it on by default).
-
- * "git log -L..." now takes advantage of the "which paths are touched
-   by this commit?" info stored in the commit-graph system.
-
- * As FreeBSD is not the only platform whose regexp library reports
-   a REG_ILLSEQ error when fed invalid UTF-8, add logic to detect that
-   automatically and skip the affected tests.
-
- * "git bugreport" learns to report what shell is in use.
-
- * Support for GIT_CURL_VERBOSE has been rewritten in terms of
-   GIT_TRACE_CURL.
-
- * Preliminary clean-ups around refs API, plus file format
-   specification documentation for the reftable backend.
-
- * Workaround breakage in MSVC build, where "curl-config --cflags"
-   gives settings appropriate for GCC build.
-
- * Code clean-up of "git clean" resulted in a fix of recent
-   performance regression.
-
- * Code clean-up in the codepath that serves "git fetch" continues.
-
- * "git merge-base --is-ancestor" is taught to take advantage of the
-   commit graph.
-
- * Rewrite of parts of the scripted "git submodule" Porcelain command
-   continues; this time it is "git submodule set-branch" subcommand's
-   turn.
-
- * The "fetch/clone" protocol has been updated to allow the server to
-   instruct the clients to grab pre-packaged packfile(s) in addition
-   to the packed object data coming over the wire.
-
- * A misdesigned strbuf_write_fd() function has been retired.
-
- * SHA-256 migration work continues, including CVS/SVN interface.
-
- * A few fields in "struct commit" that do not have to always be
-   present have been moved to commit slabs.
-
- * API cleanup for get_worktrees()
-
- * By renumbering object flag bits, "struct object" managed to lose
-   bloated inter-field padding.
-
- * The name of the primary branch in existing repositories, and the
-   default name used for the first branch in newly created
-   repositories, is made configurable, so that we can eventually wean
-   ourselves off of the hardcoded 'master'.
-
- * The effort to avoid using test_must_fail on non-git command continues.
-
- * In 2.28-rc0, we corrected a bug that some repository extensions are
-   honored by mistake even in a version 0 repositories (these
-   configuration variables in extensions.* namespace were supposed to
-   have special meaning in repositories whose version numbers are 1 or
-   higher), but this was a bit too big a change.  The behaviour in
-   recent versions of Git where certaion extensions.* were honored by
-   mistake even in version 0 repositories has been restored.
-
-
-Fixes since v2.27
------------------
-
- * The "--prepare-p4-only" option of "git p4" is supposed to stop
-   after replaying one changeset, but kept going (by mistake?)
-
- * The error message from "git checkout -b foo -t bar baz" was
-   confusing.
-
- * Some repositories in the wild have commits that record nonsense
-   committer timezone (e.g. rails.git); "git fast-import" learned an
-   option to pass these nonsense timestamps intact to allow recreating
-   existing repositories as-is.
-   (merge d42a2fb72f en/fast-import-looser-date later to maint).
-
- * The command line completion script (in contrib/) tried to complete
-   "git stash -p" as if it were "git stash push -p", but it was too
-   aggressive and also affected "git stash show -p", which has been
-   corrected.
-   (merge fffd0cf520 vs/complete-stash-show-p-fix later to maint).
-
- * On-the-wire protocol v2 easily falls into a deadlock between the
-   remote-curl helper and the fetch-pack process when the server side
-   prematurely throws an error and disconnects.  The communication has
-   been updated to make it more robust.
-
- * "git checkout -p" did not handle a newly added path at all.
-   (merge 2c8bd8471a js/checkout-p-new-file later to maint).
-
- * The code to parse "git bisect start" command line was lax in
-   validating the arguments.
-   (merge 4d9005ff5d cb/bisect-helper-parser-fix later to maint).
-
- * Reduce memory usage during "diff --quiet" in a worktree with too
-   many stat-unmatched paths.
-   (merge d2d7fbe129 jk/diff-memuse-optim-with-stat-unmatch later to maint).
-
- * The reflog entries for "git clone" and "git fetch" did not
-   anonymize the URL they operated on.
-   (merge 46da295a77 js/reflog-anonymize-for-clone-and-fetch later to maint).
-
- * The behaviour of "sparse-checkout" in the state "git clone
-   --no-checkout" left was changed accidentally in 2.27, which has
-   been corrected.
-
- * Use of negative pathspec, while collecting paths including
-   untracked ones in the working tree, was broken.
-
- * The same worktree directory must be registered only once, but
-   "git worktree move" allowed this invariant to be violated, which
-   has been corrected.
-   (merge 810382ed37 es/worktree-duplicate-paths later to maint).
-
- * The effect of sparse checkout settings on submodules is documented.
-   (merge e7d7c73249 en/sparse-with-submodule-doc later to maint).
-
- * Code clean-up around "git branch" with a minor bugfix.
-   (merge dc44639904 dl/branch-cleanup later to maint).
-
- * A branch name used in a test has been clarified to match what is
-   going on.
-   (merge 08dc26061f pb/t4014-unslave later to maint).
-
- * An in-code comment in "git diff" has been updated.
-   (merge c592fd4c83 dl/diff-usage-comment-update later to maint).
-
- * The documentation and some tests have been adjusted for the recent
-   renaming of "pu" branch to "seen".
-   (merge 6dca5dbf93 js/pu-to-seen later to maint).
-
- * The code to push changes over "dumb" HTTP had a bad interaction
-   with the commit reachability code due to incorrect allocation of
-   object flag bits, which has been corrected.
-   (merge 64472d15e9 bc/http-push-flagsfix later to maint).
-
- * "git send-email --in-reply-to=<msg>" did not use the In-Reply-To:
-   header with the value given from the command line, and let it be
-   overridden by the value on In-Reply-To: header in the messages
-   being sent out (if exists).
-   (merge f9f60d7066 ra/send-email-in-reply-to-from-command-line-wins later to maint).
-
- * "git log -Lx,y:path --before=date" lost track of where the range
-   should be because it didn't take the changes made by the youngest
-   commits that are omitted from the output into account.
-
- * When "fetch.writeCommitGraph" configuration is set in a shallow
-   repository and a fetch moves the shallow boundary, we wrote out
-   broken commit-graph files that do not match the reality, which has
-   been corrected.
-
- * "git checkout" failed to catch an error from fstat() after updating
-   a path in the working tree.
-   (merge 35e6e212fd mt/entry-fstat-fallback-fix later to maint).
-
- * When an aliased command, whose output is piped to a pager by git,
-   gets killed by a signal, the pager got into a funny state, which
-   has been corrected (again).
-   (merge c0d73a59c9 ta/wait-on-aliased-commands-upon-signal later to maint).
-
- * The code to produce progress output from "git commit-graph --write"
-   had a few breakages, which have been fixed.
-
- * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
-   (merge 2c31a7aa44 jx/pkt-line-doc-count-fix later to maint).
-   (merge d63ae31962 cb/t5608-cleanup later to maint).
-   (merge 788db145c7 dl/t-readme-spell-git-correctly later to maint).
-   (merge 45a87a83bb dl/python-2.7-is-the-floor-version later to maint).
-   (merge b75a219904 es/advertise-contribution-doc later to maint).
-   (merge 0c9a4f638a rs/pull-leakfix later to maint).
-   (merge d546fe2874 rs/commit-reach-leakfix later to maint).
-   (merge 087bf5409c mk/pb-pretty-email-without-domain-part-fix later to maint).
-   (merge 5f4ee57ad9 es/worktree-code-cleanup later to maint).
-   (merge 0172f7834a cc/cat-file-usage-update later to maint).
-   (merge 81de0c01cf ma/rebase-doc-typofix later to maint).

Documentation/SubmittingPatches

@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@ Submitting Patches
 
 == Guidelines
 
-Here are some guidelines for people who want to contribute their code to this
+Here are some guidelines for people who want to contribute their code
-software. There is also a link:MyFirstContribution.html[step-by-step tutorial]
+to this software.
-available which covers many of these same guidelines.
 
 [[base-branch]]
 === Decide what to base your work on.
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ change is relevant to.
   base your work on the tip of the topic.
 
 * A new feature should be based on `master` in general. If the new
-  feature depends on a topic that is in `seen`, but not in `master`,
+  feature depends on a topic that is in `pu`, but not in `master`,
   base your work on the tip of that topic.
 
 * Corrections and enhancements to a topic not yet in `master` should
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ change is relevant to.
   into the series.
 
 * In the exceptional case that a new feature depends on several topics
-  not in `master`, start working on `next` or `seen` privately and send
+  not in `master`, start working on `next` or `pu` privately and send
   out patches for discussion. Before the final merge, you may have to
   wait until some of the dependent topics graduate to `master`, and
   rebase your work.
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ change is relevant to.
   these parts should be based on their trees.
 
 To find the tip of a topic branch, run `git log --first-parent
-master..seen` and look for the merge commit. The second parent of this
+master..pu` and look for the merge commit. The second parent of this
 commit is the tip of the topic branch.
 
 [[separate-commits]]
@@ -424,7 +423,7 @@ help you find out who they are.
   and cooked further and eventually graduates to `master`.
 
 In any time between the (2)-(3) cycle, the maintainer may pick it up
-from the list and queue it to `seen`, in order to make it easier for
+from the list and queue it to `pu`, in order to make it easier for
 people play with it without having to pick up and apply the patch to
 their trees themselves.
 
@@ -435,7 +434,7 @@ their trees themselves.
   master. `git pull --rebase` will automatically skip already-applied
   patches, and will let you know. This works only if you rebase on top
   of the branch in which your patch has been merged (i.e. it will not
-  tell you if your patch is merged in `seen` if you rebase on top of
+  tell you if your patch is merged in pu if you rebase on top of
   master).
 
 * Read the Git mailing list, the maintainer regularly posts messages

Documentation/asciidoc.conf

@@ -31,6 +31,24 @@ ifdef::backend-docbook[]
 endif::backend-docbook[]
 
 ifdef::backend-docbook[]
+ifndef::git-asciidoc-no-roff[]
+# "unbreak" docbook-xsl v1.68 for manpages. v1.69 works with or without this.
+# v1.72 breaks with this because it replaces dots not in roff requests.
+[listingblock]
+<example><title>{title}</title>
+<literallayout class="monospaced">
+ifdef::doctype-manpage[]
+&#10;.ft C&#10;
+endif::doctype-manpage[]
+|
+ifdef::doctype-manpage[]
+&#10;.ft&#10;
+endif::doctype-manpage[]
+</literallayout>
+{title#}</example>
+endif::git-asciidoc-no-roff[]
+
+ifdef::git-asciidoc-no-roff[]
 ifdef::doctype-manpage[]
 # The following two small workarounds insert a simple paragraph after screen
 [listingblock]
@@ -49,6 +67,7 @@ ifdef::doctype-manpage[]
 {title#}</para></formalpara>
 {title%}<simpara></simpara>
 endif::doctype-manpage[]
+endif::git-asciidoc-no-roff[]
 endif::backend-docbook[]
 
 ifdef::doctype-manpage[]

Documentation/config.txt

@@ -3,12 +3,11 @@ CONFIGURATION FILE
 
 The Git configuration file contains a number of variables that affect
 the Git commands' behavior. The files `.git/config` and optionally
-`config.worktree` (see the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of
+`config.worktree` (see `extensions.worktreeConfig` below) in each
-linkgit:git-worktree[1]) in each repository are used to store the
+repository are used to store the configuration for that repository, and
-configuration for that repository, and `$HOME/.gitconfig` is used to
+`$HOME/.gitconfig` is used to store a per-user configuration as
-store a per-user configuration as fallback values for the `.git/config`
+fallback values for the `.git/config` file. The file `/etc/gitconfig`
-file. The file `/etc/gitconfig` can be used to store a system-wide
+can be used to store a system-wide default configuration.
-default configuration.
 
 The configuration variables are used by both the Git plumbing
 and the porcelains. The variables are divided into sections, wherein
@@ -221,13 +220,13 @@ Example
 ; affected by the condition
 [includeIf "gitdir:/path/to/group/"]
 	path = foo.inc
-
-; include only if we are in a worktree where foo-branch is
-; currently checked out
-[includeIf "onbranch:foo-branch"]
-	path = foo.inc
 ----
 
+	; include only if we are in a worktree where foo-branch is
+	; currently checked out
+	[includeIf "onbranch:foo-branch"]
+		path = foo.inc
+
 Values
 ~~~~~~
 
@@ -264,9 +263,7 @@ color::
 +
 The basic colors accepted are `normal`, `black`, `red`, `green`, `yellow`,
 `blue`, `magenta`, `cyan` and `white`.  The first color given is the
-foreground; the second is the background.  All the basic colors except
+foreground; the second is the background.
-`normal` have a bright variant that can be speficied by prefixing the
-color with `bright`, like `brightred`.
 +
 Colors may also be given as numbers between 0 and 255; these use ANSI
 256-color mode (but note that not all terminals may support this).  If
@@ -448,8 +445,6 @@ include::config/submodule.txt[]
 
 include::config/tag.txt[]
 
-include::config/tar.txt[]
-
 include::config/trace2.txt[]
 
 include::config/transfer.txt[]

Documentation/config/advice.txt

@@ -110,10 +110,4 @@ advice.*::
 	submoduleAlternateErrorStrategyDie::
 		Advice shown when a submodule.alternateErrorStrategy option
 		configured to "die" causes a fatal error.
-	addIgnoredFile::
-		Advice shown if a user attempts to add an ignored file to
-		the index.
-	addEmptyPathspec::
-		Advice shown if a user runs the add command without providing
-		the pathspec parameter.
 --

Documentation/config/branch.txt

@@ -81,16 +81,15 @@ branch.<name>.rebase::
 	"git pull" is run. See "pull.rebase" for doing this in a non
 	branch-specific manner.
 +
-When `merges` (or just 'm'), pass the `--rebase-merges` option to 'git rebase'
+When `merges`, pass the `--rebase-merges` option to 'git rebase'
 so that the local merge commits are included in the rebase (see
 linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details).
 +
-When `preserve` (or just 'p', deprecated in favor of `merges`), also pass
+When `preserve` (deprecated in favor of `merges`), also pass
 `--preserve-merges` along to 'git rebase' so that locally committed merge
 commits will not be flattened by running 'git pull'.
 +
-When the value is `interactive` (or just 'i'), the rebase is run in interactive
+When the value is `interactive`, the rebase is run in interactive mode.
-mode.
 +
 *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
 it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1]

Documentation/config/core.txt

@@ -68,17 +68,6 @@ core.fsmonitor::
 	avoiding unnecessary processing of files that have not changed.
 	See the "fsmonitor-watchman" section of linkgit:githooks[5].
 
-core.fsmonitorHookVersion::
-	Sets the version of hook that is to be used when calling fsmonitor.
-	There are currently versions 1 and 2. When this is not set,
-	version 2 will be tried first and if it fails then version 1
-	will be tried. Version 1 uses a timestamp as input to determine
-	which files have changes since that time but some monitors
-	like watchman have race conditions when used with a timestamp.
-	Version 2 uses an opaque string so that the monitor can return
-	something that can be used to determine what files have changed
-	without race conditions.
-
 core.trustctime::
 	If false, the ctime differences between the index and the
 	working tree are ignored; useful when the inode change time

Documentation/config/credential.txt

@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
 credential.helper::
 	Specify an external helper to be called when a username or
 	password credential is needed; the helper may consult external
-	storage to avoid prompting the user for the credentials. This is
+	storage to avoid prompting the user for the credentials. Note
-	normally the name of a credential helper with possible
+	that multiple helpers may be defined. See linkgit:gitcredentials[7]
-	arguments, but may also be an absolute path with arguments or, if
+	for details.
-	preceded by `!`, shell commands.
-+
-Note that multiple helpers may be defined. See linkgit:gitcredentials[7]
-for details and examples.
 
 credential.useHttpPath::
 	When acquiring credentials, consider the "path" component of an http

Documentation/config/diff.txt

@@ -105,10 +105,6 @@ diff.mnemonicPrefix::
 diff.noprefix::
 	If set, 'git diff' does not show any source or destination prefix.
 
-diff.relative::
-	If set to 'true', 'git diff' does not show changes outside of the directory
-	and show pathnames relative to the current directory.
-
 diff.orderFile::
 	File indicating how to order files within a diff.
 	See the '-O' option to linkgit:git-diff[1] for details.

Documentation/config/feature.txt

@@ -12,12 +12,19 @@ feature.experimental::
 	setting if you are interested in providing feedback on experimental
 	features. The new default values are:
 +
+* `pack.useSparse=true` uses a new algorithm when constructing a pack-file
+which can improve `git push` performance in repos with many files.
++
 * `fetch.negotiationAlgorithm=skipping` may improve fetch negotiation times by
 skipping more commits at a time, reducing the number of round trips.
 +
-* `protocol.version=2` speeds up fetches from repositories with many refs by
+* `fetch.writeCommitGraph=true` writes a commit-graph after every `git fetch`
-allowing the client to specify which refs to list before the server lists
+command that downloads a pack-file from a remote. Using the `--split` option,
-them.
+most executions will create a very small commit-graph file on top of the
+existing commit-graph file(s). Occasionally, these files will merge and the
+write may take longer. Having an updated commit-graph file helps performance
+of many Git commands, including `git merge-base`, `git push -f`, and
+`git log --graph`.
 
 feature.manyFiles::
 	Enable config options that optimize for repos with many files in the

Documentation/config/fetch.txt

@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 fetch.recurseSubmodules::
-	This option controls whether `git fetch` (and the underlying fetch
+	This option can be either set to a boolean value or to 'on-demand'.
-	in `git pull`) will recursively fetch into populated submodules.
-	This option can be set either to a boolean value or to 'on-demand'.
 	Setting it to a boolean changes the behavior of fetch and pull to
-	recurse unconditionally into submodules when set to true or to not
+	unconditionally recurse into submodules when set to true or to not
-	recurse at all when set to false. When set to 'on-demand', fetch and
+	recurse at all when set to false. When set to 'on-demand' (the default
-	pull will only recurse into a populated submodule when its
+	value), fetch and pull will only recurse into a populated submodule
-	superproject retrieves a commit that updates the submodule's
+	when its superproject retrieves a commit that updates the submodule's
 	reference.
-	Defaults to 'on-demand', or to the value of 'submodule.recurse' if set.
 
 fetch.fsckObjects::
 	If it is set to true, git-fetch-pack will check all fetched
@@ -90,4 +87,5 @@ fetch.writeCommitGraph::
 	the existing commit-graph file(s). Occasionally, these files will
 	merge and the write may take longer. Having an updated commit-graph
 	file helps performance of many Git commands, including `git merge-base`,
-	`git push -f`, and `git log --graph`. Defaults to false.
+	`git push -f`, and `git log --graph`. Defaults to false, unless
+	`feature.experimental` is true.

Documentation/config/format.txt

@@ -57,11 +57,6 @@ format.suffix::
 	`.patch`. Use this variable to change that suffix (make sure to
 	include the dot if you want it).
 
-format.encodeEmailHeaders::
-	Encode email headers that have non-ASCII characters with
-	"Q-encoding" (described in RFC 2047) for email transmission.
-	Defaults to true.
-
 format.pretty::
 	The default pretty format for log/show/whatchanged command,
 	See linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-show[1],

Documentation/config/gpg.txt

@@ -18,18 +18,3 @@ gpg.<format>.program::
 	chose. (see `gpg.program` and `gpg.format`) `gpg.program` can still
 	be used as a legacy synonym for `gpg.openpgp.program`. The default
 	value for `gpg.x509.program` is "gpgsm".
-
-gpg.minTrustLevel::
-	Specifies a minimum trust level for signature verification.  If
-	this option is unset, then signature verification for merge
-	operations require a key with at least `marginal` trust.  Other
-	operations that perform signature verification require a key
-	with at least `undefined` trust.  Setting this option overrides
-	the required trust-level for all operations.  Supported values,
-	in increasing order of significance:
-+
-* `undefined`
-* `never`
-* `marginal`
-* `fully`
-* `ultimate`

Documentation/config/http.txt

@@ -29,27 +29,6 @@ http.proxyAuthMethod::
 * `ntlm` - NTLM authentication (compare the --ntlm option of `curl(1)`)
 --
 
-http.proxySSLCert::
-	The pathname of a file that stores a client certificate to use to authenticate
-	with an HTTPS proxy. Can be overridden by the `GIT_PROXY_SSL_CERT` environment
-	variable.
-
-http.proxySSLKey::
-	The pathname of a file that stores a private key to use to authenticate with
-	an HTTPS proxy. Can be overridden by the `GIT_PROXY_SSL_KEY` environment
-	variable.
-
-http.proxySSLCertPasswordProtected::
-	Enable Git's password prompt for the proxy SSL certificate.  Otherwise OpenSSL
-	will prompt the user, possibly many times, if the certificate or private key
-	is encrypted. Can be overriden by the `GIT_PROXY_SSL_CERT_PASSWORD_PROTECTED`
-	environment variable.
-
-http.proxySSLCAInfo::
-	Pathname to the file containing the certificate bundle that should be used to
-	verify the proxy with when using an HTTPS proxy. Can be overriden by the
-	`GIT_PROXY_SSL_CAINFO` environment variable.
-
 http.emptyAuth::
 	Attempt authentication without seeking a username or password.  This
 	can be used to attempt GSS-Negotiate authentication without specifying

Documentation/config/init.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
 init.templateDir::
 	Specify the directory from which templates will be copied.
 	(See the "TEMPLATE DIRECTORY" section of linkgit:git-init[1].)
-
-init.defaultBranch::
-	Allows overriding the default branch name e.g. when initializing
-	a new repository or when cloning an empty repository.

Documentation/config/log.txt

@@ -18,12 +18,6 @@ log.decorate::
 	names are shown. This is the same as the `--decorate` option
 	of the `git log`.
 
-log.excludeDecoration::
-	Exclude the specified patterns from the log decorations. This is
-	similar to the `--decorate-refs-exclude` command-line option, but
-	the config option can be overridden by the `--decorate-refs`
-	option.
-
 log.follow::
 	If `true`, `git log` will act as if the `--follow` option was used when
 	a single <path> is given.  This has the same limitations as `--follow`,

Documentation/config/merge.txt

@@ -70,16 +70,6 @@ merge.stat::
 	Whether to print the diffstat between ORIG_HEAD and the merge result
 	at the end of the merge.  True by default.
 
-merge.autoStash::
-	When set to true, automatically create a temporary stash entry
-	before the operation begins, and apply it after the operation
-	ends.  This means that you can run merge on a dirty worktree.
-	However, use with care: the final stash application after a
-	successful merge might result in non-trivial conflicts.
-	This option can be overridden by the `--no-autostash` and
-	`--autostash` options of linkgit:git-merge[1].
-	Defaults to false.
-
 merge.tool::
 	Controls which merge tool is used by linkgit:git-mergetool[1].
 	The list below shows the valid built-in values.

Documentation/config/pack.txt

@@ -27,13 +27,6 @@ Note that changing the compression level will not automatically recompress
 all existing objects. You can force recompression by passing the -F option
 to linkgit:git-repack[1].
 
-pack.allowPackReuse::
-	When true, and when reachability bitmaps are enabled,
-	pack-objects will try to send parts of the bitmapped packfile
-	verbatim. This can reduce memory and CPU usage to serve fetches,
-	but might result in sending a slightly larger pack. Defaults to
-	true.
-
 pack.island::
 	An extended regular expression configuring a set of delta
 	islands. See "DELTA ISLANDS" in linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]
@@ -119,8 +112,8 @@ pack.useSparse::
 	objects. This can have significant performance benefits when
 	computing a pack to send a small change. However, it is possible
 	that extra objects are added to the pack-file if the included
-	commits contain certain types of direct renames. Default is
+	commits contain certain types of direct renames. Default is `false`
-	`true`.
+	unless `feature.experimental` is enabled.
 
 pack.writeBitmaps (deprecated)::
 	This is a deprecated synonym for `repack.writeBitmaps`.

Documentation/config/protocol.txt

@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ The protocol names currently used by git are:
 --
 
 protocol.version::
-	If set, clients will attempt to communicate with a server
+	Experimental. If set, clients will attempt to communicate with a
-	using the specified protocol version.  If the server does
+	server using the specified protocol version.  If unset, no
-	not support it, communication falls back to version 0.
+	attempt will be made by the client to communicate using a
-	If unset, the default is `0`, unless `feature.experimental`
+	particular protocol version, this results in protocol version 0
-	is enabled, in which case the default is `2`.
+	being used.
 	Supported versions:
 +
 --

Documentation/config/pull.txt

@@ -14,16 +14,15 @@ pull.rebase::
 	pull" is run. See "branch.<name>.rebase" for setting this on a
 	per-branch basis.
 +
-When `merges` (or just 'm'), pass the `--rebase-merges` option to 'git rebase'
+When `merges`, pass the `--rebase-merges` option to 'git rebase'
 so that the local merge commits are included in the rebase (see
 linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details).
 +
-When `preserve` (or just 'p', deprecated in favor of `merges`), also pass
+When `preserve` (deprecated in favor of `merges`), also pass
 `--preserve-merges` along to 'git rebase' so that locally committed merge
 commits will not be flattened by running 'git pull'.
 +
-When the value is `interactive` (or just 'i'), the rebase is run in interactive
+When the value is `interactive`, the rebase is run in interactive mode.
-mode.
 +
 *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
 it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1]

Documentation/config/push.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 push.default::
 	Defines the action `git push` should take if no refspec is
-	given (whether from the command-line, config, or elsewhere).
+	explicitly given.  Different values are well-suited for
-	Different values are well-suited for
 	specific workflows; for instance, in a purely central workflow
 	(i.e. the fetch source is equal to the push destination),
 	`upstream` is probably what you want.  Possible values are:
@@ -9,7 +8,7 @@ push.default::
 --
 
 * `nothing` - do not push anything (error out) unless a refspec is
-  given. This is primarily meant for people who want to
+  explicitly given. This is primarily meant for people who want to
   avoid mistakes by always being explicit.
 
 * `current` - push the current branch to update a branch with the same
@@ -112,5 +111,3 @@ push.recurseSubmodules::
 	is 'no' then default behavior of ignoring submodules when pushing
 	is retained. You may override this configuration at time of push by
 	specifying '--recurse-submodules=check|on-demand|no'.
-	If not set, 'no' is used by default, unless 'submodule.recurse' is
-	set (in which case a 'true' value means 'on-demand').

Documentation/config/rebase.txt

@@ -5,12 +5,6 @@ rebase.useBuiltin::
 	is always used. Setting this will emit a warning, to alert any
 	remaining users that setting this now does nothing.
 
-rebase.backend::
-	Default backend to use for rebasing.  Possible choices are
-	'apply' or 'merge'.  In the future, if the merge backend gains
-	all remaining capabilities of the apply backend, this setting
-	may become unused.
-
 rebase.stat::
 	Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
 	rebase. False by default.

Documentation/config/stash.txt

@@ -1,9 +1,17 @@
 stash.useBuiltin::
-	Unused configuration variable.  Used in Git versions 2.22 to
+       Set to `false` to use the legacy shell script implementation of
-	2.26 as an escape hatch to enable the legacy shellscript
+       linkgit:git-stash[1]. Is `true` by default, which means use
-	implementation of stash.  Now the built-in rewrite of it in C
+       the built-in rewrite of it in C.
-	is always used. Setting this will emit a warning, to alert any
++
-	remaining users that setting this now does nothing.
+The C rewrite is first included with Git version 2.22 (and Git for Windows
+version 2.19). This option serves as an escape hatch to re-enable the
+legacy version in case any bugs are found in the rewrite. This option and
+the shell script version of linkgit:git-stash[1] will be removed in some
+future release.
++
+If you find some reason to set this option to `false`, other than
+one-off testing, you should report the behavior difference as a bug in
+Git (see https://git-scm.com/community for details).
 
 stash.showPatch::
 	If this is set to true, the `git stash show` command without an

Documentation/config/submodule.txt

@@ -59,17 +59,9 @@ submodule.active::
 
 submodule.recurse::
 	Specifies if commands recurse into submodules by default. This
-	applies to all commands that have a `--recurse-submodules` option
+	applies to all commands that have a `--recurse-submodules` option,
-	(`checkout`, `fetch`, `grep`, `pull`, `push`, `read-tree`, `reset`,
+	except `clone`.
-	`restore` and `switch`) except `clone` and `ls-files`.
 	Defaults to false.
-	When set to true, it can be deactivated via the
-	`--no-recurse-submodules` option. Note that some Git commands
-	lacking this option may call some of the above commands affected by
-	`submodule.recurse`; for instance `git remote update` will call
-	`git fetch` but does not have a `--no-recurse-submodules` option.
-	For these commands a workaround is to temporarily change the
-	configuration value by using `git -c submodule.recurse=0`.
 
 submodule.fetchJobs::
 	Specifies how many submodules are fetched/cloned at the same time.

Documentation/config/tag.txt

@@ -15,3 +15,10 @@ tag.gpgSign::
 	convenient to use an agent to avoid typing your gpg passphrase
 	several times. Note that this option doesn't affect tag signing
 	behavior enabled by "-u <keyid>" or "--local-user=<keyid>" options.
+
+tar.umask::
+	This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of
+	tar archive entries.  The default is 0002, which turns off the
+	world write bit.  The special value "user" indicates that the
+	archiving user's umask will be used instead.  See umask(2) and
+	linkgit:git-archive[1].

Documentation/config/tar.txt

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-tar.umask::
-	This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of
-	tar archive entries.  The default is 0002, which turns off the
-	world write bit.  The special value "user" indicates that the
-	archiving user's umask will be used instead.  See umask(2) and
-	linkgit:git-archive[1].

Documentation/config/trace2.txt

@@ -48,15 +48,6 @@ trace2.configParams::
 	May be overridden by the `GIT_TRACE2_CONFIG_PARAMS` environment
 	variable.  Unset by default.
 
-trace2.envVars::
-	A comma-separated list of "important" environment variables that should
-	be recorded in the trace2 output.  For example,
-	`GIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT,GIT_CONFIG` would cause the trace2 output to
-	contain events listing the overrides for HTTP user agent and the
-	location of the Git configuration file (assuming any are set).  May be
-	overriden by the `GIT_TRACE2_ENV_VARS` environment variable.  Unset by
-	default.
-
 trace2.destinationDebug::
 	Boolean.  When true Git will print error messages when a
 	trace target destination cannot be opened for writing.

Documentation/date-formats.txt

@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ RFC 2822::
 ISO 8601::
 	Time and date specified by the ISO 8601 standard, for example
 	`2005-04-07T22:13:13`. The parser accepts a space instead of the
-	`T` character as well. Fractional parts of a second will be ignored,
+	`T` character as well.
-	for example `2005-04-07T22:13:13.019` will be treated as
-	`2005-04-07T22:13:13`.
 +
 NOTE: In addition, the date part is accepted in the following formats:
 `YYYY.MM.DD`, `MM/DD/YYYY` and `DD.MM.YYYY`.

Documentation/diff-options.txt

@@ -643,18 +643,15 @@ ifndef::git-format-patch[]
 -R::
 	Swap two inputs; that is, show differences from index or
 	on-disk file to tree contents.
-endif::git-format-patch[]
 
 --relative[=<path>]::
---no-relative::
 	When run from a subdirectory of the project, it can be
 	told to exclude changes outside the directory and show
 	pathnames relative to it with this option.  When you are
 	not in a subdirectory (e.g. in a bare repository), you
 	can name which subdirectory to make the output relative
 	to by giving a <path> as an argument.
-	`--no-relative` can be used to countermand both `diff.relative` config
+endif::git-format-patch[]
-	option and previous `--relative`.
 
 -a::
 --text::

Documentation/fetch-options.txt

@@ -61,8 +61,10 @@ this option multiple times, one for each matching ref name.
 See also the `fetch.negotiationAlgorithm` configuration variable
 documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
+ifndef::git-pull[]
 --dry-run::
 	Show what would be done, without making any changes.
+endif::git-pull[]
 
 -f::
 --force::
@@ -93,7 +95,6 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
 --[no-]write-commit-graph::
 	Write a commit-graph after fetching. This overrides the config
 	setting `fetch.writeCommitGraph`.
-endif::git-pull[]
 
 -p::
 --prune::
@@ -106,7 +107,6 @@ endif::git-pull[]
 	was cloned with the --mirror option), then they are also
 	subject to pruning. Supplying `--prune-tags` is a shorthand for
 	providing the tag refspec.
-ifndef::git-pull[]
 +
 See the PRUNING section below for more details.
 
@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ endif::git-pull[]
 	behavior for a remote may be specified with the remote.<name>.tagOpt
 	setting. See linkgit:git-config[1].
 
+ifndef::git-pull[]
 --refmap=<refspec>::
 	When fetching refs listed on the command line, use the
 	specified refspec (can be given more than once) to map the
@@ -153,7 +154,6 @@ endif::git-pull[]
 	is used (though tags may be pruned anyway if they are also the
 	destination of an explicit refspec; see `--prune`).
 
-ifndef::git-pull[]
 --recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]::
 	This option controls if and under what conditions new commits of
 	populated submodules should be fetched too. It can be used as a
@@ -163,9 +163,7 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
 	value. Use 'on-demand' to only recurse into a populated submodule
 	when the superproject retrieves a commit that updates the submodule's
 	reference to a commit that isn't already in the local submodule
-	clone. By default, 'on-demand' is used, unless
+	clone.
-	`fetch.recurseSubmodules` is set (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
-endif::git-pull[]
 
 -j::
 --jobs=<n>::
@@ -179,11 +177,9 @@ parallel. To control them independently, use the config settings
 Typically, parallel recursive and multi-remote fetches will be faster. By
 default fetches are performed sequentially, not in parallel.
 
-ifndef::git-pull[]
 --no-recurse-submodules::
 	Disable recursive fetching of submodules (this has the same effect as
 	using the `--recurse-submodules=no` option).
-endif::git-pull[]
 
 --set-upstream::
 	If the remote is fetched successfully, pull and add upstream
@@ -192,7 +188,6 @@ endif::git-pull[]
 	see `branch.<name>.merge` and `branch.<name>.remote` in
 	linkgit:git-config[1].
 
-ifndef::git-pull[]
 --submodule-prefix=<path>::
 	Prepend <path> to paths printed in informative messages
 	such as "Fetching submodule foo".  This option is used
@@ -205,6 +200,7 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
 	recursion (such as settings in linkgit:gitmodules[5] and
 	linkgit:git-config[1]) override this option, as does
 	specifying --[no-]recurse-submodules directly.
+endif::git-pull[]
 
 -u::
 --update-head-ok::
@@ -214,7 +210,6 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
 	to communicate with 'git fetch', and unless you are
 	implementing your own Porcelain you are not supposed to
 	use it.
-endif::git-pull[]
 
 --upload-pack <upload-pack>::
 	When given, and the repository to fetch from is handled

Documentation/git-am.txt

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	 [--exclude=<path>] [--include=<path>] [--reject] [-q | --quiet]
 	 [--[no-]scissors] [-S[<keyid>]] [--patch-format=<format>]
 	 [(<mbox> | <Maildir>)...]
-'git am' (--continue | --skip | --abort | --quit | --show-current-patch[=(diff|raw)])
+'git am' (--continue | --skip | --abort | --quit | --show-current-patch)
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -148,12 +148,9 @@ default.   You can use `--no-utf8` to override this.
 
 -S[<keyid>]::
 --gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
---no-gpg-sign::
 	GPG-sign commits. The `keyid` argument is optional and
 	defaults to the committer identity; if specified, it must be
-	stuck to the option without a space. `--no-gpg-sign` is useful to
+	stuck to the option without a space.
-	countermand both `commit.gpgSign` configuration variable, and
-	earlier `--gpg-sign`.
 
 --continue::
 -r::
@@ -179,11 +176,9 @@ default.   You can use `--no-utf8` to override this.
 	Abort the patching operation but keep HEAD and the index
 	untouched.
 
---show-current-patch[=(diff|raw)]::
+--show-current-patch::
-	Show the message at which `git am` has stopped due to
+	Show the entire e-mail message "git am" has stopped at, because
-	conflicts.  If `raw` is specified, show the raw contents of
+	of conflicts.
-	the e-mail message; if `diff`, show the diff portion only.
-	Defaults to `raw`.
 
 DISCUSSION
 ----------

Documentation/git-branch.txt

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	[-v [--abbrev=<length> | --no-abbrev]]
 	[--column[=<options>] | --no-column] [--sort=<key>]
 	[(--merged | --no-merged) [<commit>]]
-	[--contains [<commit>]] [--no-contains [<commit>]]
+	[--contains [<commit]] [--no-contains [<commit>]]
 	[--points-at <object>] [--format=<format>]
 	[(-r | --remotes) | (-a | --all)]
 	[--list] [<pattern>...]

Documentation/git-bugreport.txt

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-git-bugreport(1)
-================
-
-NAME
-----
-git-bugreport - Collect information for user to file a bug report
-
-SYNOPSIS
---------
-[verse]
-'git bugreport' [(-o | --output-directory) <path>] [(-s | --suffix) <format>]
-
-DESCRIPTION
------------
-Captures information about the user's machine, Git client, and repository state,
-as well as a form requesting information about the behavior the user observed,
-into a single text file which the user can then share, for example to the Git
-mailing list, in order to report an observed bug.
-
-The following information is requested from the user:
-
- - Reproduction steps
- - Expected behavior
- - Actual behavior
-
-The following information is captured automatically:
-
- - 'git version --build-options'
- - uname sysname, release, version, and machine strings
- - Compiler-specific info string
- - A list of enabled hooks
- - $SHELL
-
-This tool is invoked via the typical Git setup process, which means that in some
-cases, it might not be able to launch - for example, if a relevant config file
-is unreadable. In this kind of scenario, it may be helpful to manually gather
-the kind of information listed above when manually asking for help.
-
-OPTIONS
--------
--o <path>::
---output-directory <path>::
-	Place the resulting bug report file in `<path>` instead of the root of
-	the Git repository.
-
--s <format>::
---suffix <format>::
-	Specify an alternate suffix for the bugreport name, to create a file
-	named 'git-bugreport-<formatted suffix>'. This should take the form of a
-	strftime(3) format string; the current local time will be used.
-
-GIT
----
-Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite

Documentation/git-cat-file.txt

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git cat-file' (-t [--allow-unknown-type]| -s [--allow-unknown-type]| -e | -p | <type> | --textconv | --filters ) [--path=<path>] <object>
-'git cat-file' (--batch[=<format>] | --batch-check[=<format>]) [ --textconv | --filters ] [--follow-symlinks]
+'git cat-file' (--batch | --batch-check) [ --textconv | --filters ] [--follow-symlinks]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------

Documentation/git-checkout.txt

@@ -292,11 +292,11 @@ Note that this option uses the no overlay mode by default (see also
 
 --recurse-submodules::
 --no-recurse-submodules::
-	Using `--recurse-submodules` will update the content of all active
+	Using `--recurse-submodules` will update the content of all initialized
 	submodules according to the commit recorded in the superproject. If
 	local modifications in a submodule would be overwritten the checkout
 	will fail unless `-f` is used. If nothing (or `--no-recurse-submodules`)
-	is used, submodules working trees will not be updated.
+	is used, the work trees of submodules will not be updated.
 	Just like linkgit:git-submodule[1], this will detach `HEAD` of the
 	submodule.
 

Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt

@@ -109,12 +109,9 @@ effect to your index in a row.
 
 -S[<keyid>]::
 --gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
---no-gpg-sign::
 	GPG-sign commits. The `keyid` argument is optional and
 	defaults to the committer identity; if specified, it must be
-	stuck to the option without a space. `--no-gpg-sign` is useful to
+	stuck to the option without a space.
-	countermand both `commit.gpgSign` configuration variable, and
-	earlier `--gpg-sign`.
 
 --ff::
 	If the current HEAD is the same as the parent of the

Documentation/git-clone.txt

@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	  [--dissociate] [--separate-git-dir <git dir>]
 	  [--depth <depth>] [--[no-]single-branch] [--no-tags]
 	  [--recurse-submodules[=<pathspec>]] [--[no-]shallow-submodules]
-	  [--[no-]remote-submodules] [--jobs <n>] [--sparse]
+	  [--[no-]remote-submodules] [--jobs <n>] [--sparse] [--] <repository>
-	  [--filter=<filter>] [--] <repository>
 	  [<directory>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -163,16 +162,6 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
 	of the repository. The sparse-checkout file can be
 	modified to grow the working directory as needed.
 
---filter=<filter-spec>::
-	Use the partial clone feature and request that the server sends
-	a subset of reachable objects according to a given object filter.
-	When using `--filter`, the supplied `<filter-spec>` is used for
-	the partial clone filter. For example, `--filter=blob:none` will
-	filter out all blobs (file contents) until needed by Git. Also,
-	`--filter=blob:limit=<size>` will filter out all blobs of size
-	at least `<size>`. For more details on filter specifications, see
-	the `--filter` option in linkgit:git-rev-list[1].
-
 --mirror::
 	Set up a mirror of the source repository.  This implies `--bare`.
 	Compared to `--bare`, `--mirror` not only maps local branches of the
@@ -259,7 +248,7 @@ maintain a branch with no references other than a single cloned
 branch. This is useful e.g. to maintain minimal clones of the default
 branch of some repository for search indexing.
 
---recurse-submodules[=<pathspec>]::
+--recurse-submodules[=<pathspec]::
 	After the clone is created, initialize and clone submodules
 	within based on the provided pathspec.  If no pathspec is
 	provided, all submodules are initialized and cloned.

Documentation/git-commit-graph.txt

@@ -26,10 +26,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	file. This parameter exists to specify the location of an alternate
 	that only has the objects directory, not a full `.git` directory. The
 	commit-graph file is expected to be in the `<dir>/info` directory and
-	the packfiles are expected to be in `<dir>/pack`. If the directory
+	the packfiles are expected to be in `<dir>/pack`.
-	could not be made into an absolute path, or does not match any known
-	object directory, `git commit-graph ...` will exit with non-zero
-	status.
 
 --[no-]progress::
 	Turn progress on/off explicitly. If neither is specified, progress is
@@ -47,10 +44,8 @@ with `--stdin-commits` or `--reachable`.)
 +
 With the `--stdin-commits` option, generate the new commit graph by
 walking commits starting at the commits specified in stdin as a list
-of OIDs in hex, one OID per line. OIDs that resolve to non-commits
+of OIDs in hex, one OID per line. (Cannot be combined with
-(either directly, or by peeling tags) are silently ignored. OIDs that
+`--stdin-packs` or `--reachable`.)
-are malformed, or do not exist generate an error. (Cannot be combined
-with `--stdin-packs` or `--reachable`.)
 +
 With the `--reachable` option, generate the new commit graph by walking
 commits starting at all refs. (Cannot be combined with `--stdin-commits`
@@ -59,24 +54,11 @@ or `--stdin-packs`.)
 With the `--append` option, include all commits that are present in the
 existing commit-graph file.
 +
-With the `--changed-paths` option, compute and write information about the
+With the `--split` option, write the commit-graph as a chain of multiple
-paths changed between a commit and its first parent. This operation can
+commit-graph files stored in `<dir>/info/commit-graphs`. The new commits
-take a while on large repositories. It provides significant performance gains
+not already in the commit-graph are added in a new "tip" file. This file
-for getting history of a directory or a file with `git log -- <path>`.
+is merged with the existing file if the following merge conditions are
-+
+met:
-With the `--split[=<strategy>]` option, write the commit-graph as a
-chain of multiple commit-graph files stored in
-`<dir>/info/commit-graphs`. Commit-graph layers are merged based on the
-strategy and other splitting options. The new commits not already in the
-commit-graph are added in a new "tip" file. This file is merged with the
-existing file if the following merge conditions are met:
-+
-* If `--split=no-merge` is specified, a merge is never performed, and
-the remaining options are ignored. `--split=replace` overwrites the
-existing chain with a new one. A bare `--split` defers to the remaining
-options. (Note that merging a chain of commit graphs replaces the
-existing chain with a length-1 chain where the first and only
-incremental holds the entire graph).
 +
 * If `--size-multiple=<X>` is not specified, let `X` equal 2. If the new
 tip file would have `N` commits and the previous tip has `M` commits and

Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt

@@ -61,11 +61,13 @@ OPTIONS
 
 -S[<keyid>]::
 --gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
---no-gpg-sign::
 	GPG-sign commits. The `keyid` argument is optional and
 	defaults to the committer identity; if specified, it must be
-	stuck to the option without a space. `--no-gpg-sign` is useful to
+	stuck to the option without a space.
-	countermand a `--gpg-sign` option given earlier on the command line.
+
+--no-gpg-sign::
+	Do not GPG-sign commit, to countermand a `--gpg-sign` option
+	given earlier on the command line.
 
 Commit Information
 ------------------

Documentation/git-commit.txt

@@ -348,12 +348,13 @@ changes to tracked files.
 
 -S[<keyid>]::
 --gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
---no-gpg-sign::
 	GPG-sign commits. The `keyid` argument is optional and
 	defaults to the committer identity; if specified, it must be
-	stuck to the option without a space. `--no-gpg-sign` is useful to
+	stuck to the option without a space.
-	countermand both `commit.gpgSign` configuration variable, and
+
-	earlier `--gpg-sign`.
+--no-gpg-sign::
+	Countermand `commit.gpgSign` configuration variable that is
+	set to force each and every commit to be signed.
 
 \--::
 	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.

Documentation/git-config.txt

@@ -9,18 +9,18 @@ git-config - Get and set repository or global options
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] [--show-origin] [--show-scope] [-z|--null] name [value [value_regex]]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] [--show-origin] [-z|--null] name [value [value_regex]]
 'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] --add name value
 'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] --replace-all name value [value_regex]
-'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] [--show-origin] [--show-scope] [-z|--null] --get name [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] [--show-origin] [-z|--null] --get name [value_regex]
-'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] [--show-origin] [--show-scope] [-z|--null] --get-all name [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] [--show-origin] [-z|--null] --get-all name [value_regex]
-'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] [--show-origin] [--show-scope] [-z|--null] [--name-only] --get-regexp name_regex [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] [--show-origin] [-z|--null] [--name-only] --get-regexp name_regex [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] [-z|--null] --get-urlmatch name URL
 'git config' [<file-option>] --unset name [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] --unset-all name [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] --rename-section old_name new_name
 'git config' [<file-option>] --remove-section name
-'git config' [<file-option>] [--show-origin] [--show-scope] [-z|--null] [--name-only] -l | --list
+'git config' [<file-option>] [--show-origin] [-z|--null] [--name-only] -l | --list
 'git config' [<file-option>] --get-color name [default]
 'git config' [<file-option>] --get-colorbool name [stdout-is-tty]
 'git config' [<file-option>] -e | --edit
@@ -222,11 +222,6 @@ Valid `<type>`'s include:
 	the actual origin (config file path, ref, or blob id if
 	applicable).
 
---show-scope::
-	Similar to `--show-origin` in that it augments the output of
-	all queried config options with the scope of that value
-	(local, global, system, command).
-
 --get-colorbool name [stdout-is-tty]::
 
 	Find the color setting for `name` (e.g. `color.diff`) and output

Documentation/git-credential-store.txt

@@ -94,10 +94,6 @@ stored on its own line as a URL like:
 https://user:pass@example.com
 ------------------------------
 
-No other kinds of lines (e.g. empty lines or comment lines) are
-allowed in the file, even though some may be silently ignored. Do
-not view or edit the file with editors.
-
 When Git needs authentication for a particular URL context,
 credential-store will consider that context a pattern to match against
 each entry in the credentials file.  If the protocol, hostname, and

Documentation/git-credential.txt

@@ -103,20 +103,17 @@ INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT
 `git credential` reads and/or writes (depending on the action used)
 credential information in its standard input/output. This information
 can correspond either to keys for which `git credential` will obtain
-the login information (e.g. host, protocol, path), or to the actual
+the login/password information (e.g. host, protocol, path), or to the
-credential data to be obtained (username/password).
+actual credential data to be obtained (login/password).
 
 The credential is split into a set of named attributes, with one
-attribute per line. Each attribute is specified by a key-value pair,
+attribute per line. Each attribute is
-separated by an `=` (equals) sign, followed by a newline.
+specified by a key-value pair, separated by an `=` (equals) sign,
-
+followed by a newline. The key may contain any bytes except `=`,
-The key may contain any bytes except `=`, newline, or NUL. The value may
+newline, or NUL. The value may contain any bytes except newline or NUL.
-contain any bytes except newline or NUL.
-
 In both cases, all bytes are treated as-is (i.e., there is no quoting,
 and one cannot transmit a value with newline or NUL in it). The list of
 attributes is terminated by a blank line or end-of-file.
-
 Git understands the following attributes:
 
 `protocol`::
@@ -126,8 +123,7 @@ Git understands the following attributes:
 
 `host`::
 
-	The remote hostname for a network credential.  This includes
+	The remote hostname for a network credential.
-	the port number if one was specified (e.g., "example.com:8088").
 
 `path`::
 
@@ -138,7 +134,7 @@ Git understands the following attributes:
 `username`::
 
 	The credential's username, if we already have one (e.g., from a
-	URL, the configuration, the user, or from a previously run helper).
+	URL, from the user, or from a previously run helper).
 
 `password`::
 
@@ -150,12 +146,8 @@ Git understands the following attributes:
 	value is parsed as a URL and treated as if its constituent parts
 	were read (e.g., `url=https://example.com` would behave as if
 	`protocol=https` and `host=example.com` had been provided). This
-	can help callers avoid parsing URLs themselves.
+	can help callers avoid parsing URLs themselves.  Note that any
-+
+	components which are missing from the URL (e.g., there is no
-Note that specifying a protocol is mandatory and if the URL
+	username in the example above) will be set to empty; if you want
-doesn't specify a hostname (e.g., "cert:///path/to/file") the
+	to provide a URL and override some attributes, provide the URL
-credential will contain a hostname attribute whose value is an
+	attribute first, followed by any overrides.
-empty string.
-+
-Components which are missing from the URL (e.g., there is no
-username in the example above) will be left unset.

Documentation/git-diff.txt

@@ -11,17 +11,15 @@ SYNOPSIS
 [verse]
 'git diff' [<options>] [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]
 'git diff' [<options>] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]
-'git diff' [<options>] <commit> [<commit>...] <commit> [--] [<path>...]
+'git diff' [<options>] <commit> <commit> [--] [<path>...]
-'git diff' [<options>] <commit>...<commit> [--] [<path>...]
 'git diff' [<options>] <blob> <blob>
 'git diff' [<options>] --no-index [--] <path> <path>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Show changes between the working tree and the index or a tree, changes
-between the index and a tree, changes between two trees, changes resulting
+between the index and a tree, changes between two trees, changes between
-from a merge, changes between two blob objects, or changes between two
+two blob objects, or changes between two files on disk.
-files on disk.
 
 'git diff' [<options>] [--] [<path>...]::
 
@@ -63,19 +61,9 @@ files on disk.
 	This is to view the changes between two arbitrary
 	<commit>.
 
-'git diff' [<options>] <commit> <commit>... <commit> [--] [<path>...]::
-
-	This form is to view the results of a merge commit.  The first
-	listed <commit> must be the merge itself; the remaining two or
-	more commits should be its parents.  A convenient way to produce
-	the desired set of revisions is to use the {caret}@ suffix.
-	For instance, if `master` names a merge commit, `git diff master
-	master^@` gives the same combined diff as `git show master`.
-
 'git diff' [<options>] <commit>..<commit> [--] [<path>...]::
 
-	This is synonymous to the earlier form (without the "..") for
+	This is synonymous to the previous form.  If <commit> on
-	viewing the changes between two arbitrary <commit>.  If <commit> on
 	one side is omitted, it will have the same effect as
 	using HEAD instead.
 
@@ -208,8 +196,7 @@ linkgit:git-difftool[1],
 linkgit:git-log[1],
 linkgit:gitdiffcore[7],
 linkgit:git-format-patch[1],
-linkgit:git-apply[1],
+linkgit:git-apply[1]
-linkgit:git-show[1]
 
 GIT
 ---

Documentation/git-fast-export.txt

@@ -119,11 +119,6 @@ by keeping the marks the same across runs.
 	the shape of the history and stored tree.  See the section on
 	`ANONYMIZING` below.
 
---anonymize-map=<from>[:<to>]::
-	Convert token `<from>` to `<to>` in the anonymized output. If
-	`<to>` is omitted, map `<from>` to itself (i.e., do not
-	anonymize it). See the section on `ANONYMIZING` below.
-
 --reference-excluded-parents::
 	By default, running a command such as `git fast-export
 	master~5..master` will not include the commit master{tilde}5
@@ -243,30 +238,6 @@ collapse "User 0", "User 1", etc into "User X"). This produces a much
 smaller output, and it is usually easy to quickly confirm that there is
 no private data in the stream.
 
-Reproducing some bugs may require referencing particular commits or
-paths, which becomes challenging after refnames and paths have been
-anonymized. You can ask for a particular token to be left as-is or
-mapped to a new value. For example, if you have a bug which reproduces
-with `git rev-list sensitive -- secret.c`, you can run:
-
----------------------------------------------------
-$ git fast-export --anonymize --all \
-      --anonymize-map=sensitive:foo \
-      --anonymize-map=secret.c:bar.c \
-      >stream
----------------------------------------------------
-
-After importing the stream, you can then run `git rev-list foo -- bar.c`
-in the anonymized repository.
-
-Note that paths and refnames are split into tokens at slash boundaries.
-The command above would anonymize `subdir/secret.c` as something like
-`path123/bar.c`; you could then search for `bar.c` in the anonymized
-repository to determine the final pathname.
-
-To make referencing the final pathname simpler, you can map each path
-component; so if you also anonymize `subdir` to `publicdir`, then the
-final pathname would be `publicdir/bar.c`.
 
 LIMITATIONS
 -----------

Documentation/git-fast-import.txt

@@ -122,26 +122,6 @@ Locations of Marks Files
 Relative and non-relative marks may be combined by interweaving
 --(no-)-relative-marks with the --(import|export)-marks= options.
 
-Submodule Rewriting
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
---rewrite-submodules-from=<name>:<file>::
---rewrite-submodules-to=<name>:<file>::
-  Rewrite the object IDs for the submodule specified by <name> from the values
-	used in the from <file> to those used in the to <file>. The from marks should
-	have been created by `git fast-export`, and the to marks should have been
-	created by `git fast-import` when importing that same submodule.
-+
-<name> may be any arbitrary string not containing a colon character, but the
-same value must be used with both options when specifying corresponding marks.
-Multiple submodules may be specified with different values for <name>. It is an
-error not to use these options in corresponding pairs.
-+
-These options are primarily useful when converting a repository from one hash
-algorithm to another; without them, fast-import will fail if it encounters a
-submodule because it has no way of writing the object ID into the new hash
-algorithm.
-
 Performance and Compression Tuning
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -293,14 +273,7 @@ by users who are located in the same location and time zone.  In this
 case a reasonable offset from UTC could be assumed.
 +
 Unlike the `rfc2822` format, this format is very strict.  Any
-variation in formatting will cause fast-import to reject the value,
+variation in formatting will cause fast-import to reject the value.
-and some sanity checks on the numeric values may also be performed.
-
-`raw-permissive`::
-	This is the same as `raw` except that no sanity checks on
-	the numeric epoch and local offset are performed.  This can
-	be useful when trying to filter or import an existing history
-	with e.g. bogus timezone values.
 
 `rfc2822`::
 	This is the standard email format as described by RFC 2822.

Documentation/git-fetch.txt

@@ -255,14 +255,14 @@ refspec.
 * Using refspecs explicitly:
 +
 ------------------------------------------------
-$ git fetch origin +seen:seen maint:tmp
+$ git fetch origin +pu:pu maint:tmp
 ------------------------------------------------
 +
-This updates (or creates, as necessary) branches `seen` and `tmp` in
+This updates (or creates, as necessary) branches `pu` and `tmp` in
 the local repository by fetching from the branches (respectively)
-`seen` and `maint` from the remote repository.
+`pu` and `maint` from the remote repository.
 +
-The `seen` branch will be updated even if it does not fast-forward,
+The `pu` branch will be updated even if it does not fast-forward,
 because it is prefixed with a plus sign; `tmp` will not be.
 
 * Peek at a remote's branch, without configuring the remote in your local

Documentation/git-format-patch.txt

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ SYNOPSIS
 		   [(--reroll-count|-v) <n>]
 		   [--to=<email>] [--cc=<email>]
 		   [--[no-]cover-letter] [--quiet]
-		   [--[no-]encode-email-headers]
 		   [--no-notes | --notes[=<ref>]]
 		   [--interdiff=<previous>]
 		   [--range-diff=<previous> [--creation-factor=<percent>]]
@@ -254,13 +253,6 @@ feeding the result to `git send-email`.
 	containing the branch description, shortlog and the overall diffstat.  You can
 	fill in a description in the file before sending it out.
 
---encode-email-headers::
---no-encode-email-headers::
-	Encode email headers that have non-ASCII characters with
-	"Q-encoding" (described in RFC 2047), instead of outputting the
-	headers verbatim. Defaults to the value of the
-	`format.encodeEmailHeaders` configuration variable.
-
 --interdiff=<previous>::
 	As a reviewer aid, insert an interdiff into the cover letter,
 	or as commentary of the lone patch of a 1-patch series, showing

Documentation/git-grep.txt

@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ grep.extendedRegexp::
 	other than 'default'.
 
 grep.threads::
-	Number of grep worker threads to use. If unset (or set to 0), Git will
+	Number of grep worker threads to use.  If unset (or set to 0),
-	use as many threads as the number of logical cores available.
+	8 threads are used by default (for now).
 
 grep.fullName::
 	If set to true, enable `--full-name` option by default.
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	with `--no-index`.
 
 --recurse-submodules::
-	Recursively search in each submodule that is active and
+	Recursively search in each submodule that has been initialized and
 	checked out in the repository.  When used in combination with the
 	<tree> option the prefix of all submodule output will be the name of
 	the parent project's <tree> object. This option has no effect
@@ -206,10 +206,8 @@ providing this option will cause it to die.
 
 -z::
 --null::
-	Use \0 as the delimiter for pathnames in the output, and print
+	Output \0 instead of the character that normally follows a
-	them verbatim. Without this option, pathnames with "unusual"
+	file name.
-	characters are quoted as explained for the configuration
-	variable core.quotePath (see git-config(1)).
 
 -o::
 --only-matching::
@@ -350,17 +348,6 @@ EXAMPLES
 `git grep solution -- :^Documentation`::
 	Looks for `solution`, excluding files in `Documentation`.
 
-NOTES ON THREADS
-----------------
-
-The `--threads` option (and the grep.threads configuration) will be ignored when
-`--open-files-in-pager` is used, forcing a single-threaded execution.
-
-When grepping the object store (with `--cached` or giving tree objects), running
-with multiple threads might perform slower than single threaded if `--textconv`
-is given and there're too many text conversions. So if you experience low
-performance in this case, it might be desirable to use `--threads=1`.
-
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite

Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-http-fetch - Download from a remote Git repository via HTTP
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git http-fetch' [-c] [-t] [-a] [-d] [-v] [-w filename] [--recover] [--stdin | --packfile=<hash> | <commit>] <url>
+'git http-fetch' [-c] [-t] [-a] [-d] [-v] [-w filename] [--recover] [--stdin] <commit> <url>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -40,13 +40,6 @@ commit-id::
 
 		<commit-id>['\t'<filename-as-in--w>]
 
---packfile=<hash>::
-	Instead of a commit id on the command line (which is not expected in
-	this case), 'git http-fetch' fetches the packfile directly at the given
-	URL and uses index-pack to generate corresponding .idx and .keep files.
-	The hash is used to determine the name of the temporary file and is
-	arbitrary. The output of index-pack is printed to stdout.
-
 --recover::
 	Verify that everything reachable from target is fetched.  Used after
 	an earlier fetch is interrupted.

Documentation/git-index-pack.txt

@@ -93,14 +93,6 @@ OPTIONS
 --max-input-size=<size>::
 	Die, if the pack is larger than <size>.
 
---object-format=<hash-algorithm>::
-	Specify the given object format (hash algorithm) for the pack.  The valid
-	values are 'sha1' and (if enabled) 'sha256'.  The default is the algorithm for
-	the current repository (set by `extensions.objectFormat`), or 'sha1' if no
-	value is set or outside a repository.
-+
-This option cannot be used with --stdin.
-
 NOTES
 -----
 

Documentation/git-init.txt

@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git init' [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template_directory>]
-	  [--separate-git-dir <git dir>] [--object-format=<format>]
+	  [--separate-git-dir <git dir>]
-	  [-b <branch-name> | --initial-branch=<branch-name>]
 	  [--shared[=<permissions>]] [directory]
 
 
@@ -49,11 +48,6 @@ Only print error and warning messages; all other output will be suppressed.
 Create a bare repository. If `GIT_DIR` environment is not set, it is set to the
 current working directory.
 
---object-format=<format>::
-
-Specify the given object format (hash algorithm) for the repository.  The valid
-values are 'sha1' and (if enabled) 'sha256'.  'sha1' is the default.
-
 --template=<template_directory>::
 
 Specify the directory from which templates will be used.  (See the "TEMPLATE
@@ -68,12 +62,6 @@ repository.
 +
 If this is reinitialization, the repository will be moved to the specified path.
 
--b <branch-name::
---initial-branch=<branch-name>::
-
-Use the specified name for the initial branch in the newly created repository.
-If not specified, fall back to the default name: `master`.
-
 --shared[=(false|true|umask|group|all|world|everybody|0xxx)]::
 
 Specify that the Git repository is to be shared amongst several users.  This

Documentation/git-log.txt

@@ -43,16 +43,12 @@ OPTIONS
 	If no `--decorate-refs` is given, pretend as if all refs were
 	included.  For each candidate, do not use it for decoration if it
 	matches any patterns given to `--decorate-refs-exclude` or if it
-	doesn't match any of the patterns given to `--decorate-refs`. The
+	doesn't match any of the patterns given to `--decorate-refs`.
-	`log.excludeDecoration` config option allows excluding refs from
-	the decorations, but an explicit `--decorate-refs` pattern will
-	override a match in `log.excludeDecoration`.
 
 --source::
 	Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
 	commit was reached.
 
---[no-]mailmap::
 --[no-]use-mailmap::
 	Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
 	addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See

Documentation/git-ls-files.txt

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ a space) at the start of each line:
 	top directory.
 
 --recurse-submodules::
-	Recursively calls ls-files on each active submodule in the repository.
+	Recursively calls ls-files on each submodule in the repository.
 	Currently there is only support for the --cached mode.
 
 --abbrev[=<n>]::

Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt

@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ f25a265a342aed6041ab0cc484224d9ca54b6f41	refs/tags/v0.99.1
 7ceca275d047c90c0c7d5afb13ab97efdf51bd6e	refs/tags/v0.99.3
 c5db5456ae3b0873fc659c19fafdde22313cc441	refs/tags/v0.99.2
 0918385dbd9656cab0d1d81ba7453d49bbc16250	refs/tags/junio-gpg-pub
-$ git ls-remote http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git master seen rc
+$ git ls-remote http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git master pu rc
 5fe978a5381f1fbad26a80e682ddd2a401966740	refs/heads/master
-c781a84b5204fb294c9ccc79f8b3baceeb32c061	refs/heads/seen
+c781a84b5204fb294c9ccc79f8b3baceeb32c061	refs/heads/pu
 $ git remote add korg http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
 $ git ls-remote --tags korg v\*
 d6602ec5194c87b0fc87103ca4d67251c76f233a	refs/tags/v0.99

Documentation/git-merge.txt

@@ -94,8 +94,7 @@ will be appended to the specified message.
 
 --abort::
 	Abort the current conflict resolution process, and
-	try to reconstruct the pre-merge state. If an autostash entry is
+	try to reconstruct the pre-merge state.
-	present, apply it to the worktree.
 +
 If there were uncommitted worktree changes present when the merge
 started, 'git merge --abort' will in some cases be unable to
@@ -103,15 +102,11 @@ reconstruct these changes. It is therefore recommended to always
 commit or stash your changes before running 'git merge'.
 +
 'git merge --abort' is equivalent to 'git reset --merge' when
-`MERGE_HEAD` is present unless `MERGE_AUTOSTASH` is also present in
+`MERGE_HEAD` is present.
-which case 'git merge --abort' applies the stash entry to the worktree
-whereas 'git reset --merge' will save the stashed changes in the stash
-list.
 
 --quit::
 	Forget about the current merge in progress. Leave the index
-	and the working tree as-is. If `MERGE_AUTOSTASH` is present, the
+	and the working tree as-is.
-	stash entry will be saved to the stash list.
 
 --continue::
 	After a 'git merge' stops due to conflicts you can conclude the

Documentation/git-multi-pack-index.txt

@@ -56,9 +56,6 @@ repack::
 	file is created, rewrite the multi-pack-index to reference the
 	new pack-file. A later run of 'git multi-pack-index expire' will
 	delete the pack-files that were part of this batch.
-+
-If `repack.packKeptObjects` is `false`, then any pack-files with an
-associated `.keep` file will not be selected for the batch to repack.
 
 
 EXAMPLES

Documentation/git-p4.txt

@@ -374,55 +374,14 @@ These options can be used to modify 'git p4 submit' behavior.
     been submitted. Implies --disable-rebase. Can also be set with
     git-p4.disableP4Sync. Sync with origin/master still goes ahead if possible.
 
-Hooks for submit
+Hook for submit
-----------------
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-p4-pre-submit
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
 The `p4-pre-submit` hook is executed if it exists and is executable.
 The hook takes no parameters and nothing from standard input. Exiting with
 non-zero status from this script prevents `git-p4 submit` from launching.
-It can be bypassed with the `--no-verify` command line option.
 
 One usage scenario is to run unit tests in the hook.
 
-p4-prepare-changelist
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-The `p4-prepare-changelist` hook is executed right after preparing
-the default changelist message and before the editor is started.
-It takes one parameter, the name of the file that contains the
-changelist text. Exiting with a non-zero status from the script
-will abort the process.
-
-The purpose of the hook is to edit the message file in place,
-and it is not supressed by the `--no-verify` option. This hook
-is called even if `--prepare-p4-only` is set.
-
-p4-changelist
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-The `p4-changelist` hook is executed after the changelist
-message has been edited by the user. It can be bypassed with the
-`--no-verify` option. It takes a single parameter, the name
-of the file that holds the proposed changelist text. Exiting
-with a non-zero status causes the command to abort.
-
-The hook is allowed to edit the changelist file and can be used
-to normalize the text into some project standard format. It can
-also be used to refuse the Submit after inspect the message file.
-
-p4-post-changelist
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-The `p4-post-changelist` hook is invoked after the submit has
-successfully occured in P4. It takes no parameters and is meant
-primarily for notification and cannot affect the outcome of the
-git p4 submit action.
-
-
-
 Rebase options
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 These options can be used to modify 'git p4 rebase' behavior.

Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	[--local] [--incremental] [--window=<n>] [--depth=<n>]
 	[--revs [--unpacked | --all]] [--keep-pack=<pack-name>]
 	[--stdout [--filter=<filter-spec>] | base-name]
-	[--shallow] [--keep-true-parents] [--[no-]sparse] < object-list
+	[--shallow] [--keep-true-parents] [--sparse] < object-list
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -196,16 +196,14 @@ depth is 4095.
 	Add --no-reuse-object if you want to force a uniform compression
 	level on all data no matter the source.
 
---[no-]sparse::
+--sparse::
-	Toggle the "sparse" algorithm to determine which objects to include in
+	Use the "sparse" algorithm to determine which objects to include in
 	the pack, when combined with the "--revs" option. This algorithm
 	only walks trees that appear in paths that introduce new objects.
 	This can have significant performance benefits when computing
 	a pack to send a small change. However, it is possible that extra
 	objects are added to the pack-file if the included commits contain
-	certain types of direct renames. If this option is not included,
+	certain types of direct renames.
-	it defaults to the value of `pack.useSparse`, which is true unless
-	otherwise specified.
 
 --thin::
 	Create a "thin" pack by omitting the common objects between a

Documentation/git-pull.txt

@@ -85,9 +85,8 @@ OPTIONS
 	Pass --verbose to git-fetch and git-merge.
 
 --[no-]recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]::
-	This option controls if new commits of populated submodules should
+	This option controls if new commits of all populated submodules should
-	be fetched, and if the working trees of active submodules should be
+	be fetched and updated, too (see linkgit:git-config[1] and
-	updated, too (see linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-config[1] and
 	linkgit:gitmodules[5]).
 +
 If the checkout is done via rebase, local submodule commits are rebased as well.
@@ -134,6 +133,15 @@ unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully.
 --no-rebase::
 	Override earlier --rebase.
 
+--autostash::
+--no-autostash::
+	Before starting rebase, stash local modifications away (see
+	linkgit:git-stash[1]) if needed, and apply the stash entry when
+	done. `--no-autostash` is useful to override the `rebase.autoStash`
+	configuration variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
++
+This option is only valid when "--rebase" is used.
+
 Options related to fetching
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -221,9 +229,9 @@ branch.<name>.merge options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
 $ git pull origin next
 ------------------------------------------------
 +
-This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, and
+This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, but
-updates the remote-tracking branch `origin/next`.
+does not update any remote-tracking branches. Using remote-tracking
-The same can be done by invoking fetch and merge:
+branches, the same can be done by invoking fetch and merge:
 +
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git fetch origin

Documentation/git-read-tree.txt

@@ -116,9 +116,9 @@ OPTIONS
 	located in.
 
 --[no-]recurse-submodules::
-	Using --recurse-submodules will update the content of all active
+	Using --recurse-submodules will update the content of all initialized
 	submodules according to the commit recorded in the superproject by
-	calling read-tree recursively, also setting the submodules' HEAD to be
+	calling read-tree recursively, also setting the submodules HEAD to be
 	detached at that commit.
 
 --no-sparse-checkout::

Documentation/git-rebase.txt

@@ -256,79 +256,18 @@ See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 --quit::
 	Abort the rebase operation but HEAD is not reset back to the
 	original branch. The index and working tree are also left
-	unchanged as a result. If a temporary stash entry was created
+	unchanged as a result.
-	using --autostash, it will be saved to the stash list.
 
---apply::
-	Use applying strategies to rebase (calling `git-am`
-	internally).  This option may become a no-op in the future
-	once the merge backend handles everything the apply one does.
-+
-See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
-
---empty={drop,keep,ask}::
-	How to handle commits that are not empty to start and are not
-	clean cherry-picks of any upstream commit, but which become
-	empty after rebasing (because they contain a subset of already
-	upstream changes).  With drop (the default), commits that
-	become empty are dropped.  With keep, such commits are kept.
-	With ask (implied by --interactive), the rebase will halt when
-	an empty commit is applied allowing you to choose whether to
-	drop it, edit files more, or just commit the empty changes.
-	Other options, like --exec, will use the default of drop unless
-	-i/--interactive is explicitly specified.
-+
-Note that commits which start empty are kept (unless --no-keep-empty
-is specified), and commits which are clean cherry-picks (as determined
-by `git log --cherry-mark ...`) are detected and dropped as a
-preliminary step (unless --reapply-cherry-picks is passed).
-+
-See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
-
---no-keep-empty::
 --keep-empty::
-	Do not keep commits that start empty before the rebase
+	Keep the commits that do not change anything from its
-	(i.e. that do not change anything from its parent) in the
+	parents in the result.
-	result.  The default is to keep commits which start empty,
-	since creating such commits requires passing the --allow-empty
-	override flag to `git commit`, signifying that a user is very
-	intentionally creating such a commit and thus wants to keep
-	it.
-+
-Usage of this flag will probably be rare, since you can get rid of
-commits that start empty by just firing up an interactive rebase and
-removing the lines corresponding to the commits you don't want.  This
-flag exists as a convenient shortcut, such as for cases where external
-tools generate many empty commits and you want them all removed.
-+
-For commits which do not start empty but become empty after rebasing,
-see the --empty flag.
-+
-See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
-
---reapply-cherry-picks::
---no-reapply-cherry-picks::
-	Reapply all clean cherry-picks of any upstream commit instead
-	of preemptively dropping them. (If these commits then become
-	empty after rebasing, because they contain a subset of already
-	upstream changes, the behavior towards them is controlled by
-	the `--empty` flag.)
-+
-By default (or if `--no-reapply-cherry-picks` is given), these commits
-will be automatically dropped.  Because this necessitates reading all
-upstream commits, this can be expensive in repos with a large number
-of upstream commits that need to be read.
-+
-`--reapply-cherry-picks` allows rebase to forgo reading all upstream
-commits, potentially improving performance.
 +
 See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 
 --allow-empty-message::
-	No-op.  Rebasing commits with an empty message used to fail
+	By default, rebasing commits with an empty message will fail.
-	and this option would override that behavior, allowing commits
+	This option overrides that behavior, allowing commits with empty
-	with empty messages to be rebased.  Now commits with an empty
+	messages to be rebased.
-	message do not cause rebasing to halt.
 +
 See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 
@@ -347,7 +286,7 @@ See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 --merge::
 	Use merging strategies to rebase.  When the recursive (default) merge
 	strategy is used, this allows rebase to be aware of renames on the
-	upstream side.  This is the default.
+	upstream side.
 +
 Note that a rebase merge works by replaying each commit from the working
 branch on top of the <upstream> branch.  Because of this, when a merge
@@ -386,12 +325,9 @@ See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 
 -S[<keyid>]::
 --gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
---no-gpg-sign::
 	GPG-sign commits. The `keyid` argument is optional and
 	defaults to the committer identity; if specified, it must be
-	stuck to the option without a space. `--no-gpg-sign` is useful to
+	stuck to the option without a space.
-	countermand both `commit.gpgSign` configuration variable, and
-	earlier `--gpg-sign`.
 
 -q::
 --quiet::
@@ -420,7 +356,7 @@ See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 	Ensure at least <n> lines of surrounding context match before
 	and after each change.  When fewer lines of surrounding
 	context exist they all must match.  By default no context is
-	ever ignored.  Implies --apply.
+	ever ignored.
 +
 See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 
@@ -449,20 +385,17 @@ When --fork-point is active, 'fork_point' will be used instead of
 <branch>` command (see linkgit:git-merge-base[1]).  If 'fork_point'
 ends up being empty, the <upstream> will be used as a fallback.
 +
-If <upstream> is given on the command line, then the default is
+If either <upstream> or --root is given on the command line, then the
-`--no-fork-point`, otherwise the default is `--fork-point`.
+default is `--no-fork-point`, otherwise the default is `--fork-point`.
 +
 If your branch was based on <upstream> but <upstream> was rewound and
 your branch contains commits which were dropped, this option can be used
 with `--keep-base` in order to drop those commits from your branch.
-+
-See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 
 --ignore-whitespace::
 --whitespace=<option>::
-	These flags are passed to the 'git apply' program
+	These flag are passed to the 'git apply' program
 	(see linkgit:git-apply[1]) that applies the patch.
-	Implies --apply.
 +
 See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 
@@ -606,11 +539,10 @@ INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS
 
 The following options:
 
- * --apply
  * --committer-date-is-author-date
  * --ignore-date
- * --ignore-whitespace
  * --whitespace
+ * --ignore-whitespace
  * -C
 
 are incompatible with the following options:
@@ -624,9 +556,7 @@ are incompatible with the following options:
  * --preserve-merges
  * --interactive
  * --exec
- * --no-keep-empty
+ * --keep-empty
- * --empty=
- * --reapply-cherry-picks
  * --edit-todo
  * --root when used in combination with --onto
 
@@ -635,149 +565,33 @@ In addition, the following pairs of options are incompatible:
  * --preserve-merges and --interactive
  * --preserve-merges and --signoff
  * --preserve-merges and --rebase-merges
- * --preserve-merges and --empty=
  * --keep-base and --onto
  * --keep-base and --root
- * --fork-point and --root
 
 BEHAVIORAL DIFFERENCES
 -----------------------
 
-git rebase has two primary backends: apply and merge.  (The apply
+There are some subtle differences how the backends behave.
-backend used to be known as the 'am' backend, but the name led to
-confusion as it looks like a verb instead of a noun.  Also, the merge
-backend used to be known as the interactive backend, but it is now
-used for non-interactive cases as well.  Both were renamed based on
-lower-level functionality that underpinned each.) There are some
-subtle differences in how these two backends behave:
 
 Empty commits
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-The apply backend unfortunately drops intentionally empty commits, i.e.
+The am backend drops any "empty" commits, regardless of whether the
-commits that started empty, though these are rare in practice.  It
+commit started empty (had no changes relative to its parent to
-also drops commits that become empty and has no option for controlling
+start with) or ended empty (all changes were already applied
-this behavior.
+upstream in other commits).
 
-The merge backend keeps intentionally empty commits by default (though
+The interactive backend drops commits by default that
-with -i they are marked as empty in the todo list editor, or they can
+started empty and halts if it hits a commit that ended up empty.
-be dropped automatically with --no-keep-empty).
+The `--keep-empty` option exists for the interactive backend to allow
-
+it to keep commits that started empty.
-Similar to the apply backend, by default the merge backend drops
-commits that become empty unless -i/--interactive is specified (in
-which case it stops and asks the user what to do).  The merge backend
-also has an --empty={drop,keep,ask} option for changing the behavior
-of handling commits that become empty.
 
 Directory rename detection
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Due to the lack of accurate tree information (arising from
+Directory rename heuristics are enabled in the merge and interactive
-constructing fake ancestors with the limited information available in
+backends.  Due to the lack of accurate tree information, directory
-patches), directory rename detection is disabled in the apply backend.
+rename detection is disabled in the am backend.
-Disabled directory rename detection means that if one side of history
-renames a directory and the other adds new files to the old directory,
-then the new files will be left behind in the old directory without
-any warning at the time of rebasing that you may want to move these
-files into the new directory.
-
-Directory rename detection works with the merge backend to provide you
-warnings in such cases.
-
-Context
-~~~~~~~
-
-The apply backend works by creating a sequence of patches (by calling
-`format-patch` internally), and then applying the patches in sequence
-(calling `am` internally).  Patches are composed of multiple hunks,
-each with line numbers, a context region, and the actual changes.  The
-line numbers have to be taken with some fuzz, since the other side
-will likely have inserted or deleted lines earlier in the file.  The
-context region is meant to help find how to adjust the line numbers in
-order to apply the changes to the right lines.  However, if multiple
-areas of the code have the same surrounding lines of context, the
-wrong one can be picked.  There are real-world cases where this has
-caused commits to be reapplied incorrectly with no conflicts reported.
-Setting diff.context to a larger value may prevent such types of
-problems, but increases the chance of spurious conflicts (since it
-will require more lines of matching context to apply).
-
-The merge backend works with a full copy of each relevant file,
-insulating it from these types of problems.
-
-Labelling of conflicts markers
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-When there are content conflicts, the merge machinery tries to
-annotate each side's conflict markers with the commits where the
-content came from.  Since the apply backend drops the original
-information about the rebased commits and their parents (and instead
-generates new fake commits based off limited information in the
-generated patches), those commits cannot be identified; instead it has
-to fall back to a commit summary.  Also, when merge.conflictStyle is
-set to diff3, the apply backend will use "constructed merge base" to
-label the content from the merge base, and thus provide no information
-about the merge base commit whatsoever.
-
-The merge backend works with the full commits on both sides of history
-and thus has no such limitations.
-
-Hooks
-~~~~~
-
-The apply backend has not traditionally called the post-commit hook,
-while the merge backend has.  Both have called the post-checkout hook,
-though the merge backend has squelched its output.  Further, both
-backends only call the post-checkout hook with the starting point
-commit of the rebase, not the intermediate commits nor the final
-commit.  In each case, the calling of these hooks was by accident of
-implementation rather than by design (both backends were originally
-implemented as shell scripts and happened to invoke other commands
-like 'git checkout' or 'git commit' that would call the hooks).  Both
-backends should have the same behavior, though it is not entirely
-clear which, if any, is correct.  We will likely make rebase stop
-calling either of these hooks in the future.
-
-Interruptability
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-The apply backend has safety problems with an ill-timed interrupt; if
-the user presses Ctrl-C at the wrong time to try to abort the rebase,
-the rebase can enter a state where it cannot be aborted with a
-subsequent `git rebase --abort`.  The merge backend does not appear to
-suffer from the same shortcoming.  (See
-https://lore.kernel.org/git/20200207132152.GC2868@szeder.dev/ for
-details.)
-
-Commit Rewording
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-When a conflict occurs while rebasing, rebase stops and asks the user
-to resolve.  Since the user may need to make notable changes while
-resolving conflicts, after conflicts are resolved and the user has run
-`git rebase --continue`, the rebase should open an editor and ask the
-user to update the commit message.  The merge backend does this, while
-the apply backend blindly applies the original commit message.
-
-Miscellaneous differences
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-There are a few more behavioral differences that most folks would
-probably consider inconsequential but which are mentioned for
-completeness:
-
-* Reflog: The two backends will use different wording when describing
-  the changes made in the reflog, though both will make use of the
-  word "rebase".
-
-* Progress, informational, and error messages: The two backends
-  provide slightly different progress and informational messages.
-  Also, the apply backend writes error messages (such as "Your files
-  would be overwritten...") to stdout, while the merge backend writes
-  them to stderr.
-
-* State directories: The two backends keep their state in different
-  directories under .git/
 
 include::merge-strategies.txt[]
 
@@ -1052,8 +866,7 @@ Only works if the changes (patch IDs based on the diff contents) on
 'subsystem' did.
 
 In that case, the fix is easy because 'git rebase' knows to skip
-changes that are already present in the new upstream (unless
+changes that are already present in the new upstream.  So if you say
-`--reapply-cherry-picks` is given). So if you say
 (assuming you're on 'topic')
 ------------
     $ git rebase subsystem

Documentation/git-reset.txt

@@ -87,12 +87,6 @@ but carries forward unmerged index entries.
 	different between `<commit>` and `HEAD`.
 	If a file that is different between `<commit>` and `HEAD` has local
 	changes, reset is aborted.
-
---[no-]recurse-submodules::
-	When the working tree is updated, using --recurse-submodules will
-	also recursively reset the working tree of all active submodules
-	according to the commit recorded in the superproject, also setting
-	the submodules' HEAD to be detached at that commit.
 --
 
 See "Reset, restore and revert" in linkgit:git[1] for the differences

Documentation/git-restore.txt

@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ The command can also be used to restore the content in the index with
 `--staged`, or restore both the working tree and the index with
 `--staged --worktree`.
 
-By default, if `--staged` is given, the contents are restored from `HEAD`,
+By default, the restore sources for working tree and the index are the
-otherwise from the index. Use `--source` to restore from a different commit.
+index and `HEAD` respectively. `--source` could be used to specify a
+commit as the restore source.
 
 See "Reset, restore and revert" in linkgit:git[1] for the differences
 between the three commands.
@@ -38,8 +39,10 @@ OPTIONS
 	tree. It is common to specify the source tree by naming a
 	commit, branch or tag associated with it.
 +
-If not specified, the contents are restored from `HEAD` if `--staged` is
+If not specified, the default restore source for the working tree is
-given, otherwise from the index.
+the index, and the default restore source for the index is
+`HEAD`. When both `--staged` and `--worktree` are specified,
+`--source` must also be specified.
 
 -p::
 --patch::
@@ -104,17 +107,6 @@ in linkgit:git-checkout[1] for details.
 	patterns and unconditionally restores any files in
 	`<pathspec>`.
 
---recurse-submodules::
---no-recurse-submodules::
-	If `<pathspec>` names an active submodule and the restore location
-	includes the working tree, the submodule will only be updated if
-	this option is given, in which case its working tree will be
-	restored to the commit recorded in the superproject, and any local
-	modifications overwritten. If nothing (or
-	`--no-recurse-submodules`) is used, submodules working trees will
-	not be updated. Just like linkgit:git-checkout[1], this will detach
-	`HEAD` of the submodule.
-
 --overlay::
 --no-overlay::
 	In overlay mode, the command never removes files when

Documentation/git-revert.txt

@@ -90,12 +90,9 @@ effect to your index in a row.
 
 -S[<keyid>]::
 --gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
---no-gpg-sign::
 	GPG-sign commits. The `keyid` argument is optional and
 	defaults to the committer identity; if specified, it must be
-	stuck to the option without a space. `--no-gpg-sign` is useful to
+	stuck to the option without a space.
-	countermand both `commit.gpgSign` configuration variable, and
-	earlier `--gpg-sign`.
 
 -s::
 --signoff::

Documentation/git-rm.txt

@@ -8,18 +8,16 @@ git-rm - Remove files from the working tree and from the index
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git rm' [-f | --force] [-n] [-r] [--cached] [--ignore-unmatch]
+'git rm' [-f | --force] [-n] [-r] [--cached] [--ignore-unmatch] [--quiet] [--] <file>...
-	  [--quiet] [--pathspec-from-file=<file> [--pathspec-file-nul]]
-	  [--] [<pathspec>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Remove files matching pathspec from the index, or from the working tree
+Remove files from the index, or from the working tree and the index.
-and the index. `git rm` will not remove a file from just your working
+`git rm` will not remove a file from just your working directory.
-directory. (There is no option to remove a file only from the working
+(There is no option to remove a file only from the working tree
-tree and yet keep it in the index; use `/bin/rm` if you want to do
+and yet keep it in the index; use `/bin/rm` if you want to do that.)
-that.) The files being removed have to be identical to the tip of the
+The files being removed have to be identical to the tip of the branch,
-branch, and no updates to their contents can be staged in the index,
+and no updates to their contents can be staged in the index,
 though that default behavior can be overridden with the `-f` option.
 When `--cached` is given, the staged content has to
 match either the tip of the branch or the file on disk,
@@ -28,20 +26,15 @@ allowing the file to be removed from just the index.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
-<pathspec>...::
+<file>...::
-	Files to remove.  A leading directory name (e.g. `dir` to remove
+	Files to remove.  Fileglobs (e.g. `*.c`) can be given to
-	`dir/file1` and `dir/file2`) can be given to remove all files in
+	remove all matching files.  If you want Git to expand
-	the directory, and recursively all sub-directories, but this
+	file glob characters, you may need to shell-escape them.
-	requires the `-r` option to be explicitly given.
+	A leading directory name
-+
+	(e.g. `dir` to remove `dir/file1` and `dir/file2`) can be
-The command removes only the paths that are known to Git.
+	given to remove all files in the directory, and recursively
-+
+	all sub-directories,
-File globbing matches across directory boundaries.  Thus, given two
+	but this requires the `-r` option to be explicitly given.
-directories `d` and `d2`, there is a difference between using
-`git rm 'd*'` and `git rm 'd/*'`, as the former will also remove all
-of directory `d2`.
-+
-For more details, see the 'pathspec' entry in linkgit:gitglossary[7].
 
 -f::
 --force::
@@ -75,19 +68,19 @@ For more details, see the 'pathspec' entry in linkgit:gitglossary[7].
 	`git rm` normally outputs one line (in the form of an `rm` command)
 	for each file removed. This option suppresses that output.
 
---pathspec-from-file=<file>::
-	Pathspec is passed in `<file>` instead of commandline args. If
-	`<file>` is exactly `-` then standard input is used. Pathspec
-	elements are separated by LF or CR/LF. Pathspec elements can be
-	quoted as explained for the configuration variable `core.quotePath`
-	(see linkgit:git-config[1]). See also `--pathspec-file-nul` and
-	global `--literal-pathspecs`.
 
---pathspec-file-nul::
+DISCUSSION
-	Only meaningful with `--pathspec-from-file`. Pathspec elements are
+----------
-	separated with NUL character and all other characters are taken
-	literally (including newlines and quotes).
 
+The <file> list given to the command can be exact pathnames,
+file glob patterns, or leading directory names.  The command
+removes only the paths that are known to Git.  Giving the name of
+a file that you have not told Git about does not remove that file.
+
+File globbing matches across directory boundaries.  Thus, given
+two directories `d` and `d2`, there is a difference between
+using `git rm 'd*'` and `git rm 'd/*'`, as the former will
+also remove all of directory `d2`.
 
 REMOVING FILES THAT HAVE DISAPPEARED FROM THE FILESYSTEM
 --------------------------------------------------------

Documentation/git-show-index.txt

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-show-index - Show packed archive index
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git show-index' [--object-format=<hash-algorithm>]
+'git show-index'
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -36,15 +36,6 @@ Note that you can get more information on a packfile by calling
 linkgit:git-verify-pack[1]. However, as this command considers only the
 index file itself, it's both faster and more flexible.
 
-OPTIONS
--------
-
---object-format=<hash-algorithm>::
-	Specify the given object format (hash algorithm) for the index file.  The
-	valid values are 'sha1' and (if enabled) 'sha256'.  The default is the
-	algorithm for the current repository (set by `extensions.objectFormat`), or
-	'sha1' if no value is set or outside a repository..
-
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite

Documentation/git-sparse-checkout.txt

@@ -41,10 +41,6 @@ COMMANDS
 To avoid interfering with other worktrees, it first enables the
 `extensions.worktreeConfig` setting and makes sure to set the
 `core.sparseCheckout` setting in the worktree-specific config file.
-+
-When `--cone` is provided, the `core.sparseCheckoutCone` setting is
-also set, allowing for better performance with a limited set of
-patterns (see 'CONE PATTERN SET' below).
 
 'set'::
 	Write a set of patterns to the sparse-checkout file, as given as
@@ -54,31 +50,6 @@ patterns (see 'CONE PATTERN SET' below).
 +
 When the `--stdin` option is provided, the patterns are read from
 standard in as a newline-delimited list instead of from the arguments.
-+
-When `core.sparseCheckoutCone` is enabled, the input list is considered a
-list of directories instead of sparse-checkout patterns. The command writes
-patterns to the sparse-checkout file to include all files contained in those
-directories (recursively) as well as files that are siblings of ancestor
-directories. The input format matches the output of `git ls-tree --name-only`.
-This includes interpreting pathnames that begin with a double quote (") as
-C-style quoted strings.
-
-'add'::
-	Update the sparse-checkout file to include additional patterns.
-	By default, these patterns are read from the command-line arguments,
-	but they can be read from stdin using the `--stdin` option. When
-	`core.sparseCheckoutCone` is enabled, the given patterns are interpreted
-	as directory names as in the 'set' subcommand.
-
-'reapply'::
-	Reapply the sparsity pattern rules to paths in the working tree.
-	Commands like merge or rebase can materialize paths to do their
-	work (e.g. in order to show you a conflict), and other
-	sparse-checkout commands might fail to sparsify an individual file
-	(e.g. because it has unstaged changes or conflicts).  In such
-	cases, it can make sense to run `git sparse-checkout reapply` later
-	after cleaning up affected paths (e.g. resolving conflicts, undoing
-	or committing changes, etc.).
 
 'disable'::
 	Disable the `core.sparseCheckout` config setting, and restore the
@@ -135,7 +106,7 @@ The full pattern set allows for arbitrary pattern matches and complicated
 inclusion/exclusion rules. These can result in O(N*M) pattern matches when
 updating the index, where N is the number of patterns and M is the number
 of paths in the index. To combat this performance issue, a more restricted
-pattern set is allowed when `core.sparseCheckoutCone` is enabled.
+pattern set is allowed when `core.spareCheckoutCone` is enabled.
 
 The accepted patterns in the cone pattern set are:
 
@@ -157,12 +128,9 @@ the following patterns:
 ----------------
 
 This says "include everything in root, but nothing two levels below root."
-
+If we then add the folder `A/B/C` as a recursive pattern, the folders `A` and
-When in cone mode, the `git sparse-checkout set` subcommand takes a list of
+`A/B` are added as parent patterns. The resulting sparse-checkout file is
-directories instead of a list of sparse-checkout patterns. In this mode,
+now
-the command `git sparse-checkout set A/B/C` sets the directory `A/B/C` as
-a recursive pattern, the directories `A` and `A/B` are added as parent
-patterns. The resulting sparse-checkout file is now
 
 ----------------
 /*
@@ -200,32 +168,10 @@ directory.
 SUBMODULES
 ----------
 
-If your repository contains one or more submodules, then submodules
+If your repository contains one or more submodules, then those submodules will
-are populated based on interactions with the `git submodule` command.
+appear based on which you initialized with the `git submodule` command. If
-Specifically, `git submodule init -- <path>` will ensure the submodule
+your sparse-checkout patterns exclude an initialized submodule, then that
-at `<path>` is present, while `git submodule deinit [-f] -- <path>`
+submodule will still appear in your working directory.
-will remove the files for the submodule at `<path>` (including any
-untracked files, uncommitted changes, and unpushed history).  Similar
-to how sparse-checkout removes files from the working tree but still
-leaves entries in the index, deinitialized submodules are removed from
-the working directory but still have an entry in the index.
-
-Since submodules may have unpushed changes or untracked files,
-removing them could result in data loss.  Thus, changing sparse
-inclusion/exclusion rules will not cause an already checked out
-submodule to be removed from the working copy.  Said another way, just
-as `checkout` will not cause submodules to be automatically removed or
-initialized even when switching between branches that remove or add
-submodules, using `sparse-checkout` to reduce or expand the scope of
-"interesting" files will not cause submodules to be automatically
-deinitialized or initialized either.
-
-Further, the above facts mean that there are multiple reasons that
-"tracked" files might not be present in the working copy: sparsity
-pattern application from sparse-checkout, and submodule initialization
-state.  Thus, commands like `git grep` that work on tracked files in
-the working copy may return results that are limited by either or both
-of these restrictions.
 
 
 SEE ALSO

Documentation/git-stash.txt

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git stash' branch <branchname> [<stash>]
 'git stash' [push [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet]
 	     [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-m|--message <message>]
-	     [--pathspec-from-file=<file> [--pathspec-file-nul]]
 	     [--] [<pathspec>...]]
 'git stash' clear
 'git stash' create [<message>]
@@ -44,10 +43,10 @@ created stash, `stash@{1}` is the one before it, `stash@{2.hours.ago}`
 is also possible). Stashes may also be referenced by specifying just the
 stash index (e.g. the integer `n` is equivalent to `stash@{n}`).
 
-COMMANDS
+OPTIONS
---------
+-------
 
-push [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [-m|--message <message>] [--pathspec-from-file=<file> [--pathspec-file-nul]] [--] [<pathspec>...]::
+push [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [-m|--message <message>] [--] [<pathspec>...]::
 
 	Save your local modifications to a new 'stash entry' and roll them
 	back to HEAD (in the working tree and in the index).
@@ -57,13 +56,38 @@ push [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q
 For quickly making a snapshot, you can omit "push".  In this mode,
 non-option arguments are not allowed to prevent a misspelled
 subcommand from making an unwanted stash entry.  The two exceptions to this
-are `stash -p` which acts as alias for `stash push -p` and pathspec elements,
+are `stash -p` which acts as alias for `stash push -p` and pathspecs,
 which are allowed after a double hyphen `--` for disambiguation.
++
+When pathspec is given to 'git stash push', the new stash entry records the
+modified states only for the files that match the pathspec.  The index
+entries and working tree files are then rolled back to the state in
+HEAD only for these files, too, leaving files that do not match the
+pathspec intact.
++
+If the `--keep-index` option is used, all changes already added to the
+index are left intact.
++
+If the `--include-untracked` option is used, all untracked files are also
+stashed and then cleaned up with `git clean`, leaving the working directory
+in a very clean state. If the `--all` option is used instead then the
+ignored files are stashed and cleaned in addition to the untracked files.
++
+With `--patch`, you can interactively select hunks from the diff
+between HEAD and the working tree to be stashed.  The stash entry is
+constructed such that its index state is the same as the index state
+of your repository, and its worktree contains only the changes you
+selected interactively.  The selected changes are then rolled back
+from your worktree. See the ``Interactive Mode'' section of
+linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode.
++
+The `--patch` option implies `--keep-index`.  You can use
+`--no-keep-index` to override this.
 
 save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]::
 
 	This option is deprecated in favour of 'git stash push'.  It
-	differs from "stash push" in that it cannot take pathspec.
+	differs from "stash push" in that it cannot take pathspecs.
 	Instead, all non-option arguments are concatenated to form the stash
 	message.
 
@@ -87,7 +111,7 @@ show [<options>] [<stash>]::
 
 	Show the changes recorded in the stash entry as a diff between the
 	stashed contents and the commit back when the stash entry was first
-	created.
+	created. When no `<stash>` is given, it shows the latest one.
 	By default, the command shows the diffstat, but it will accept any
 	format known to 'git diff' (e.g., `git stash show -p stash@{1}`
 	to view the second most recent entry in patch form).
@@ -104,6 +128,14 @@ pop [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]::
 Applying the state can fail with conflicts; in this case, it is not
 removed from the stash list. You need to resolve the conflicts by hand
 and call `git stash drop` manually afterwards.
++
+If the `--index` option is used, then tries to reinstate not only the working
+tree's changes, but also the index's ones. However, this can fail, when you
+have conflicts (which are stored in the index, where you therefore can no
+longer apply the changes as they were originally).
++
+When no `<stash>` is given, `stash@{0}` is assumed, otherwise `<stash>` must
+be a reference of the form `stash@{<revision>}`.
 
 apply [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]::
 
@@ -117,7 +149,8 @@ branch <branchname> [<stash>]::
 	the commit at which the `<stash>` was originally created, applies the
 	changes recorded in `<stash>` to the new working tree and index.
 	If that succeeds, and `<stash>` is a reference of the form
-	`stash@{<revision>}`, it then drops the `<stash>`.
+	`stash@{<revision>}`, it then drops the `<stash>`. When no `<stash>`
+	is given, applies the latest one.
 +
 This is useful if the branch on which you ran `git stash push` has
 changed enough that `git stash apply` fails due to conflicts. Since
@@ -133,6 +166,9 @@ clear::
 drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]::
 
 	Remove a single stash entry from the list of stash entries.
+	When no `<stash>` is given, it removes the latest one.
+	i.e. `stash@{0}`, otherwise `<stash>` must be a valid stash
+	log reference of the form `stash@{<revision>}`.
 
 create::
 
@@ -149,98 +185,6 @@ store::
 	reflog.  This is intended to be useful for scripts.  It is
 	probably not the command you want to use; see "push" above.
 
-OPTIONS
--------
--a::
---all::
-	This option is only valid for `push` and `save` commands.
-+
-All ignored and untracked files are also stashed and then cleaned
-up with `git clean`.
-
--u::
---include-untracked::
-	This option is only valid for `push` and `save` commands.
-+
-All untracked files are also stashed and then cleaned up with
-`git clean`.
-
---index::
-	This option is only valid for `pop` and `apply` commands.
-+
-Tries to reinstate not only the working tree's changes, but also
-the index's ones. However, this can fail, when you have conflicts
-(which are stored in the index, where you therefore can no longer
-apply the changes as they were originally).
-
--k::
---keep-index::
---no-keep-index::
-	This option is only valid for `push` and `save` commands.
-+
-All changes already added to the index are left intact.
-
--p::
---patch::
-	This option is only valid for `push` and `save` commands.
-+
-Interactively select hunks from the diff between HEAD and the
-working tree to be stashed.  The stash entry is constructed such
-that its index state is the same as the index state of your
-repository, and its worktree contains only the changes you selected
-interactively.  The selected changes are then rolled back from your
-worktree. See the ``Interactive Mode'' section of linkgit:git-add[1]
-to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode.
-+
-The `--patch` option implies `--keep-index`.  You can use
-`--no-keep-index` to override this.
-
---pathspec-from-file=<file>::
-	This option is only valid for `push` command.
-+
-Pathspec is passed in `<file>` instead of commandline args. If
-`<file>` is exactly `-` then standard input is used. Pathspec
-elements are separated by LF or CR/LF. Pathspec elements can be
-quoted as explained for the configuration variable `core.quotePath`
-(see linkgit:git-config[1]). See also `--pathspec-file-nul` and
-global `--literal-pathspecs`.
-
---pathspec-file-nul::
-	This option is only valid for `push` command.
-+
-Only meaningful with `--pathspec-from-file`. Pathspec elements are
-separated with NUL character and all other characters are taken
-literally (including newlines and quotes).
-
--q::
---quiet::
-	This option is only valid for `apply`, `drop`, `pop`, `push`,
-	`save`, `store` commands.
-+
-Quiet, suppress feedback messages.
-
-\--::
-	This option is only valid for `push` command.
-+
-Separates pathspec from options for disambiguation purposes.
-
-<pathspec>...::
-	This option is only valid for `push` command.
-+
-The new stash entry records the modified states only for the files
-that match the pathspec.  The index entries and working tree files
-are then rolled back to the state in HEAD only for these files,
-too, leaving files that do not match the pathspec intact.
-+
-For more details, see the 'pathspec' entry in linkgit:gitglossary[7].
-
-<stash>::
-	This option is only valid for `apply`, `branch`, `drop`, `pop`,
-	`show` commands.
-+
-A reference of the form `stash@{<revision>}`. When no `<stash>` is
-given, the latest stash is assumed (that is, `stash@{0}`).
-
 DISCUSSION
 ----------
 

Documentation/git-submodule.txt

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ If you really want to remove a submodule from the repository and commit
 that use linkgit:git-rm[1] instead. See linkgit:gitsubmodules[7] for removal
 options.
 
-update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch] [--[no-]recommend-shallow] [-f|--force] [--checkout|--rebase|--merge] [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] [--recursive] [--jobs <n>] [--[no-]single-branch] [--] [<path>...]::
+update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch] [--[no-]recommend-shallow] [-f|--force] [--checkout|--rebase|--merge] [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] [--recursive] [--jobs <n>] [--] [<path>...]::
 +
 --
 Update the registered submodules to match what the superproject
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ set-branch (-d|--default) [--] <path>::
 	Sets the default remote tracking branch for the submodule. The
 	`--branch` option allows the remote branch to be specified. The
 	`--default` option removes the submodule.<name>.branch configuration
-	key, which causes the tracking branch to default to the remote 'HEAD'.
+	key, which causes the tracking branch to default to 'master'.
 
 set-url [--] <path> <newurl>::
 	Sets the URL of the specified submodule to <newurl>. Then, it will
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	`.gitmodules` for `update --remote`.  A special value of `.` is used to
 	indicate that the name of the branch in the submodule should be the
 	same name as the current branch in the current repository.  If the
-	option is not specified, it defaults to the remote 'HEAD'.
+	option is not specified, it defaults to 'master'.
 
 -f::
 --force::
@@ -322,10 +322,10 @@ OPTIONS
 	the superproject's recorded SHA-1 to update the submodule, use the
 	status of the submodule's remote-tracking branch.  The remote used
 	is branch's remote (`branch.<name>.remote`), defaulting to `origin`.
-	The remote branch used defaults to the remote `HEAD`, but the branch
+	The remote branch used defaults to `master`, but the branch name may
-	name may be overridden by setting the `submodule.<name>.branch`
+	be overridden by setting the `submodule.<name>.branch` option in
-	option in either `.gitmodules` or `.git/config` (with `.git/config`
+	either `.gitmodules` or `.git/config` (with `.git/config` taking
-	taking precedence).
+	precedence).
 +
 This works for any of the supported update procedures (`--checkout`,
 `--rebase`, etc.).  The only change is the source of the target SHA-1.
@@ -430,10 +430,6 @@ options carefully.
 	Clone new submodules in parallel with as many jobs.
 	Defaults to the `submodule.fetchJobs` option.
 
---[no-]single-branch::
-	This option is only valid for the update command.
-	Clone only one branch during update: HEAD or one specified by --branch.
-
 <path>...::
 	Paths to submodule(s). When specified this will restrict the command
 	to only operate on the submodules found at the specified paths.

Documentation/git-switch.txt

@@ -181,9 +181,9 @@ name, the guessing is aborted.  You can explicitly give a name with
 --recurse-submodules::
 --no-recurse-submodules::
 	Using `--recurse-submodules` will update the content of all
-	active submodules according to the commit recorded in the
+	initialized submodules according to the commit recorded in the
 	superproject. If nothing (or `--no-recurse-submodules`) is
-	used, submodules working trees will not be updated. Just
+	used, the work trees of submodules will not be updated. Just
 	like linkgit:git-submodule[1], this will detach `HEAD` of the
 	submodules.
 

Documentation/git-update-ref.txt

@@ -66,10 +66,6 @@ performs all modifications together.  Specify commands of the form:
 	delete SP <ref> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
 	verify SP <ref> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
 	option SP <opt> LF
-	start LF
-	prepare LF
-	commit LF
-	abort LF
 
 With `--create-reflog`, update-ref will create a reflog for each ref
 even if one would not ordinarily be created.
@@ -87,10 +83,6 @@ quoting:
 	delete SP <ref> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
 	verify SP <ref> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
 	option SP <opt> NUL
-	start NUL
-	prepare NUL
-	commit NUL
-	abort NUL
 
 In this format, use 40 "0" to specify a zero value, and use the empty
 string to specify a missing value.
@@ -115,31 +107,13 @@ delete::
 
 verify::
 	Verify <ref> against <oldvalue> but do not change it.  If
-	<oldvalue> is zero or missing, the ref must not exist.
+	<oldvalue> zero or missing, the ref must not exist.
 
 option::
 	Modify behavior of the next command naming a <ref>.
 	The only valid option is `no-deref` to avoid dereferencing
 	a symbolic ref.
 
-start::
-	Start a transaction. In contrast to a non-transactional session, a
-	transaction will automatically abort if the session ends without an
-	explicit commit.
-
-prepare::
-	Prepare to commit the transaction. This will create lock files for all
-	queued reference updates. If one reference could not be locked, the
-	transaction will be aborted.
-
-commit::
-	Commit all reference updates queued for the transaction, ending the
-	transaction.
-
-abort::
-	Abort the transaction, releasing all locks if the transaction is in
-	prepared state.
-
 If all <ref>s can be locked with matching <oldvalue>s
 simultaneously, all modifications are performed.  Otherwise, no
 modifications are performed.  Note that while each individual

Documentation/git-worktree.txt

@@ -126,9 +126,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	locked working tree path, specify `--force` twice.
 +
 `move` refuses to move a locked working tree unless `--force` is specified
-twice. If the destination is already assigned to some other working tree but is
+twice.
-missing (for instance, if `<new-path>` was deleted manually), then `--force`
-allows the move to proceed; use --force twice if the destination is locked.
 +
 `remove` refuses to remove an unclean working tree unless `--force` is used.
 To remove a locked working tree, specify `--force` twice.

Documentation/git.txt

@@ -110,23 +110,9 @@ foo.bar= ...`) sets `foo.bar` to the empty string which `git config
 	Do not pipe Git output into a pager.
 
 --git-dir=<path>::
-	Set the path to the repository (".git" directory). This can also be
+	Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
-	controlled by setting the `GIT_DIR` environment variable. It can be
+	setting the `GIT_DIR` environment variable. It can be an absolute
-	an absolute path or relative path to current working directory.
+	path or relative path to current working directory.
-+
-Specifying the location of the ".git" directory using this
-option (or `GIT_DIR` environment variable) turns off the
-repository discovery that tries to find a directory with
-".git" subdirectory (which is how the repository and the
-top-level of the working tree are discovered), and tells Git
-that you are at the top level of the working tree.  If you
-are not at the top-level directory of the working tree, you
-should tell Git where the top-level of the working tree is,
-with the `--work-tree=<path>` option (or `GIT_WORK_TREE`
-environment variable)
-+
-If you just want to run git as if it was started in `<path>` then use
-`git -C <path>`.
 
 --work-tree=<path>::
 	Set the path to the working tree. It can be an absolute path
@@ -493,12 +479,6 @@ double-quotes and respecting backslash escapes. E.g., the value
 	details. This variable has lower precedence than other path
 	variables such as GIT_INDEX_FILE, GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY...
 
-`GIT_DEFAULT_HASH`::
-	If this variable is set, the default hash algorithm for new
-	repositories will be set to this value. This value is currently
-	ignored when cloning; the setting of the remote repository
-	is used instead. The default is "sha1".
-
 Git Commits
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 `GIT_AUTHOR_NAME`::
@@ -721,6 +701,8 @@ of clones and fetches.
 	Enables a curl full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data,
 	including descriptive information, of the git transport protocol.
 	This is similar to doing curl `--trace-ascii` on the command line.
+	This option overrides setting the `GIT_CURL_VERBOSE` environment
+	variable.
 	See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
 
 `GIT_TRACE_CURL_NO_DATA`::
@@ -775,10 +757,11 @@ for full details.
 	See `GIT_TRACE2` for available trace output options and
 	link:technical/api-trace2.html[Trace2 documentation] for full details.
 
-`GIT_TRACE_REDACT`::
+`GIT_REDACT_COOKIES`::
-	By default, when tracing is activated, Git redacts the values of
+	This can be set to a comma-separated list of strings. When a curl trace
-	cookies, the "Authorization:" header, and the "Proxy-Authorization:"
+	is enabled (see `GIT_TRACE_CURL` above), whenever a "Cookies:" header
-	header. Set this variable to `0` to prevent this redaction.
+	sent by the client is dumped, values of cookies whose key is in that
+	list (case-sensitive) are redacted.
 
 `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS`::
 	Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all

Documentation/gitattributes.txt

@@ -824,8 +824,6 @@ patterns are available:
 
 - `java` suitable for source code in the Java language.
 
-- `markdown` suitable for Markdown documents.
-
 - `matlab` suitable for source code in the MATLAB and Octave languages.
 
 - `objc` suitable for source code in the Objective-C language.

Documentation/gitcredentials.txt

@@ -131,9 +131,7 @@ context would not match:
 because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match `foo.example.com`; Git
 compares hostnames exactly, without considering whether two hosts are part of
 the same domain. Likewise, a config entry for `http://example.com` would not
-match: Git compares the protocols exactly.  However, you may use wildcards in
+match: Git compares the protocols exactly.
-the domain name and other pattern matching techniques as with the `http.<url>.*`
-options.
 
 If the "pattern" URL does include a path component, then this too must match
 exactly: the context `https://example.com/bar/baz.git` will match a config
@@ -216,26 +214,20 @@ Here are some example specifications:
 
 ----------------------------------------------------
 # run "git credential-foo"
-[credential]
+foo
-	helper = foo
 
 # same as above, but pass an argument to the helper
-[credential]
+foo --bar=baz
-	helper = "foo --bar=baz"
 
 # the arguments are parsed by the shell, so use shell
 # quoting if necessary
-[credential]
+foo --bar="whitespace arg"
-	helper = "foo --bar='whitespace arg'"
 
 # you can also use an absolute path, which will not use the git wrapper
-[credential]
+/path/to/my/helper --with-arguments
-	helper = "/path/to/my/helper --with-arguments"
 
 # or you can specify your own shell snippet
-[credential "https://example.com"]
+!f() { echo "password=`cat $HOME/.secret`"; }; f
-	username = your_user
-	helper = "!f() { test \"$1\" = get && echo \"password=$(cat $HOME/.secret)\"; }; f"
 ----------------------------------------------------
 
 Generally speaking, rule (3) above is the simplest for users to specify.
@@ -268,26 +260,16 @@ For a `get` operation, the helper should produce a list of attributes on
 stdout in the same format (see linkgit:git-credential[1] for common
 attributes). A helper is free to produce a subset, or even no values at
 all if it has nothing useful to provide. Any provided attributes will
-overwrite those already known about by Git's credential subsystem.
+overwrite those already known about by Git.  If a helper outputs a
-
+`quit` attribute with a value of `true` or `1`, no further helpers will
-While it is possible to override all attributes, well behaving helpers
+be consulted, nor will the user be prompted (if no credential has been
-should refrain from doing so for any attribute other than username and
+provided, the operation will then fail).
-password.
-
-If a helper outputs a `quit` attribute with a value of `true` or `1`,
-no further helpers will be consulted, nor will the user be prompted
-(if no credential has been provided, the operation will then fail).
-
-Similarly, no more helpers will be consulted once both username and
-password had been provided.
 
 For a `store` or `erase` operation, the helper's output is ignored.
-
+If it fails to perform the requested operation, it may complain to
-If a helper fails to perform the requested operation or needs to notify
+stderr to inform the user. If it does not support the requested
-the user of a potential issue, it may write to stderr.
+operation (e.g., a read-only store), it should silently ignore the
-
+request.
-If it does not support the requested operation (e.g., a read-only store),
-it should silently ignore the request.
 
 If a helper receives any other operation, it should silently ignore the
 request. This leaves room for future operations to be added (older