357 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
357 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
git-commit(1)
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=============
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NAME
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----
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git-commit - Record changes to the repository
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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[verse]
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'git commit' [-a | --interactive] [-s] [-v] [-u<mode>] [--amend] [--dry-run]
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[(-c | -C) <commit>] [-F <file> | -m <msg>] [--reset-author]
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[--allow-empty] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>]
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[--cleanup=<mode>] [--] [[-i | -o ]<file>...]
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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Stores the current contents of the index in a new commit along
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with a log message from the user describing the changes.
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The content to be added can be specified in several ways:
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1. by using 'git-add' to incrementally "add" changes to the
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index before using the 'commit' command (Note: even modified
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files must be "added");
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2. by using 'git-rm' to remove files from the working tree
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and the index, again before using the 'commit' command;
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3. by listing files as arguments to the 'commit' command, in which
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case the commit will ignore changes staged in the index, and instead
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record the current content of the listed files (which must already
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be known to git);
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4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically
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"add" changes from all known files (i.e. all files that are already
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listed in the index) and to automatically "rm" files in the index
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that have been removed from the working tree, and then perform the
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actual commit;
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5. by using the --interactive switch with the 'commit' command to decide one
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by one which files should be part of the commit, before finalizing the
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operation. Currently, this is done by invoking 'git-add --interactive'.
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The `--dry-run` option can be used to obtain a
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summary of what is included by any of the above for the next
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commit by giving the same set of parameters (options and paths).
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If you make a commit and then find a mistake immediately after
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that, you can recover from it with 'git-reset'.
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OPTIONS
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-------
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-a::
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--all::
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Tell the command to automatically stage files that have
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been modified and deleted, but new files you have not
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told git about are not affected.
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-C <commit>::
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--reuse-message=<commit>::
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Take an existing commit object, and reuse the log message
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and the authorship information (including the timestamp)
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when creating the commit.
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-c <commit>::
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--reedit-message=<commit>::
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Like '-C', but with '-c' the editor is invoked, so that
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the user can further edit the commit message.
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--reset-author::
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When used with -C/-c/--amend options, declare that the
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authorship of the resulting commit now belongs of the committer.
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This also renews the author timestamp.
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-F <file>::
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--file=<file>::
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Take the commit message from the given file. Use '-' to
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read the message from the standard input.
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--author=<author>::
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Override the author name used in the commit. You can use the
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standard `A U Thor <author@example.com>` format. Otherwise,
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an existing commit that matches the given string and its author
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name is used.
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-m <msg>::
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--message=<msg>::
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Use the given <msg> as the commit message.
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-t <file>::
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--template=<file>::
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Use the contents of the given file as the initial version
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of the commit message. The editor is invoked and you can
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make subsequent changes. If a message is specified using
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the `-m` or `-F` options, this option has no effect. This
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overrides the `commit.template` configuration variable.
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-s::
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--signoff::
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Add Signed-off-by line by the committer at the end of the commit
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log message.
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-n::
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--no-verify::
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This option bypasses the pre-commit and commit-msg hooks.
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See also linkgit:githooks[5].
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--allow-empty::
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Usually recording a commit that has the exact same tree as its
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sole parent commit is a mistake, and the command prevents you
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from making such a commit. This option bypasses the safety, and
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is primarily for use by foreign scm interface scripts.
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--cleanup=<mode>::
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This option sets how the commit message is cleaned up.
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The '<mode>' can be one of 'verbatim', 'whitespace', 'strip',
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and 'default'. The 'default' mode will strip leading and
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trailing empty lines and #commentary from the commit message
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only if the message is to be edited. Otherwise only whitespace
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removed. The 'verbatim' mode does not change message at all,
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'whitespace' removes just leading/trailing whitespace lines
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and 'strip' removes both whitespace and commentary.
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-e::
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--edit::
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The message taken from file with `-F`, command line with
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`-m`, and from file with `-C` are usually used as the
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commit log message unmodified. This option lets you
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further edit the message taken from these sources.
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--amend::
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Used to amend the tip of the current branch. Prepare the tree
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object you would want to replace the latest commit as usual
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(this includes the usual -i/-o and explicit paths), and the
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commit log editor is seeded with the commit message from the
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tip of the current branch. The commit you create replaces the
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current tip -- if it was a merge, it will have the parents of
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the current tip as parents -- so the current top commit is
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discarded.
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+
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--
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It is a rough equivalent for:
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------
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$ git reset --soft HEAD^
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$ ... do something else to come up with the right tree ...
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$ git commit -c ORIG_HEAD
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------
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but can be used to amend a merge commit.
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--
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+
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You should understand the implications of rewriting history if you
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amend a commit that has already been published. (See the "RECOVERING
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FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1].)
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-i::
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--include::
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Before making a commit out of staged contents so far,
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stage the contents of paths given on the command line
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as well. This is usually not what you want unless you
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are concluding a conflicted merge.
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-o::
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--only::
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Make a commit only from the paths specified on the
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command line, disregarding any contents that have been
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staged so far. This is the default mode of operation of
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'git-commit' if any paths are given on the command line,
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in which case this option can be omitted.
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If this option is specified together with '--amend', then
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no paths need to be specified, which can be used to amend
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the last commit without committing changes that have
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already been staged.
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-u[<mode>]::
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--untracked-files[=<mode>]::
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Show untracked files (Default: 'all').
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+
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The mode parameter is optional, and is used to specify
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the handling of untracked files. The possible options are:
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+
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--
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- 'no' - Show no untracked files
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- 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories
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- 'all' - Also shows individual files in untracked directories.
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--
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+
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See linkgit:git-config[1] for configuration variable
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used to change the default for when the option is not
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specified.
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-v::
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--verbose::
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Show unified diff between the HEAD commit and what
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would be committed at the bottom of the commit message
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template. Note that this diff output doesn't have its
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lines prefixed with '#'.
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-q::
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--quiet::
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Suppress commit summary message.
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--dry-run::
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Do not create a commit, but show a list of paths that are
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to be committed, paths with local changes that will be left
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uncommitted and paths that are untracked.
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\--::
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Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
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<file>...::
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When files are given on the command line, the command
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commits the contents of the named files, without
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recording the changes already staged. The contents of
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these files are also staged for the next commit on top
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of what have been staged before.
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EXAMPLES
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--------
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When recording your own work, the contents of modified files in
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your working tree are temporarily stored to a staging area
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called the "index" with 'git-add'. A file can be
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reverted back, only in the index but not in the working tree,
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to that of the last commit with `git reset HEAD -- <file>`,
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which effectively reverts 'git-add' and prevents the changes to
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this file from participating in the next commit. After building
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the state to be committed incrementally with these commands,
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`git commit` (without any pathname parameter) is used to record what
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has been staged so far. This is the most basic form of the
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command. An example:
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------------
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$ edit hello.c
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$ git rm goodbye.c
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$ git add hello.c
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$ git commit
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------------
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Instead of staging files after each individual change, you can
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tell `git commit` to notice the changes to the files whose
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contents are tracked in
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your working tree and do corresponding `git add` and `git rm`
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for you. That is, this example does the same as the earlier
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example if there is no other change in your working tree:
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------------
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$ edit hello.c
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$ rm goodbye.c
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$ git commit -a
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------------
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The command `git commit -a` first looks at your working tree,
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notices that you have modified hello.c and removed goodbye.c,
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and performs necessary `git add` and `git rm` for you.
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After staging changes to many files, you can alter the order the
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changes are recorded in, by giving pathnames to `git commit`.
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When pathnames are given, the command makes a commit that
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only records the changes made to the named paths:
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------------
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$ edit hello.c hello.h
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$ git add hello.c hello.h
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$ edit Makefile
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$ git commit Makefile
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------------
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This makes a commit that records the modification to `Makefile`.
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The changes staged for `hello.c` and `hello.h` are not included
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in the resulting commit. However, their changes are not lost --
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they are still staged and merely held back. After the above
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sequence, if you do:
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------------
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$ git commit
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------------
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this second commit would record the changes to `hello.c` and
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`hello.h` as expected.
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After a merge (initiated by 'git-merge' or 'git-pull') stops
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because of conflicts, cleanly merged
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paths are already staged to be committed for you, and paths that
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conflicted are left in unmerged state. You would have to first
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check which paths are conflicting with 'git-status'
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and after fixing them manually in your working tree, you would
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stage the result as usual with 'git-add':
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------------
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$ git status | grep unmerged
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unmerged: hello.c
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$ edit hello.c
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$ git add hello.c
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------------
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After resolving conflicts and staging the result, `git ls-files -u`
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would stop mentioning the conflicted path. When you are done,
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run `git commit` to finally record the merge:
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------------
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$ git commit
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------------
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As with the case to record your own changes, you can use `-a`
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option to save typing. One difference is that during a merge
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resolution, you cannot use `git commit` with pathnames to
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alter the order the changes are committed, because the merge
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should be recorded as a single commit. In fact, the command
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refuses to run when given pathnames (but see `-i` option).
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DISCUSSION
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----------
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Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message
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with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the
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change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description.
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Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use the first line
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on the Subject: line and the rest of the commit in the body.
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include::i18n.txt[]
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ENVIRONMENT AND CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
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---------------------------------------
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The editor used to edit the commit log message will be chosen from the
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GIT_EDITOR environment variable, the core.editor configuration variable, the
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VISUAL environment variable, or the EDITOR environment variable (in that
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order). See linkgit:git-var[1] for details.
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HOOKS
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-----
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This command can run `commit-msg`, `prepare-commit-msg`, `pre-commit`,
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and `post-commit` hooks. See linkgit:githooks[5] for more
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information.
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SEE ALSO
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--------
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linkgit:git-add[1],
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linkgit:git-rm[1],
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linkgit:git-mv[1],
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linkgit:git-merge[1],
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linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
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Author
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------
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Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and
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Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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GIT
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---
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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