version: bump up to 3.5.5

Merge pull request #14454 from ahrtr/fix_TestV3AuthRestartMember_20220913_3.5
[release-3.5] fix the flaky test TestV3AuthRestartMember
2022-09-15 14:02:30 +02:00 · 2022-09-13 19:40:00 +08:00 · 2022-09-13 16:50:30 +08:00 · 2022-09-13 14:44:38 +08:00 · 2022-09-08 17:58:03 +08:00 · 2022-09-08 11:20:15 +02:00
157 changed files with 5424 additions and 1220 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/e2e.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/e2e.yaml
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - uses: actions/setup-go@v2
      with:
-        go-version: "1.16.3"
+        go-version: "1.16.15"
    - run: date
    - env:
        TARGET: ${{ matrix.target }}
--- a/.github/workflows/functional.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/functional.yaml
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - uses: actions/setup-go@v2
      with:
-        go-version: "1.16.3"
+        go-version: "1.16.15"
    - run: date
    - env:
        TARGET: ${{ matrix.target }}
--- a/.github/workflows/grpcproxy.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/grpcproxy.yaml
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - uses: actions/setup-go@v2
      with:
-        go-version: "1.16.3"
+        go-version: "1.16.15"
    - run: date
    - env:
        TARGET: ${{ matrix.target }}
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yaml
@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+name: Release
+on: [push, pull_request]
+jobs:
+  main:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+      with:
+        go-version: "1.16.15"
+    - run: |
+        git config --global user.email "github-action@etcd.io"
+        git config --global user.name "Github Action"
+        gpg --batch --gen-key <<EOF
+        %no-protection
+        Key-Type: 1
+        Key-Length: 2048
+        Subkey-Type: 1
+        Subkey-Length: 2048
+        Name-Real: Github Action
+        Name-Email: github-action@etcd.io
+        Expire-Date: 0
+        EOF
+        DRY_RUN=true BRANCH=release-3.5 ./scripts/release --no-upload --no-docker-push 3.5.99
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yaml
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - uses: actions/setup-go@v2
      with:
-        go-version: "1.16.3"
+        go-version: "1.16.15"
    - run: date
    - env:
        TARGET: ${{ matrix.target }}
@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ jobs:
            GOARCH=amd64 PASSES='build' ./test.sh
            GOARCH=386 PASSES='build' ./test.sh
            GO_BUILD_FLAGS='-v -mod=readonly' GOOS=darwin GOARCH=amd64 ./build.sh
+            GO_BUILD_FLAGS='-v -mod=readonly' GOOS=darwin GOARCH=arm64 ./build.sh
            GO_BUILD_FLAGS='-v -mod=readonly' GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 ./build.sh
            GO_BUILD_FLAGS='-v -mod=readonly' GOARCH=arm ./build.sh
            GO_BUILD_FLAGS='-v -mod=readonly' GOARCH=arm64 ./build.sh
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ sudo: required
 services: docker

 go:
-  - "1.16.3"
+  - "1.16.15"
  - tip

 notifications:
@ -21,14 +21,14 @@ env:
 matrix:
  fast_finish: true
  allow_failures:
-    - go: "1.16.3"
+    - go: "1.16.15"
      env: TARGET=linux-amd64-coverage
    - go: tip
      env: TARGET=linux-amd64-fmt-unit-go-tip-2-cpu
  exclude:
    - go: tip
      env: TARGET=linux-amd64-coverage
-    - go: "1.16.3"
+    - go: "1.16.15"
      env: TARGET=linux-amd64-fmt-unit-go-tip-2-cpu

 before_install:
--- a/Dockerfile-release.amd64
+++ b/Dockerfile-release.amd64
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # TODO: move to k8s.gcr.io/build-image/debian-base:bullseye-v1.y.z when patched
-FROM debian:bullseye-20210927
+FROM debian:bullseye-20220328

 ADD etcd /usr/local/bin/
 ADD etcdctl /usr/local/bin/
--- a/Dockerfile-release.arm64
+++ b/Dockerfile-release.arm64
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # TODO: move to k8s.gcr.io/build-image/debian-base-arm64:bullseye-1.y.z when patched
-FROM arm64v8/debian:bullseye-20210927
+FROM arm64v8/debian:bullseye-20220328

 ADD etcd /usr/local/bin/
 ADD etcdctl /usr/local/bin/
--- a/Dockerfile-release.ppc64le
+++ b/Dockerfile-release.ppc64le
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # TODO: move to k8s.gcr.io/build-image/debian-base-ppc64le:bullseye-1.y.z when patched
-FROM ppc64le/debian:bullseye-20210927
+FROM ppc64le/debian:bullseye-20220328

 ADD etcd /usr/local/bin/
 ADD etcdctl /usr/local/bin/
--- a/Dockerfile-release.s390x
+++ b/Dockerfile-release.s390x
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # TODO: move to k8s.gcr.io/build-image/debian-base-s390x:bullseye-1.y.z when patched
-FROM s390x/debian:bullseye-20210927
+FROM s390x/debian:bullseye-20220328

 ADD etcd /usr/local/bin/
 ADD etcdctl /usr/local/bin/
--- a/7
+++ b/7
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ docker-remove:



-GO_VERSION ?= 1.16.3
+GO_VERSION ?= 1.16.15
 ETCD_VERSION ?= $(shell git rev-parse --short HEAD || echo "GitNotFound")

 TEST_SUFFIX = $(shell date +%s | base64 | head -c 15)
@ -161,7 +161,10 @@ test-full:
 	$(info log-file: test-$(TEST_SUFFIX).log)
 	PASSES="fmt build release unit integration functional e2e grpcproxy" ./test.sh 2<&1 | tee test-$(TEST_SUFFIX).log

-docker-test:
+ensure-docker-test-image-exists:
+	make pull-docker-test || echo "WARNING: Container Image not found in registry, building locally"; make build-docker-test
+
+docker-test: ensure-docker-test-image-exists
 	$(info GO_VERSION: $(GO_VERSION))
 	$(info ETCD_VERSION: $(ETCD_VERSION))
 	$(info TEST_OPTS: $(TEST_OPTS))
--- a/api/go.mod
+++ b/api/go.mod
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway v1.16.0
 	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20210602131652-f16073e35f0c
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 )

--- a/api/go.sum
+++ b/api/go.sum
@ -3,16 +3,20 @@ cloud.google.com/go v0.34.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMT
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
 github.com/antihax/optional v1.0.0/go.mod h1:uupD/76wgC+ih3iEmQUL+0Ugr19nfwCT1kdvxnR2qWY=
 github.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-proto v0.2.1/go.mod h1:f6KPmirojxKA12rnyqOA5BBL4O983OfeGPqjHWSTneU=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.1/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20191209042840-269d4d468f6f/go.mod h1:M8M6+tZqaGXZJjfX53e64911xZQV5JYwmTeXPW+k8Sc=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20201120205902-5459f2c99403/go.mod h1:WmhPx2Nbnhtbo57+VJT5O0JRkEi1Wbu0z5j0R8u5Hbk=
+github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20210805033703-aa0b78936158/go.mod h1:eXthEFrGJvWHgFFCl3hGmgk+/aYT6PnTQLykKQRLhEs=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.0 h1:wkHLiw0WNATZnSG7epLsujiMCgPAc9xhjJ4tgnAxmfM=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.0/go.mod h1:nnelYz7RCh+5ahJtPPxZlU+153eP4D4r3EedlOD2RNk=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.0/go.mod h1:YTl/9mNaCwkRvm6d1a2C3ymFceY/DCBVvsKhRF0iEA4=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.1-0.20191026205805-5f8ba28d4473/go.mod h1:YTl/9mNaCwkRvm6d1a2C3ymFceY/DCBVvsKhRF0iEA4=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.4/go.mod h1:6rpuAdCZL397s3pYoYcLgu1mIlRU8Am5FuJP05cCM98=
+github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20201210154907-fd9021fe5dad/go.mod h1:cXg6YxExXjJnVBQHBLXeUAgxn2UodCpnH306RInaBQk=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20210217033140-668b12f5399d/go.mod h1:cXg6YxExXjJnVBQHBLXeUAgxn2UodCpnH306RInaBQk=
+github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.10-0.20210907150352-cf90f659a021/go.mod h1:AFq3mo9L8Lqqiid3OhADV3RfLJnjiw63cSpi+fDTRC0=
 github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.1.0/go.mod h1:iSmxcyjqTsJpI2R4NaDN7+kN2VEUnK/pcBlmesArF7c=
 github.com/ghodss/yaml v1.0.0/go.mod h1:4dBDuWmgqj2HViK6kFavaiC9ZROes6MMH2rRYeMEF04=
 github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 h1:Ov1cvc58UF3b5XjBnZv7+opcTcQFZebYjWzi34vdm4Q=
@ -29,6 +33,7 @@ github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.0-rc.4.0.20200313231945-b860323f09d0/go.mod h1:W
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.0/go.mod h1:jodUvKwWbYaEsadDk5Fwe5c77LiNKVO9IDvqG2KuDX0=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.1/go.mod h1:U8fpvMrcmy5pZrNK1lt4xCsGvpyWQ/VVv6QDs8UjoX8=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.2/go.mod h1:oDoupMAO8OvCJWAcko0GGGIgR6R6ocIYbsSw735rRwI=
+github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.3/go.mod h1:oDoupMAO8OvCJWAcko0GGGIgR6R6ocIYbsSw735rRwI=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.0/go.mod h1:FsONVRAS9T7sI+LIUmWTfcYkHO4aIWwzhcaSAoJOfIk=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2 h1:ROPKBNFfQgOUMifHyP+KYbvpjbdoFNs+aK7DXlji0Tw=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2/go.mod h1:XVQd3VNwM+JqD3oG2Ue2ip4fOMUkwXdXDdiuN0vRsmY=
@ -49,9 +54,11 @@ github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190812154241-14fe0d1b01d4/go.mod h1:
 github.com/rogpeppe/fastuuid v1.2.0/go.mod h1:jVj6XXZzXRy/MSR5jhDC/2q6DgLz+nrA6LYCDYWNEvQ=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.5.1/go.mod h1:5W2xD1RspED5o8YsWQXVCued0rvSQ+mT+I5cxcmMvtA=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.1.27/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.2.1/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.3.5/go.mod h1:mwnBkeHKe2W/ZEtQ+71ViKU8L12m81fl3OWwC1Zlc8k=
+go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v0.7.0/go.mod h1:PqfVotwruBrMGOCsRd/89rSnXhoiJIqeYNgFYFoEGnI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
@ -127,8 +134,10 @@ google.golang.org/grpc v1.23.0/go.mod h1:Y5yQAOtifL1yxbo5wqy6BxZv8vAUGQwXBOALyac
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.25.1/go.mod h1:c3i+UQWmh7LiEpx4sFZnkU36qjEYZ0imhYfXVyQciAY=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.27.0/go.mod h1:qbnxyOmOxrQa7FizSgH+ReBfzJrCY1pSN7KXBS8abTk=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.33.1/go.mod h1:fr5YgcSWrqhRRxogOsw7RzIpsmvOZ6IcH4kBYTpR3n0=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0 h1:/9BgsAsa5nWe26HqOlvlgJnqBuktYOLCgjCPqsa56W0=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.36.0/go.mod h1:qjiiYl8FncCW8feJPdyg3v6XW24KsRHe+dy9BAGRRjU=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0/go.mod h1:NREThFqKR1f3iQ6oBuvc5LadQuXVGo9rkm5ZGrQdJfM=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0 h1:f+PlOh7QV4iIJkPrx5NQ7qaNGFQ3OTse67yaDHfju4E=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0/go.mod h1:U3l9uK9J0sini8mHphKoXyaqDA/8VyGnDee1zzIUK6k=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200109180630-ec00e32a8dfd/go.mod h1:DFci5gLYBciE7Vtevhsrf46CRTquxDuWsQurQQe4oz8=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200221191635-4d8936d0db64/go.mod h1:kwYJMbMJ01Woi6D6+Kah6886xMZcty6N08ah7+eCXa0=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200228230310-ab0ca4ff8a60/go.mod h1:cfTl7dwQJ+fmap5saPgwCLgHXTUD7jkjRqWcaiX5VyM=
@ -146,5 +155,6 @@ gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.3/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 h1:D8xgwECY7CYvx+Y2n4sBz93Jn9JRvxdiyyo8CTfuKaY=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190102054323-c2f93a96b099/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190523083050-ea95bdfd59fc/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
--- a/api/v3rpc/rpctypes/error.go
+++ b/api/v3rpc/rpctypes/error.go
@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ var (
 	ErrGRPCTimeout                    = status.New(codes.Unavailable, "etcdserver: request timed out").Err()
 	ErrGRPCTimeoutDueToLeaderFail     = status.New(codes.Unavailable, "etcdserver: request timed out, possibly due to previous leader failure").Err()
 	ErrGRPCTimeoutDueToConnectionLost = status.New(codes.Unavailable, "etcdserver: request timed out, possibly due to connection lost").Err()
+	ErrGRPCTimeoutWaitAppliedIndex    = status.New(codes.Unavailable, "etcdserver: request timed out, waiting for the applied index took too long").Err()
 	ErrGRPCUnhealthy                  = status.New(codes.Unavailable, "etcdserver: unhealthy cluster").Err()
 	ErrGRPCCorrupt                    = status.New(codes.DataLoss, "etcdserver: corrupt cluster").Err()
 	ErrGPRCNotSupportedForLearner     = status.New(codes.Unavailable, "etcdserver: rpc not supported for learner").Err()
@ -208,6 +209,7 @@ var (
 	ErrTimeout                    = Error(ErrGRPCTimeout)
 	ErrTimeoutDueToLeaderFail     = Error(ErrGRPCTimeoutDueToLeaderFail)
 	ErrTimeoutDueToConnectionLost = Error(ErrGRPCTimeoutDueToConnectionLost)
+	ErrTimeoutWaitAppliedIndex    = Error(ErrGRPCTimeoutWaitAppliedIndex)
 	ErrUnhealthy                  = Error(ErrGRPCUnhealthy)
 	ErrCorrupt                    = Error(ErrGRPCCorrupt)
 	ErrBadLeaderTransferee        = Error(ErrGRPCBadLeaderTransferee)
--- a/api/version/version.go
+++ b/api/version/version.go
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import (
 var (
 	// MinClusterVersion is the min cluster version this etcd binary is compatible with.
 	MinClusterVersion = "3.0.0"
-	Version           = "3.5.2"
+	Version           = "3.5.5"
 	APIVersion        = "unknown"

 	// Git SHA Value will be set during build
--- a/bill-of-materials.json
+++ b/bill-of-materials.json
@ -17,6 +17,15 @@
 			}
 		]
 	},
+	{
+		"project": "github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4",
+		"licenses": [
+			{
+				"type": "MIT License",
+				"confidence": 1
+			}
+		]
+	},
 	{
 		"project": "github.com/certifi/gocertifi",
 		"licenses": [
@ -539,15 +548,6 @@
 			}
 		]
 	},
-	{
-		"project": "go.opentelemetry.io/contrib",
-		"licenses": [
-			{
-				"type": "Apache License 2.0",
-				"confidence": 1
-			}
-		]
-	},
 	{
 		"project": "go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc",
 		"licenses": [
@ -567,7 +567,7 @@
 		]
 	},
 	{
-		"project": "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp",
+		"project": "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace",
 		"licenses": [
 			{
 				"type": "Apache License 2.0",
@ -576,7 +576,7 @@
 		]
 	},
 	{
-		"project": "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric",
+		"project": "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc",
 		"licenses": [
 			{
 				"type": "Apache License 2.0",
@ -593,24 +593,6 @@
 			}
 		]
 	},
-	{
-		"project": "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/export/metric",
-		"licenses": [
-			{
-				"type": "Apache License 2.0",
-				"confidence": 1
-			}
-		]
-	},
-	{
-		"project": "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric",
-		"licenses": [
-			{
-				"type": "Apache License 2.0",
-				"confidence": 1
-			}
-		]
-	},
 	{
 		"project": "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace",
 		"licenses": [
--- a/client/pkg/fileutil/filereader.go
+++ b/client/pkg/fileutil/filereader.go
@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The etcd Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package fileutil
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+)
+
+// FileReader is a wrapper of io.Reader. It also provides file info.
+type FileReader interface {
+	io.Reader
+	FileInfo() (fs.FileInfo, error)
+}
+
+type fileReader struct {
+	*os.File
+}
+
+func NewFileReader(f *os.File) FileReader {
+	return &fileReader{f}
+}
+
+func (fr *fileReader) FileInfo() (fs.FileInfo, error) {
+	return fr.Stat()
+}
+
+// FileBufReader is a wrapper of bufio.Reader. It also provides file info.
+type FileBufReader struct {
+	*bufio.Reader
+	fi fs.FileInfo
+}
+
+func NewFileBufReader(fr FileReader) *FileBufReader {
+	bufReader := bufio.NewReader(fr)
+	fi, err := fr.FileInfo()
+	if err != nil {
+		// This should never happen.
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return &FileBufReader{bufReader, fi}
+}
+
+func (fbr *FileBufReader) FileInfo() fs.FileInfo {
+	return fbr.fi
+}
--- a/client/pkg/fileutil/filereader_test.go
+++ b/client/pkg/fileutil/filereader_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The etcd Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package fileutil
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestFileBufReader(t *testing.T) {
+	f, err := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), "wal")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	fi, err := f.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	fbr := NewFileBufReader(NewFileReader(f))
+
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(fbr.FileInfo().Name(), "wal") {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected file name: %s", fbr.FileInfo().Name())
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, fi.Size(), fbr.FileInfo().Size())
+	assert.Equal(t, fi.IsDir(), fbr.FileInfo().IsDir())
+	assert.Equal(t, fi.Mode(), fbr.FileInfo().Mode())
+	assert.Equal(t, fi.ModTime(), fbr.FileInfo().ModTime())
+}
--- a/client/pkg/go.mod
+++ b/client/pkg/go.mod
@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ go 1.16

 require (
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.3.2
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.17.0
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210403161142-5e06dd20ab57
 )
--- a/client/pkg/go.sum
+++ b/client/pkg/go.sum
@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ go.uber.org/zap v1.17.0 h1:MTjgFu6ZLKvY6Pvaqk97GlxNBuMpV4Hy/3P6tRGlI2U=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.17.0/go.mod h1:MXVU+bhUf/A7Xi2HNOnopQOrmycQ5Ih87HtOu4q5SSo=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210403161142-5e06dd20ab57 h1:F5Gozwx4I1xtr/sr/8CFbb57iKi3297KFs0QDbGN60A=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210403161142-5e06dd20ab57/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405 h1:yhCVgyC4o1eVCa2tZl7eS0r+SDo693bJlVdllGtEeKM=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.8 h1:obN1ZagJSUGI0Ek/LBmuj4SNLPfIny3KsKFopxRdj10=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.8/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
--- a/client/pkg/logutil/zap.go
+++ b/client/pkg/logutil/zap.go
@ -21,6 +21,17 @@ import (
 	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 )

+// CreateDefaultZapLogger creates a logger with default zap configuration
+func CreateDefaultZapLogger(level zapcore.Level) (*zap.Logger, error) {
+	lcfg := DefaultZapLoggerConfig
+	lcfg.Level = zap.NewAtomicLevelAt(level)
+	c, err := lcfg.Build()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return c, nil
+}
+
 // DefaultZapLoggerConfig defines default zap logger configuration.
 var DefaultZapLoggerConfig = zap.Config{
 	Level: zap.NewAtomicLevelAt(ConvertToZapLevel(DefaultLogLevel)),
--- a/client/pkg/srv/srv_test.go
+++ b/client/pkg/srv/srv_test.go
@ -228,10 +228,10 @@ func TestSRVDiscover(t *testing.T) {
 			[]*net.SRV{
 				{Target: "a.example.com", Port: 2480},
 				{Target: "b.example.com", Port: 2480},
-				{Target: "c.example.com", Port: 2480},
+				{Target: "c.example.com.", Port: 2480},
 			},
 			[]*net.SRV{},
-			[]string{"https://a.example.com:2480", "https://b.example.com:2480", "https://c.example.com:2480"},
+			[]string{"https://a.example.com:2480", "https://b.example.com:2480", "https://c.example.com.:2480"},
 			false,
 		},
 	}
--- a/client/pkg/transport/keepalive_listener.go
+++ b/client/pkg/transport/keepalive_listener.go
@ -21,26 +21,29 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )

-type keepAliveConn interface {
-	SetKeepAlive(bool) error
-	SetKeepAlivePeriod(d time.Duration) error
-}
-
 // NewKeepAliveListener returns a listener that listens on the given address.
 // Be careful when wrap around KeepAliveListener with another Listener if TLSInfo is not nil.
 // Some pkgs (like go/http) might expect Listener to return TLSConn type to start TLS handshake.
 // http://tldp.org/HOWTO/TCP-Keepalive-HOWTO/overview.html
+//
+// Note(ahrtr):
+// only `net.TCPConn` supports `SetKeepAlive` and `SetKeepAlivePeriod`
+// by default, so if you want to wrap multiple layers of net.Listener,
+// the `keepaliveListener` should be the one which is closest to the
+// original `net.Listener` implementation, namely `TCPListener`.
 func NewKeepAliveListener(l net.Listener, scheme string, tlscfg *tls.Config) (net.Listener, error) {
+	kal := &keepaliveListener{
+		Listener: l,
+	}
+
 	if scheme == "https" {
 		if tlscfg == nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot listen on TLS for given listener: KeyFile and CertFile are not presented")
 		}
-		return newTLSKeepaliveListener(l, tlscfg), nil
+		return newTLSKeepaliveListener(kal, tlscfg), nil
 	}

-	return &keepaliveListener{
-		Listener: l,
-	}, nil
+	return kal, nil
 }

 type keepaliveListener struct{ net.Listener }
@ -50,13 +53,43 @@ func (kln *keepaliveListener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	kac := c.(keepAliveConn)
+
+	kac, err := createKeepaliveConn(c)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create keepalive connection failed, %w", err)
+	}
 	// detection time: tcp_keepalive_time + tcp_keepalive_probes + tcp_keepalive_intvl
 	// default on linux:  30 + 8 * 30
 	// default on osx:    30 + 8 * 75
-	kac.SetKeepAlive(true)
-	kac.SetKeepAlivePeriod(30 * time.Second)
-	return c, nil
+	if err := kac.SetKeepAlive(true); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("SetKeepAlive failed, %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := kac.SetKeepAlivePeriod(30 * time.Second); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("SetKeepAlivePeriod failed, %w", err)
+	}
+	return kac, nil
+}
+
+func createKeepaliveConn(c net.Conn) (*keepAliveConn, error) {
+	tcpc, ok := c.(*net.TCPConn)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, ErrNotTCP
+	}
+	return &keepAliveConn{tcpc}, nil
+}
+
+type keepAliveConn struct {
+	*net.TCPConn
+}
+
+// SetKeepAlive sets keepalive
+func (l *keepAliveConn) SetKeepAlive(doKeepAlive bool) error {
+	return l.TCPConn.SetKeepAlive(doKeepAlive)
+}
+
+// SetKeepAlivePeriod sets keepalive period
+func (l *keepAliveConn) SetKeepAlivePeriod(d time.Duration) error {
+	return l.TCPConn.SetKeepAlivePeriod(d)
 }

 // A tlsKeepaliveListener implements a network listener (net.Listener) for TLS connections.
@ -72,12 +105,6 @@ func (l *tlsKeepaliveListener) Accept() (c net.Conn, err error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
-	kac := c.(keepAliveConn)
-	// detection time: tcp_keepalive_time + tcp_keepalive_probes + tcp_keepalive_intvl
-	// default on linux:  30 + 8 * 30
-	// default on osx:    30 + 8 * 75
-	kac.SetKeepAlive(true)
-	kac.SetKeepAlivePeriod(30 * time.Second)
 	c = tls.Server(c, l.config)
 	return c, nil
 }
--- a/client/pkg/transport/keepalive_listener_test.go
+++ b/client/pkg/transport/keepalive_listener_test.go
@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ func TestNewKeepAliveListener(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected Accept error: %v", err)
 	}
+	if _, ok := conn.(*keepAliveConn); !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("Unexpected conn type: %T, wanted *keepAliveConn", conn)
+	}
 	conn.Close()
 	ln.Close()

--- a/client/pkg/transport/limit_listen.go
+++ b/client/pkg/transport/limit_listen.go
@ -63,6 +63,9 @@ func (l *limitListenerConn) Close() error {
 	return err
 }

+// SetKeepAlive sets keepalive
+//
+// Deprecated: use (*keepAliveConn) SetKeepAlive instead.
 func (l *limitListenerConn) SetKeepAlive(doKeepAlive bool) error {
 	tcpc, ok := l.Conn.(*net.TCPConn)
 	if !ok {
@ -71,6 +74,9 @@ func (l *limitListenerConn) SetKeepAlive(doKeepAlive bool) error {
 	return tcpc.SetKeepAlive(doKeepAlive)
 }

+// SetKeepAlivePeriod sets keepalive period
+//
+// Deprecated: use (*keepAliveConn) SetKeepAlivePeriod instead.
 func (l *limitListenerConn) SetKeepAlivePeriod(d time.Duration) error {
 	tcpc, ok := l.Conn.(*net.TCPConn)
 	if !ok {
--- a/client/pkg/transport/listener.go
+++ b/client/pkg/transport/listener.go
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ func newListener(addr, scheme string, opts ...ListenerOption) (net.Listener, err
 		fallthrough
 	case lnOpts.IsTimeout(), lnOpts.IsSocketOpts():
 		// timeout listener with socket options.
-		ln, err := lnOpts.ListenConfig.Listen(context.TODO(), "tcp", addr)
+		ln, err := newKeepAliveListener(&lnOpts.ListenConfig, addr)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func newListener(addr, scheme string, opts ...ListenerOption) (net.Listener, err
 			writeTimeout: lnOpts.writeTimeout,
 		}
 	case lnOpts.IsTimeout():
-		ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr)
+		ln, err := newKeepAliveListener(nil, addr)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func newListener(addr, scheme string, opts ...ListenerOption) (net.Listener, err
 			writeTimeout: lnOpts.writeTimeout,
 		}
 	default:
-		ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr)
+		ln, err := newKeepAliveListener(nil, addr)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@ -102,6 +102,19 @@ func newListener(addr, scheme string, opts ...ListenerOption) (net.Listener, err
 	return wrapTLS(scheme, lnOpts.tlsInfo, lnOpts.Listener)
 }

+func newKeepAliveListener(cfg *net.ListenConfig, addr string) (ln net.Listener, err error) {
+	if cfg != nil {
+		ln, err = cfg.Listen(context.TODO(), "tcp", addr)
+	} else {
+		ln, err = net.Listen("tcp", addr)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	return NewKeepAliveListener(ln, "tcp", nil)
+}
+
 func wrapTLS(scheme string, tlsinfo *TLSInfo, l net.Listener) (net.Listener, error) {
 	if scheme != "https" && scheme != "unixs" {
 		return l, nil
--- a/client/pkg/transport/listener_test.go
+++ b/client/pkg/transport/listener_test.go
@ -213,6 +213,15 @@ func TestNewListenerWithSocketOpts(t *testing.T) {
 			if !test.expectedErr && err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 			}
+
+			if test.scheme == "http" {
+				lnOpts := newListenOpts(test.opts...)
+				if !lnOpts.IsSocketOpts() && !lnOpts.IsTimeout() {
+					if _, ok := ln.(*keepaliveListener); !ok {
+						t.Fatalf("ln: unexpected listener type: %T, wanted *keepaliveListener", ln)
+					}
+				}
+			}
 		})
 	}
 }
--- a/client/v2/go.mod
+++ b/client/v2/go.mod
@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ go 1.16
 require (
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.11
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.1
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.2
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.5
 )

 replace (
--- a/client/v2/go.sum
+++ b/client/v2/go.sum
@ -3,9 +3,11 @@ cloud.google.com/go v0.34.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMT
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
 github.com/antihax/optional v1.0.0/go.mod h1:uupD/76wgC+ih3iEmQUL+0Ugr19nfwCT1kdvxnR2qWY=
 github.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-proto v0.2.1/go.mod h1:f6KPmirojxKA12rnyqOA5BBL4O983OfeGPqjHWSTneU=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.1/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20191209042840-269d4d468f6f/go.mod h1:M8M6+tZqaGXZJjfX53e64911xZQV5JYwmTeXPW+k8Sc=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20201120205902-5459f2c99403/go.mod h1:WmhPx2Nbnhtbo57+VJT5O0JRkEi1Wbu0z5j0R8u5Hbk=
+github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20210805033703-aa0b78936158/go.mod h1:eXthEFrGJvWHgFFCl3hGmgk+/aYT6PnTQLykKQRLhEs=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.0 h1:wkHLiw0WNATZnSG7epLsujiMCgPAc9xhjJ4tgnAxmfM=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.0/go.mod h1:nnelYz7RCh+5ahJtPPxZlU+153eP4D4r3EedlOD2RNk=
 github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.3.2/go.mod h1:Y58oyj3AT4RCenI/lSvhwexgC+NSVTIJ3seZv2GcEnc=
@ -15,7 +17,9 @@ github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSs
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.0/go.mod h1:YTl/9mNaCwkRvm6d1a2C3ymFceY/DCBVvsKhRF0iEA4=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.1-0.20191026205805-5f8ba28d4473/go.mod h1:YTl/9mNaCwkRvm6d1a2C3ymFceY/DCBVvsKhRF0iEA4=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.4/go.mod h1:6rpuAdCZL397s3pYoYcLgu1mIlRU8Am5FuJP05cCM98=
+github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20201210154907-fd9021fe5dad/go.mod h1:cXg6YxExXjJnVBQHBLXeUAgxn2UodCpnH306RInaBQk=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20210217033140-668b12f5399d/go.mod h1:cXg6YxExXjJnVBQHBLXeUAgxn2UodCpnH306RInaBQk=
+github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.10-0.20210907150352-cf90f659a021/go.mod h1:AFq3mo9L8Lqqiid3OhADV3RfLJnjiw63cSpi+fDTRC0=
 github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.1.0/go.mod h1:iSmxcyjqTsJpI2R4NaDN7+kN2VEUnK/pcBlmesArF7c=
 github.com/ghodss/yaml v1.0.0/go.mod h1:4dBDuWmgqj2HViK6kFavaiC9ZROes6MMH2rRYeMEF04=
 github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.0.4/go.mod h1:xhWf0FNVPg57R7Z0UbKHbJfkEywrmjJnf7w5xrFpKfA=
@ -32,6 +36,7 @@ github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.0-rc.4.0.20200313231945-b860323f09d0/go.mod h1:W
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.0/go.mod h1:jodUvKwWbYaEsadDk5Fwe5c77LiNKVO9IDvqG2KuDX0=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.1/go.mod h1:U8fpvMrcmy5pZrNK1lt4xCsGvpyWQ/VVv6QDs8UjoX8=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.2/go.mod h1:oDoupMAO8OvCJWAcko0GGGIgR6R6ocIYbsSw735rRwI=
+github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.3/go.mod h1:oDoupMAO8OvCJWAcko0GGGIgR6R6ocIYbsSw735rRwI=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.0/go.mod h1:FsONVRAS9T7sI+LIUmWTfcYkHO4aIWwzhcaSAoJOfIk=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2/go.mod h1:XVQd3VNwM+JqD3oG2Ue2ip4fOMUkwXdXDdiuN0vRsmY=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oXzfMopK8JAjlY9xF4vHSVASa0yLyX7SntLO5aqRK0M=
@ -65,6 +70,7 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.1.27/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.2.1/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.3.5/go.mod h1:mwnBkeHKe2W/ZEtQ+71ViKU8L12m81fl3OWwC1Zlc8k=
+go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v0.7.0/go.mod h1:PqfVotwruBrMGOCsRd/89rSnXhoiJIqeYNgFYFoEGnI=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0/go.mod h1:fEN4uk6kAWBTFdckzkM89CLk9XfWZrxpCo0nPH17wJc=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.6.0/go.mod h1:cdWPpRnG4AhwMwsgIHip0KRBQjJy5kYEpYjJxpXp9iU=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.17.0/go.mod h1:MXVU+bhUf/A7Xi2HNOnopQOrmycQ5Ih87HtOu4q5SSo=
@ -139,7 +145,9 @@ google.golang.org/grpc v1.23.0/go.mod h1:Y5yQAOtifL1yxbo5wqy6BxZv8vAUGQwXBOALyac
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.25.1/go.mod h1:c3i+UQWmh7LiEpx4sFZnkU36qjEYZ0imhYfXVyQciAY=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.27.0/go.mod h1:qbnxyOmOxrQa7FizSgH+ReBfzJrCY1pSN7KXBS8abTk=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.33.1/go.mod h1:fr5YgcSWrqhRRxogOsw7RzIpsmvOZ6IcH4kBYTpR3n0=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.36.0/go.mod h1:qjiiYl8FncCW8feJPdyg3v6XW24KsRHe+dy9BAGRRjU=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0/go.mod h1:NREThFqKR1f3iQ6oBuvc5LadQuXVGo9rkm5ZGrQdJfM=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0/go.mod h1:U3l9uK9J0sini8mHphKoXyaqDA/8VyGnDee1zzIUK6k=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200109180630-ec00e32a8dfd/go.mod h1:DFci5gLYBciE7Vtevhsrf46CRTquxDuWsQurQQe4oz8=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200221191635-4d8936d0db64/go.mod h1:kwYJMbMJ01Woi6D6+Kah6886xMZcty6N08ah7+eCXa0=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200228230310-ab0ca4ff8a60/go.mod h1:cfTl7dwQJ+fmap5saPgwCLgHXTUD7jkjRqWcaiX5VyM=
--- a/client/v3/client.go
+++ b/client/v3/client.go
@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/v3rpc/rpctypes"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/logutil"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3/credentials"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3/internal/endpoint"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3/internal/resolver"
@ -184,7 +185,9 @@ func (c *Client) Sync(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 	var eps []string
 	for _, m := range mresp.Members {
-		eps = append(eps, m.ClientURLs...)
+		if len(m.Name) != 0 && !m.IsLearner {
+			eps = append(eps, m.ClientURLs...)
+		}
 	}
 	c.SetEndpoints(eps...)
 	return nil
@ -283,8 +286,7 @@ func (c *Client) dial(creds grpccredentials.TransportCredentials, dopts ...grpc.
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to configure dialer: %v", err)
 	}
-	if c.Username != "" && c.Password != "" {
-		c.authTokenBundle = credentials.NewBundle(credentials.Config{})
+	if c.authTokenBundle != nil {
 		opts = append(opts, grpc.WithPerRPCCredentials(c.authTokenBundle.PerRPCCredentials()))
 	}

@ -368,7 +370,10 @@ func newClient(cfg *Config) (*Client, error) {
 	} else if cfg.LogConfig != nil {
 		client.lg, err = cfg.LogConfig.Build()
 	} else {
-		client.lg, err = CreateDefaultZapLogger()
+		client.lg, err = logutil.CreateDefaultZapLogger(etcdClientDebugLevel())
+		if client.lg != nil {
+			client.lg = client.lg.Named("etcd-client")
+		}
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@ -377,6 +382,7 @@ func newClient(cfg *Config) (*Client, error) {
 	if cfg.Username != "" && cfg.Password != "" {
 		client.Username = cfg.Username
 		client.Password = cfg.Password
+		client.authTokenBundle = credentials.NewBundle(credentials.Config{})
 	}
 	if cfg.MaxCallSendMsgSize > 0 || cfg.MaxCallRecvMsgSize > 0 {
 		if cfg.MaxCallRecvMsgSize > 0 && cfg.MaxCallSendMsgSize > cfg.MaxCallRecvMsgSize {
--- a/client/v3/client_test.go
+++ b/client/v3/client_test.go
@ -17,13 +17,14 @@ package clientv3
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"net"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/etcdserverpb"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/v3rpc/rpctypes"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/testutil"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/zaptest"

 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
@ -198,3 +199,98 @@ func TestZapWithLogger(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("WithZapLogger should modify *zap.Logger")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestAuthTokenBundleNoOverwrite(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a mock AuthServer to handle Authenticate RPCs.
+	lis, err := net.Listen("unix", "etcd-auth-test:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer lis.Close()
+	addr := "unix:" + lis.Addr().String()
+	srv := grpc.NewServer()
+	etcdserverpb.RegisterAuthServer(srv, mockAuthServer{})
+	go srv.Serve(lis)
+	defer srv.Stop()
+
+	// Create a client, which should call Authenticate on the mock server to
+	// exchange username/password for an auth token.
+	c, err := NewClient(t, Config{
+		DialTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
+		Endpoints:   []string{addr},
+		Username:    "foo",
+		Password:    "bar",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer c.Close()
+	oldTokenBundle := c.authTokenBundle
+
+	// Call the public Dial again, which should preserve the original
+	// authTokenBundle.
+	gc, err := c.Dial(addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer gc.Close()
+	newTokenBundle := c.authTokenBundle
+
+	if oldTokenBundle != newTokenBundle {
+		t.Error("Client.authTokenBundle has been overwritten during Client.Dial")
+	}
+}
+
+type mockAuthServer struct {
+	*etcdserverpb.UnimplementedAuthServer
+}
+
+func (mockAuthServer) Authenticate(context.Context, *etcdserverpb.AuthenticateRequest) (*etcdserverpb.AuthenticateResponse, error) {
+	return &etcdserverpb.AuthenticateResponse{Token: "mock-token"}, nil
+}
+
+func TestSyncFiltersMembers(t *testing.T) {
+	c, _ := NewClient(t, Config{Endpoints: []string{"http://254.0.0.1:12345"}})
+	defer c.Close()
+	c.Cluster = &mockCluster{
+		[]*etcdserverpb.Member{
+			{ID: 0, Name: "", ClientURLs: []string{"http://254.0.0.1:12345"}, IsLearner: false},
+			{ID: 1, Name: "isStarted", ClientURLs: []string{"http://254.0.0.2:12345"}, IsLearner: true},
+			{ID: 2, Name: "isStartedAndNotLearner", ClientURLs: []string{"http://254.0.0.3:12345"}, IsLearner: false},
+		},
+	}
+	c.Sync(context.Background())
+
+	endpoints := c.Endpoints()
+	if len(endpoints) != 1 || endpoints[0] != "http://254.0.0.3:12345" {
+		t.Error("Client.Sync uses learner and/or non-started member client URLs")
+	}
+}
+
+type mockCluster struct {
+	members []*etcdserverpb.Member
+}
+
+func (mc *mockCluster) MemberList(ctx context.Context) (*MemberListResponse, error) {
+	return &MemberListResponse{Members: mc.members}, nil
+}
+
+func (mc *mockCluster) MemberAdd(ctx context.Context, peerAddrs []string) (*MemberAddResponse, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (mc *mockCluster) MemberAddAsLearner(ctx context.Context, peerAddrs []string) (*MemberAddResponse, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (mc *mockCluster) MemberRemove(ctx context.Context, id uint64) (*MemberRemoveResponse, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (mc *mockCluster) MemberUpdate(ctx context.Context, id uint64, peerAddrs []string) (*MemberUpdateResponse, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (mc *mockCluster) MemberPromote(ctx context.Context, id uint64) (*MemberPromoteResponse, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
--- a/client/v3/go.mod
+++ b/client/v3/go.mod
@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ go 1.16
 require (
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.0
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.0
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.2
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.1
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.5
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.17.0
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0
 	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.2.0
 )

--- a/client/v3/go.sum
+++ b/client/v3/go.sum
@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.1/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XL
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20191209042840-269d4d468f6f/go.mod h1:M8M6+tZqaGXZJjfX53e64911xZQV5JYwmTeXPW+k8Sc=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20201120205902-5459f2c99403/go.mod h1:WmhPx2Nbnhtbo57+VJT5O0JRkEi1Wbu0z5j0R8u5Hbk=
+github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20210805033703-aa0b78936158/go.mod h1:eXthEFrGJvWHgFFCl3hGmgk+/aYT6PnTQLykKQRLhEs=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.0 h1:wkHLiw0WNATZnSG7epLsujiMCgPAc9xhjJ4tgnAxmfM=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.0/go.mod h1:nnelYz7RCh+5ahJtPPxZlU+153eP4D4r3EedlOD2RNk=
 github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.3.2 h1:D9/bQk5vlXQFZ6Kwuu6zaiXJ9oTPe68++AzAJc1DzSI=
@ -29,7 +30,9 @@ github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.0/go.mod h1:HtrtbFcZ19U5GC7JDqmcUSB87Iq5E25Kn
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.0/go.mod h1:YTl/9mNaCwkRvm6d1a2C3ymFceY/DCBVvsKhRF0iEA4=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.1-0.20191026205805-5f8ba28d4473/go.mod h1:YTl/9mNaCwkRvm6d1a2C3ymFceY/DCBVvsKhRF0iEA4=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.4/go.mod h1:6rpuAdCZL397s3pYoYcLgu1mIlRU8Am5FuJP05cCM98=
+github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20201210154907-fd9021fe5dad/go.mod h1:cXg6YxExXjJnVBQHBLXeUAgxn2UodCpnH306RInaBQk=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20210217033140-668b12f5399d/go.mod h1:cXg6YxExXjJnVBQHBLXeUAgxn2UodCpnH306RInaBQk=
+github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.10-0.20210907150352-cf90f659a021/go.mod h1:AFq3mo9L8Lqqiid3OhADV3RfLJnjiw63cSpi+fDTRC0=
 github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.1.0/go.mod h1:iSmxcyjqTsJpI2R4NaDN7+kN2VEUnK/pcBlmesArF7c=
 github.com/ghodss/yaml v1.0.0/go.mod h1:4dBDuWmgqj2HViK6kFavaiC9ZROes6MMH2rRYeMEF04=
 github.com/go-kit/kit v0.8.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2as=
@ -106,8 +109,8 @@ github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZN
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v0.9.1/go.mod h1:7SWBe2y4D6OKWSNQJUaRYU/AaXPKyh/dDVn+NZz0KFw=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.0.0/go.mod h1:db9x61etRT2tGnBNRi70OPL5FsnadC4Ky3P0J6CfImo=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.7.1/go.mod h1:PY5Wy2awLA44sXw4AOSfFBetzPP4j5+D6mVACh+pe2M=
-github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.0 h1:HNkLOAEQMIDv/K+04rukrLx6ch7msSRwf3/SASFAGtQ=
-github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.0/go.mod h1:Z6t4BnS23TR94PD6BsDNk8yVqroYurpAkEiz0P2BEV0=
+github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.1 h1:+4eQaD7vAZ6DsfsxB15hbE0odUjGI5ARs9yskGu1v4s=
+github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.1/go.mod h1:Z6t4BnS23TR94PD6BsDNk8yVqroYurpAkEiz0P2BEV0=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20180712105110-5c3871d89910/go.mod h1:MbSGuTsp3dbXC40dX6PRTWyKYBIrTGTE9sqQNg2J8bo=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190129233127-fd36f4220a90/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190812154241-14fe0d1b01d4/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=
@ -137,6 +140,7 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.1.27/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.2.1/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.3.5/go.mod h1:mwnBkeHKe2W/ZEtQ+71ViKU8L12m81fl3OWwC1Zlc8k=
+go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v0.7.0/go.mod h1:PqfVotwruBrMGOCsRd/89rSnXhoiJIqeYNgFYFoEGnI=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0 h1:ADUqmZGgLDDfbSL9ZmPxKTybcoEYHgpYfELNoN+7hsw=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0/go.mod h1:fEN4uk6kAWBTFdckzkM89CLk9XfWZrxpCo0nPH17wJc=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.6.0 h1:y6IPFStTAIT5Ytl7/XYmHvzXQ7S3g/IeZW9hyZ5thw4=
@ -234,8 +238,10 @@ google.golang.org/grpc v1.23.0/go.mod h1:Y5yQAOtifL1yxbo5wqy6BxZv8vAUGQwXBOALyac
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.25.1/go.mod h1:c3i+UQWmh7LiEpx4sFZnkU36qjEYZ0imhYfXVyQciAY=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.27.0/go.mod h1:qbnxyOmOxrQa7FizSgH+ReBfzJrCY1pSN7KXBS8abTk=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.33.1/go.mod h1:fr5YgcSWrqhRRxogOsw7RzIpsmvOZ6IcH4kBYTpR3n0=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0 h1:/9BgsAsa5nWe26HqOlvlgJnqBuktYOLCgjCPqsa56W0=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.36.0/go.mod h1:qjiiYl8FncCW8feJPdyg3v6XW24KsRHe+dy9BAGRRjU=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0/go.mod h1:NREThFqKR1f3iQ6oBuvc5LadQuXVGo9rkm5ZGrQdJfM=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0 h1:f+PlOh7QV4iIJkPrx5NQ7qaNGFQ3OTse67yaDHfju4E=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0/go.mod h1:U3l9uK9J0sini8mHphKoXyaqDA/8VyGnDee1zzIUK6k=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200109180630-ec00e32a8dfd/go.mod h1:DFci5gLYBciE7Vtevhsrf46CRTquxDuWsQurQQe4oz8=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200221191635-4d8936d0db64/go.mod h1:kwYJMbMJ01Woi6D6+Kah6886xMZcty6N08ah7+eCXa0=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200228230310-ab0ca4ff8a60/go.mod h1:cfTl7dwQJ+fmap5saPgwCLgHXTUD7jkjRqWcaiX5VyM=
--- a/client/v3/lease.go
+++ b/client/v3/lease.go
@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ func (l *lessor) closeRequireLeader() {
 	}
 }

-func (l *lessor) keepAliveOnce(ctx context.Context, id LeaseID) (*LeaseKeepAliveResponse, error) {
+func (l *lessor) keepAliveOnce(ctx context.Context, id LeaseID) (karesp *LeaseKeepAliveResponse, ferr error) {
 	cctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	defer cancel()

@ -406,6 +406,15 @@ func (l *lessor) keepAliveOnce(ctx context.Context, id LeaseID) (*LeaseKeepAlive
 		return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
 	}

+	defer func() {
+		if err := stream.CloseSend(); err != nil {
+			if ferr == nil {
+				ferr = toErr(ctx, err)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+	}()
+
 	err = stream.Send(&pb.LeaseKeepAliveRequest{ID: int64(id)})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, toErr(ctx, err)
@ -416,7 +425,7 @@ func (l *lessor) keepAliveOnce(ctx context.Context, id LeaseID) (*LeaseKeepAlive
 		return nil, toErr(ctx, rerr)
 	}

-	karesp := &LeaseKeepAliveResponse{
+	karesp = &LeaseKeepAliveResponse{
 		ResponseHeader: resp.GetHeader(),
 		ID:             LeaseID(resp.ID),
 		TTL:            resp.TTL,
--- a/client/v3/logger.go
+++ b/client/v3/logger.go
@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import (
 	"os"

 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/logutil"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/zapgrpc"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/grpclog"
@ -29,10 +28,11 @@ func init() {
 	// We override grpc logger only when the environment variable is set
 	// in order to not interfere by default with user's code or other libraries.
 	if os.Getenv("ETCD_CLIENT_DEBUG") != "" {
-		lg, err := CreateDefaultZapLogger()
+		lg, err := logutil.CreateDefaultZapLogger(etcdClientDebugLevel())
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}
+		lg = lg.Named("etcd-client")
 		grpclog.SetLoggerV2(zapgrpc.NewLogger(lg))
 	}
 }
@ -51,27 +51,9 @@ func etcdClientDebugLevel() zapcore.Level {
 		return zapcore.InfoLevel
 	}
 	var l zapcore.Level
-	if err := l.Set(envLevel); err == nil {
-		log.Printf("Deprecated env ETCD_CLIENT_DEBUG value. Using default level: 'info'")
+	if err := l.Set(envLevel); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Invalid value for environment variable 'ETCD_CLIENT_DEBUG'. Using default level: 'info'")
 		return zapcore.InfoLevel
 	}
 	return l
 }
-
-// CreateDefaultZapLoggerConfig creates a logger config that is configurable using env variable:
-// ETCD_CLIENT_DEBUG= debug|info|warn|error|dpanic|panic|fatal|true (true=info)
-func CreateDefaultZapLoggerConfig() zap.Config {
-	lcfg := logutil.DefaultZapLoggerConfig
-	lcfg.Level = zap.NewAtomicLevelAt(etcdClientDebugLevel())
-	return lcfg
-}
-
-// CreateDefaultZapLogger creates a logger that is configurable using env variable:
-// ETCD_CLIENT_DEBUG= debug|info|warn|error|dpanic|panic|fatal|true (true=info)
-func CreateDefaultZapLogger() (*zap.Logger, error) {
-	c, err := CreateDefaultZapLoggerConfig().Build()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return c.Named("etcd-client"), nil
-}
--- a/client/v3/mirror/syncer.go
+++ b/client/v3/mirror/syncer.go
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ package mirror
 import (
 	"context"

-	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
+	clientv3 "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
 )

 const (
@ -52,7 +52,13 @@ func (s *syncer) SyncBase(ctx context.Context) (<-chan clientv3.GetResponse, cha

 	// if rev is not specified, we will choose the most recent revision.
 	if s.rev == 0 {
-		resp, err := s.c.Get(ctx, "foo")
+		// If len(s.prefix) == 0, we will check a random key to fetch the most recent
+		// revision (foo), otherwise we use the provided prefix.
+		checkPath := "foo"
+		if len(s.prefix) != 0 {
+			checkPath = s.prefix
+		}
+		resp, err := s.c.Get(ctx, checkPath)
 		if err != nil {
 			errchan <- err
 			close(respchan)
--- a/client/v3/op.go
+++ b/client/v3/op.go
@ -77,6 +77,9 @@ type Op struct {
 	cmps    []Cmp
 	thenOps []Op
 	elseOps []Op
+
+	isOptsWithFromKey bool
+	isOptsWithPrefix  bool
 }

 // accessors / mutators
@ -216,6 +219,10 @@ func (op Op) isWrite() bool {
 	return op.t != tRange
 }

+func NewOp() *Op {
+	return &Op{key: []byte("")}
+}
+
 // OpGet returns "get" operation based on given key and operation options.
 func OpGet(key string, opts ...OpOption) Op {
 	// WithPrefix and WithFromKey are not supported together
@ -382,6 +389,7 @@ func getPrefix(key []byte) []byte {
 // can return 'foo1', 'foo2', and so on.
 func WithPrefix() OpOption {
 	return func(op *Op) {
+		op.isOptsWithPrefix = true
 		if len(op.key) == 0 {
 			op.key, op.end = []byte{0}, []byte{0}
 			return
@ -406,6 +414,7 @@ func WithFromKey() OpOption {
 			op.key = []byte{0}
 		}
 		op.end = []byte("\x00")
+		op.isOptsWithFromKey = true
 	}
 }

@ -554,7 +563,21 @@ func toLeaseTimeToLiveRequest(id LeaseID, opts ...LeaseOption) *pb.LeaseTimeToLi
 }

 // IsOptsWithPrefix returns true if WithPrefix option is called in the given opts.
-func IsOptsWithPrefix(opts []OpOption) bool { return isOpFuncCalled("WithPrefix", opts) }
+func IsOptsWithPrefix(opts []OpOption) bool {
+	ret := NewOp()
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(ret)
+	}
+
+	return ret.isOptsWithPrefix
+}

 // IsOptsWithFromKey returns true if WithFromKey option is called in the given opts.
-func IsOptsWithFromKey(opts []OpOption) bool { return isOpFuncCalled("WithFromKey", opts) }
+func IsOptsWithFromKey(opts []OpOption) bool {
+	ret := NewOp()
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(ret)
+	}
+
+	return ret.isOptsWithFromKey
+}
--- a/client/v3/op_test.go
+++ b/client/v3/op_test.go
@ -36,3 +36,27 @@ func TestOpWithSort(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected %+v, got %+v", wreq, req)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestIsOptsWithPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	optswithprefix := []OpOption{WithPrefix()}
+	if !IsOptsWithPrefix(optswithprefix) {
+		t.Errorf("IsOptsWithPrefix = false, expected true")
+	}
+
+	optswithfromkey := []OpOption{WithFromKey()}
+	if IsOptsWithPrefix(optswithfromkey) {
+		t.Errorf("IsOptsWithPrefix = true, expected false")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsOptsWithFromKey(t *testing.T) {
+	optswithfromkey := []OpOption{WithFromKey()}
+	if !IsOptsWithFromKey(optswithfromkey) {
+		t.Errorf("IsOptsWithFromKey = false, expected true")
+	}
+
+	optswithprefix := []OpOption{WithPrefix()}
+	if IsOptsWithFromKey(optswithprefix) {
+		t.Errorf("IsOptsWithFromKey = true, expected false")
+	}
+}
--- a/client/v3/snapshot/v3_snapshot.go
+++ b/client/v3/snapshot/v3_snapshot.go
@ -44,9 +44,6 @@ func hasChecksum(n int64) bool {
 // selected node, and saved snapshot is the point-in-time state of
 // the selected node.
 func Save(ctx context.Context, lg *zap.Logger, cfg clientv3.Config, dbPath string) error {
-	if lg == nil {
-		lg = zap.NewExample()
-	}
 	cfg.Logger = lg.Named("client")
 	if len(cfg.Endpoints) != 1 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("snapshot must be requested to one selected node, not multiple %v", cfg.Endpoints)
--- a/client/v3/utils.go
+++ b/client/v3/utils.go
@ -16,9 +16,6 @@ package clientv3

 import (
 	"math/rand"
-	"reflect"
-	"runtime"
-	"strings"
 	"time"
 )

@ -32,18 +29,3 @@ func jitterUp(duration time.Duration, jitter float64) time.Duration {
 	multiplier := jitter * (rand.Float64()*2 - 1)
 	return time.Duration(float64(duration) * (1 + multiplier))
 }
-
-// Check if the provided function is being called in the op options.
-func isOpFuncCalled(op string, opts []OpOption) bool {
-	for _, opt := range opts {
-		v := reflect.ValueOf(opt)
-		if v.Kind() == reflect.Func {
-			if opFunc := runtime.FuncForPC(v.Pointer()); opFunc != nil {
-				if strings.Contains(opFunc.Name(), op) {
-					return true
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
--- a/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/defrag_command.go
+++ b/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/defrag_command.go
@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ func defragCommandFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		if err != nil {
 			cobrautl.ExitWithError(cobrautl.ExitError, err)
 		}
+		return
 	}

 	failures := 0
--- a/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/ep_command.go
+++ b/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/ep_command.go
@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (

 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/etcdserverpb"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/v3rpc/rpctypes"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/logutil"
 	v3 "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/cobrautl"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/flags"
@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ type epHealth struct {

 // epHealthCommandFunc executes the "endpoint-health" command.
 func epHealthCommandFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-	lg, err := zap.NewProduction()
+	lg, err := logutil.CreateDefaultZapLogger(zap.InfoLevel)
 	if err != nil {
 		cobrautl.ExitWithError(cobrautl.ExitError, err)
 	}
--- a/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/global.go
+++ b/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/global.go
@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/bgentry/speakeasy"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/logutil"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/srv"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/transport"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ func (*discardValue) Set(string) error { return nil }
 func (*discardValue) Type() string     { return "" }

 func clientConfigFromCmd(cmd *cobra.Command) *clientConfig {
-	lg, err := zap.NewProduction()
+	lg, err := logutil.CreateDefaultZapLogger(zap.InfoLevel)
 	if err != nil {
 		cobrautl.ExitWithError(cobrautl.ExitError, err)
 	}
@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ func newClientCfg(endpoints []string, dialTimeout, keepAliveTime, keepAliveTimeo
 	// set tls if any one tls option set
 	var cfgtls *transport.TLSInfo
 	tlsinfo := transport.TLSInfo{}
-	tlsinfo.Logger, _ = zap.NewProduction()
+	tlsinfo.Logger, _ = logutil.CreateDefaultZapLogger(zap.InfoLevel)
 	if scfg.cert != "" {
 		tlsinfo.CertFile = scfg.cert
 		cfgtls = &tlsinfo
--- a/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/move_leader_command.go
+++ b/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/move_leader_command.go
@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ func transferLeadershipCommandFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		cobrautl.ExitWithError(cobrautl.ExitBadArgs, err)
 	}

-	c := mustClientFromCmd(cmd)
+	cfg := clientConfigFromCmd(cmd)
+	c := cfg.mustClient()
 	eps := c.Endpoints()
 	c.Close()

@ -53,7 +54,6 @@ func transferLeadershipCommandFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	var leaderCli *clientv3.Client
 	var leaderID uint64
 	for _, ep := range eps {
-		cfg := clientConfigFromCmd(cmd)
 		cfg.endpoints = []string{ep}
 		cli := cfg.mustClient()
 		resp, serr := cli.Status(ctx, ep)
--- a/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/printer_json.go
+++ b/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/printer_json.go
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func printMemberListWithHexJSON(r clientv3.MemberListResponse) {
 	b = strconv.AppendUint(nil, r.Header.MemberId, 16)
 	buffer.Write(b)
 	buffer.WriteString("\",\"raft_term\":")
-	b = strconv.AppendUint(nil, r.Header.RaftTerm, 16)
+	b = strconv.AppendUint(nil, r.Header.RaftTerm, 10)
 	buffer.Write(b)
 	buffer.WriteByte('}')
 	for i := 0; i < len(r.Members); i++ {
--- a/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/snapshot_command.go
+++ b/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/snapshot_command.go
@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"os"

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/logutil"
 	snapshot "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3/snapshot"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/etcdutl/v3/etcdutl"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/cobrautl"
@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ func snapshotSaveCommandFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		cobrautl.ExitWithError(cobrautl.ExitBadArgs, err)
 	}

-	lg, err := zap.NewProduction()
+	lg, err := logutil.CreateDefaultZapLogger(zap.InfoLevel)
 	if err != nil {
 		cobrautl.ExitWithError(cobrautl.ExitError, err)
 	}
--- a/etcdctl/go.mod
+++ b/etcdctl/go.mod
@ -9,15 +9,15 @@ require (
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.1.3
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5
 	github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.4
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v2 v2.305.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/etcdutl/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3 v3.5.2
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v2 v2.305.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/etcdutl/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3 v3.5.5
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.17.0
 	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20210220033141-f8bda1e9f3ba
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0
 	gopkg.in/cheggaaa/pb.v1 v1.0.28
 )

--- a/etcdctl/go.sum
+++ b/etcdctl/go.sum
@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ github.com/antihax/optional v1.0.0/go.mod h1:uupD/76wgC+ih3iEmQUL+0Ugr19nfwCT1kd
 github.com/armon/circbuf v0.0.0-20150827004946-bbbad097214e/go.mod h1:3U/XgcO3hCbHZ8TKRvWD2dDTCfh9M9ya+I9JpbB7O8o=
 github.com/armon/go-metrics v0.0.0-20180917152333-f0300d1749da/go.mod h1:Q73ZrmVTwzkszR9V5SSuryQ31EELlFMUz1kKyl939pY=
 github.com/armon/go-radix v0.0.0-20180808171621-7fddfc383310/go.mod h1:ufUuZ+zHj4x4TnLV4JWEpy2hxWSpsRywHrMgIH9cCH8=
-github.com/benbjohnson/clock v1.0.3/go.mod h1:bGMdMPoPVvcYyt1gHDf4J2KE153Yf9BuiUKYMaxlTDM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v0.0.0-20180321164747-3a771d992973/go.mod h1:Dwedo/Wpr24TaqPxmxbtue+5NUziq4I4S80YR8gNf3Q=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.0/go.mod h1:KWe93zE9D1o94FZ5RNwFwVgaQK1VOXiVxmqh+CedLV8=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
@ -32,6 +31,7 @@ github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6r
 github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.1.0 h1:ByYyxL9InA1OWqxJqqp2A5pYHUrCiAL6K3J+LKSsQkY=
 github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.1.0/go.mod h1:+zsyZBPWlz7T6j88CTgSN5bM796AkVf0kBD4zp0CCIs=
 github.com/bketelsen/crypt v0.0.3-0.20200106085610-5cbc8cc4026c/go.mod h1:MKsuJmJgSg28kpZDP6UIiPt0e0Oz0kqKNGyRaWEPv84=
+github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.1.1/go.mod h1:scbssz8iZGpm3xbr14ovlUdkxfGXNInqkPWOWmG2CLw=
 github.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-proto v0.2.1/go.mod h1:f6KPmirojxKA12rnyqOA5BBL4O983OfeGPqjHWSTneU=
 github.com/certifi/gocertifi v0.0.0-20191021191039-0944d244cd40/go.mod h1:sGbDF6GwGcLpkNXPUTkMRoywsNa/ol15pxFe6ERfguA=
 github.com/certifi/gocertifi v0.0.0-20200922220541-2c3bb06c6054 h1:uH66TXeswKn5PW5zdZ39xEwfS9an067BirqA+P4QaLI=
@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.1/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XL
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20191209042840-269d4d468f6f/go.mod h1:M8M6+tZqaGXZJjfX53e64911xZQV5JYwmTeXPW+k8Sc=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20201120205902-5459f2c99403/go.mod h1:WmhPx2Nbnhtbo57+VJT5O0JRkEi1Wbu0z5j0R8u5Hbk=
+github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20210312221358-fbca930ec8ed/go.mod h1:eXthEFrGJvWHgFFCl3hGmgk+/aYT6PnTQLykKQRLhEs=
+github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20210805033703-aa0b78936158/go.mod h1:eXthEFrGJvWHgFFCl3hGmgk+/aYT6PnTQLykKQRLhEs=
 github.com/cockroachdb/datadriven v0.0.0-20200714090401-bf6692d28da5 h1:xD/lrqdvwsc+O2bjSSi3YqY73Ke3LAiSCx49aCesA0E=
 github.com/cockroachdb/datadriven v0.0.0-20200714090401-bf6692d28da5/go.mod h1:h6jFvWxBdQXxjopDMZyH2UVceIRfR84bdzbkoKrsWNo=
 github.com/cockroachdb/errors v1.2.4 h1:Lap807SXTH5tri2TivECb/4abUkMZC9zRoLarvcKDqs=
@ -75,6 +77,8 @@ github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.1-0.20191026205805-5f8ba28d4473/go.m
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.4/go.mod h1:6rpuAdCZL397s3pYoYcLgu1mIlRU8Am5FuJP05cCM98=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20201210154907-fd9021fe5dad/go.mod h1:cXg6YxExXjJnVBQHBLXeUAgxn2UodCpnH306RInaBQk=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20210217033140-668b12f5399d/go.mod h1:cXg6YxExXjJnVBQHBLXeUAgxn2UodCpnH306RInaBQk=
+github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20210512163311-63b5d3c536b0/go.mod h1:hliV/p42l8fGbc6Y9bQ70uLwIvmJyVE5k4iMKlh8wCQ=
+github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.10-0.20210907150352-cf90f659a021/go.mod h1:AFq3mo9L8Lqqiid3OhADV3RfLJnjiw63cSpi+fDTRC0=
 github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.1.0/go.mod h1:iSmxcyjqTsJpI2R4NaDN7+kN2VEUnK/pcBlmesArF7c=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.7.0 h1:DkWD4oS2D8LGGgTQ6IvwJJXSL5Vp2ffcQg58nFV38Ys=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.7.0/go.mod h1:Zm6kSWBoL9eyXnKyktHP6abPY2pDugNf5KwzbycvMj4=
@ -130,8 +134,9 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.3.1/go.mod h1:8QqcDgzrUqlUb/G2PQTWiueGozuR1884gddMyw
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.4.0/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.0/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.4/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5 h1:Khx7svrCpmxxtHBq5j2mp/xVjsi8hQMfNLvJFAlrGgU=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.6 h1:BKbKCqvP6I+rmFHt06ZmyQtvB8xAkWdhFyr0ZUNZcxQ=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.6/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/gofuzz v1.0.0/go.mod h1:dBl0BpW6vV/+mYPU4Po3pmUjxk6FQPldtuIdl/M65Eg=
 github.com/google/martian v2.1.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:9I4somxYTbIHy5NJKHRl3wXiIaQGbYVAs8BPL6v8lEs=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20181206194817-3ea8567a2e57/go.mod h1:zfwlbNMJ+OItoe0UupaVj+oy1omPYYDuagoSzA8v9mc=
@ -236,8 +241,8 @@ github.com/prometheus/client_golang v0.9.1/go.mod h1:7SWBe2y4D6OKWSNQJUaRYU/AaXP
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v0.9.3/go.mod h1:/TN21ttK/J9q6uSwhBd54HahCDft0ttaMvbicHlPoso=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.0.0/go.mod h1:db9x61etRT2tGnBNRi70OPL5FsnadC4Ky3P0J6CfImo=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.7.1/go.mod h1:PY5Wy2awLA44sXw4AOSfFBetzPP4j5+D6mVACh+pe2M=
-github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.0 h1:HNkLOAEQMIDv/K+04rukrLx6ch7msSRwf3/SASFAGtQ=
-github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.0/go.mod h1:Z6t4BnS23TR94PD6BsDNk8yVqroYurpAkEiz0P2BEV0=
+github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.1 h1:+4eQaD7vAZ6DsfsxB15hbE0odUjGI5ARs9yskGu1v4s=
+github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.1/go.mod h1:Z6t4BnS23TR94PD6BsDNk8yVqroYurpAkEiz0P2BEV0=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20180712105110-5c3871d89910/go.mod h1:MbSGuTsp3dbXC40dX6PRTWyKYBIrTGTE9sqQNg2J8bo=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190129233127-fd36f4220a90/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190812154241-14fe0d1b01d4/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=
@ -306,28 +311,20 @@ go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.6 h1:/ecaJf0sk1l4l6V4awd65v2C3ILy7MSj+s/x1ADCIMU=
 go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.6/go.mod h1:qXsaaIqmgQH0T+OPdb99Bf+PKfBBQVAdyD6TY9G8XM4=
 go.opencensus.io v0.21.0/go.mod h1:mSImk1erAIZhrmZN+AvHh14ztQfjbGwt4TtuofqLduU=
 go.opencensus.io v0.22.0/go.mod h1:+kGneAE2xo2IficOXnaByMWTGM9T73dGwxeWcUqIpI8=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib v0.20.0 h1:ubFQUn0VCZ0gPwIoJfBJVpeBlyRMxu8Mm/huKWYd9p0=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib v0.20.0/go.mod h1:G/EtFaa6qaN7+LxqfIAT3GiZa7Wv5DTBUzl5H4LY0Kc=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.20.0 h1:sO4WKdPAudZGKPcpZT4MJn6JaDmpyLrMPDGGyA1SttE=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.20.0/go.mod h1:oVGt1LRbBOBq1A5BQLlUg9UaU/54aiHw8cgjV3aWZ/E=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v0.20.0 h1:eaP0Fqu7SXHwvjiqDq83zImeehOHX8doTvU9AwXON8g=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v0.20.0/go.mod h1:Y3ugLH2oa81t5QO+Lty+zXf8zC9L26ax4Nzoxm/dooo=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp v0.20.0/go.mod h1:YIieizyaN77rtLJra0buKiNBOm9XQfkPEKBeuhoMwAM=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v0.20.0 h1:4kzhXFP+btKm4jwxpjIqjs41A7MakRFUS86bqLHTIw8=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v0.20.0/go.mod h1:598I5tYlH1vzBjn+BTuhzTCSb/9debfNp6R3s7Pr1eU=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/oteltest v0.20.0 h1:HiITxCawalo5vQzdHfKeZurV8x7ljcqAgiWzF6Vaeaw=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/oteltest v0.20.0/go.mod h1:L7bgKf9ZB7qCwT9Up7i9/pn0PWIa9FqQ2IQ8LoxiGnw=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v0.20.0/go.mod h1:g/IcepuwNsoiX5Byy2nNV0ySUF1em498m7hBWC279Yc=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/export/metric v0.20.0/go.mod h1:h7RBNMsDJ5pmI1zExLi+bJK+Dr8NQCh0qGhm1KDnNlE=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v0.20.0/go.mod h1:knxiS8Xd4E/N+ZqKmUPf3gTTZ4/0TjTXukfxjzSTpHE=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v0.20.0 h1:1DL6EXUdcg95gukhuRRvLDO/4X5THh/5dIV52lqtnbw=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v0.20.0/go.mod h1:6GjCW8zgDjwGHGa6GkyeB8+/5vjT16gUEi0Nf1iBdgw=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.25.0 h1:Wx7nFnvCaissIUZxPkBqDz2963Z+Cl+PkYbDKzTxDqQ=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.25.0/go.mod h1:E5NNboN0UqSAki0Atn9kVwaN7I+l25gGxDqBueo/74E=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.0.1 h1:4XKyXmfqJLOQ7feyV5DB6gsBFZ0ltB8vLtp6pj4JIcc=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.0.1/go.mod h1:OPEOD4jIT2SlZPMmwT6FqZz2C0ZNdQqiWcoK6M0SNFU=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.0.1/go.mod h1:Kv8liBeVNFkkkbilbgWRpV+wWuu+H5xdOT6HAgd30iw=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.0.1/go.mod h1:xOvWoTOrQjxjW61xtOmD/WKGRYb/P4NzRo3bs65U6Rk=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.0.1/go.mod h1:HrdXne+BiwsOHYYkBE5ysIcv2bvdZstxzmCQhxTcZkI=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.0.1 h1:StTeIH6Q3G4r0Fiw34LTokUFESZgIDUr0qIJ7mKmAfw=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.0.1/go.mod h1:5g4i4fKLaX2BQpSBsxw8YYcgKpMMSW3x7ZTuYBr3sUk=
 go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v0.7.0/go.mod h1:PqfVotwruBrMGOCsRd/89rSnXhoiJIqeYNgFYFoEGnI=
+go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v0.9.0/go.mod h1:1vKfU9rv61e9EVGthD1zNvUbiwPcimSsOPU9brfSHJg=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.4.0/go.mod h1:gD2HeocX3+yG+ygLZcrzQJaqmWj9AIm7n08wl/qW/PE=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0 h1:ADUqmZGgLDDfbSL9ZmPxKTybcoEYHgpYfELNoN+7hsw=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0/go.mod h1:fEN4uk6kAWBTFdckzkM89CLk9XfWZrxpCo0nPH17wJc=
-go.uber.org/goleak v1.1.10 h1:z+mqJhf6ss6BSfSM671tgKyZBFPTTJM+HLxnhPC3wu0=
-go.uber.org/goleak v1.1.10/go.mod h1:8a7PlsEVH3e/a/GLqe5IIrQx6GzcnRmZEufDUTk4A7A=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.1.0/go.mod h1:wR5kodmAFQ0UK8QlbwjlSNy0Z68gJhDJUG5sjR94q/0=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.6.0 h1:y6IPFStTAIT5Ytl7/XYmHvzXQ7S3g/IeZW9hyZ5thw4=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.6.0/go.mod h1:cdWPpRnG4AhwMwsgIHip0KRBQjJy5kYEpYjJxpXp9iU=
@ -341,8 +338,8 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190510104115-cbcb75029529/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8U
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190605123033-f99c8df09eb5/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20201002170205-7f63de1d35b0 h1:hb9wdF1z5waM+dSIICn1l0DkLVDT3hqhhQsDNUmHPRE=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20201002170205-7f63de1d35b0/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220411220226-7b82a4e95df4 h1:kUhD7nTDoI3fVd9G4ORWrbV5NY0liEs/Jg2pv5f+bBA=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220411220226-7b82a4e95df4/go.mod h1:IxCIyHEi3zRg3s0A5j5BB6A9Jmi73HwBIUl50j+osU4=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190306152737-a1d7652674e8/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190510132918-efd6b22b2522/go.mod h1:ZjyILWgesfNpC6sMxTJOJm9Kp84zZh5NQWvqDGG3Qr8=
@ -357,7 +354,6 @@ golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190313153728-d0100b6bd8b3/go.mod h1:6SW0HCj/g11FgYtHl
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190409202823-959b441ac422/go.mod h1:6SW0HCj/g11FgYtHlgUYUwCkIfeOF89ocIRzGO/8vkc=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190909230951-414d861bb4ac/go.mod h1:6SW0HCj/g11FgYtHlgUYUwCkIfeOF89ocIRzGO/8vkc=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190930215403-16217165b5de/go.mod h1:6SW0HCj/g11FgYtHlgUYUwCkIfeOF89ocIRzGO/8vkc=
-golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20210508222113-6edffad5e616 h1:VLliZ0d+/avPrXXH+OakdXhpJuEoBZuwh1m2j7U6Iug=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20210508222113-6edffad5e616/go.mod h1:3xt1FjdF8hUf6vQPIChWIBhFzV8gjjsPE/fR3IyQdNY=
 golang.org/x/mobile v0.0.0-20190312151609-d3739f865fa6/go.mod h1:z+o9i4GpDbdi3rU15maQ/Ox0txvL9dWGYEHz965HBQE=
 golang.org/x/mobile v0.0.0-20190719004257-d2bd2a29d028/go.mod h1:E/iHnbuqvinMTCcRqshq8CkpyQDoeVncDDYHnLhea+o=
@ -387,8 +383,9 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200625001655-4c5254603344/go.mod h1:/O7V0waA8r7cgGh81R
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200822124328-c89045814202/go.mod h1:/O7V0waA8r7cgGh81Ro3o1hOxt32SMVPicZroKQ2sZA=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201202161906-c7110b5ffcbb/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210405180319-a5a99cb37ef4 h1:4nGaVu0QrbjT/AK2PRLuQfQuh6DJve+pELhqTdAj3x0=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210405180319-a5a99cb37ef4/go.mod h1:p54w0d4576C0XHj96bSt6lcn1PtDYWL6XObtHCRCNQM=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20211112202133-69e39bad7dc2 h1:CIJ76btIcR3eFI5EgSo6k1qKw9KJexJuRLI9G7Hp5wE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20211112202133-69e39bad7dc2/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190226205417-e64efc72b421/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190604053449-0f29369cfe45/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
@ -428,16 +425,20 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210124154548-22da62e12c0c/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210330210617-4fbd30eecc44/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210403161142-5e06dd20ab57/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423082822-04245dca01da/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423185535-09eb48e85fd7/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210510120138-977fb7262007/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210603081109-ebe580a85c40 h1:JWgyZ1qgdTaF3N3oxC+MdTV7qvEEgHo3otj+HB5CM7Q=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210603081109-ebe580a85c40/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1 h1:SrN+KX8Art/Sf4HNj6Zcz06G7VEz+7w9tdXTPOZ7+l4=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.1-0.20180807135948-17ff2d5776d2/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.2/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.5 h1:i6eZZ+zk0SOf0xgBpEpPD18qWcJda6q1sxt3S0kzyUQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.5/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.6 h1:aRYxNxv6iGQlyVaZmk6ZgYEDa+Jg18DxebPSrd6bg1M=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20181108054448-85acf8d2951c/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20190308202827-9d24e82272b4/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20210220033141-f8bda1e9f3ba h1:O8mE0/t419eoIwhTFpKVkHiTs/Igowgfkj25AcZrtiE=
@ -460,13 +461,11 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190628153133-6cdbf07be9d0/go.mod h1:/rFqwRUd4F7ZHNgw
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190816200558-6889da9d5479/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190911174233-4f2ddba30aff/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191012152004-8de300cfc20a/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191108193012-7d206e10da11/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191112195655-aa38f8e97acc/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200130002326-2f3ba24bd6e7/go.mod h1:TB2adYChydJhpapKDTa4BR/hXlZSLoq2Wpct/0txZ28=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200619180055-7c47624df98f/go.mod h1:EkVYQZoAsY45+roYkvgYkIh4xh/qjgUK9TdY2XT94GE=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20210106214847-113979e3529a/go.mod h1:emZCQorbCU4vsT4fOWvOPXz4eW1wZW4PmDk9uLelYpA=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.1.2 h1:kRBLX7v7Af8W7Gdbbc908OJcdgtK8bOz9Uaj8/F1ACA=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.2/go.mod h1:o0xws9oXOQQZyjljx8fwUC0k7L1pTE6eaCbjGeHmOkk=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
@ -506,9 +505,11 @@ google.golang.org/grpc v1.27.0/go.mod h1:qbnxyOmOxrQa7FizSgH+ReBfzJrCY1pSN7KXBS8
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.29.1/go.mod h1:itym6AZVZYACWQqET3MqgPpjcuV5QH3BxFS3IjizoKk=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.33.1/go.mod h1:fr5YgcSWrqhRRxogOsw7RzIpsmvOZ6IcH4kBYTpR3n0=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.36.0/go.mod h1:qjiiYl8FncCW8feJPdyg3v6XW24KsRHe+dy9BAGRRjU=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.37.0/go.mod h1:NREThFqKR1f3iQ6oBuvc5LadQuXVGo9rkm5ZGrQdJfM=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0 h1:/9BgsAsa5nWe26HqOlvlgJnqBuktYOLCgjCPqsa56W0=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.37.1/go.mod h1:NREThFqKR1f3iQ6oBuvc5LadQuXVGo9rkm5ZGrQdJfM=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0/go.mod h1:NREThFqKR1f3iQ6oBuvc5LadQuXVGo9rkm5ZGrQdJfM=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.40.0/go.mod h1:ogyxbiOoUXAkP+4+xa6PZSE9DZgIHtSpzjDTB9KAK34=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0 h1:f+PlOh7QV4iIJkPrx5NQ7qaNGFQ3OTse67yaDHfju4E=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0/go.mod h1:U3l9uK9J0sini8mHphKoXyaqDA/8VyGnDee1zzIUK6k=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200109180630-ec00e32a8dfd/go.mod h1:DFci5gLYBciE7Vtevhsrf46CRTquxDuWsQurQQe4oz8=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200221191635-4d8936d0db64/go.mod h1:kwYJMbMJ01Woi6D6+Kah6886xMZcty6N08ah7+eCXa0=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200228230310-ab0ca4ff8a60/go.mod h1:cfTl7dwQJ+fmap5saPgwCLgHXTUD7jkjRqWcaiX5VyM=
@ -519,8 +520,9 @@ google.golang.org/protobuf v1.23.0/go.mod h1:EGpADcykh3NcUnDUJcl1+ZksZNG86OlYog2
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.23.1-0.20200526195155-81db48ad09cc/go.mod h1:EGpADcykh3NcUnDUJcl1+ZksZNG86OlYog2l/sGQquU=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.25.0/go.mod h1:9JNX74DMeImyA3h4bdi1ymwjUzf21/xIlbajtzgsN7c=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:jlhhOSvTdKEhbULTjvd4ARK9grFBp09yW+WbY/TyQbw=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0 h1:bxAC2xTBsZGibn2RTntX0oH50xLsqy1OxA9tTL3p/lk=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0/go.mod h1:9q0QmTI4eRPtz6boOQmLYwt+qCgq0jsYwAQnmE0givc=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.27.1 h1:SnqbnDw1V7RiZcXPx5MEeqPv2s79L9i7BJUlG/+RurQ=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.27.1/go.mod h1:9q0QmTI4eRPtz6boOQmLYwt+qCgq0jsYwAQnmE0givc=
 gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2 v2.2.6/go.mod h1:FMv+mEhP44yOT+4EoQTLFTRgOQ1FBLkstjWtayDeSgw=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
--- a/etcdutl/etcdutl/backup_command.go
+++ b/etcdutl/etcdutl/backup_command.go
@ -319,10 +319,10 @@ func saveDB(lg *zap.Logger, destDB, srcDB string, idx uint64, term uint64, desir

 	if !v3 {
 		tx := be.BatchTx()
-		tx.Lock()
+		tx.LockOutsideApply()
 		defer tx.Unlock()
 		cindex.UnsafeCreateMetaBucket(tx)
-		cindex.UnsafeUpdateConsistentIndex(tx, idx, term, false)
+		cindex.UnsafeUpdateConsistentIndex(tx, idx, term)
 	} else {
 		// Thanks to translateWAL not moving entries, but just replacing them with
 		// 'empty', there is no need to update the consistency index.
--- a/etcdutl/etcdutl/common.go
+++ b/etcdutl/etcdutl/common.go
@ -15,13 +15,14 @@
 package etcdutl

 import (
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/logutil"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/cobrautl"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
 )

 func GetLogger() *zap.Logger {
-	config := zap.NewProductionConfig()
+	config := logutil.DefaultZapLoggerConfig
 	config.Encoding = "console"
 	config.EncoderConfig.EncodeTime = zapcore.RFC3339TimeEncoder
 	lg, err := config.Build()
--- a/etcdutl/go.mod
+++ b/etcdutl/go.mod
@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.1.3
 	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.6
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/raft/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3 v3.5.2
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/raft/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3 v3.5.5
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.17.0
 )
--- a/etcdutl/go.sum
+++ b/etcdutl/go.sum
@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ github.com/antihax/optional v1.0.0/go.mod h1:uupD/76wgC+ih3iEmQUL+0Ugr19nfwCT1kd
 github.com/armon/circbuf v0.0.0-20150827004946-bbbad097214e/go.mod h1:3U/XgcO3hCbHZ8TKRvWD2dDTCfh9M9ya+I9JpbB7O8o=
 github.com/armon/go-metrics v0.0.0-20180917152333-f0300d1749da/go.mod h1:Q73ZrmVTwzkszR9V5SSuryQ31EELlFMUz1kKyl939pY=
 github.com/armon/go-radix v0.0.0-20180808171621-7fddfc383310/go.mod h1:ufUuZ+zHj4x4TnLV4JWEpy2hxWSpsRywHrMgIH9cCH8=
-github.com/benbjohnson/clock v1.0.3/go.mod h1:bGMdMPoPVvcYyt1gHDf4J2KE153Yf9BuiUKYMaxlTDM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v0.0.0-20180321164747-3a771d992973/go.mod h1:Dwedo/Wpr24TaqPxmxbtue+5NUziq4I4S80YR8gNf3Q=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.0/go.mod h1:KWe93zE9D1o94FZ5RNwFwVgaQK1VOXiVxmqh+CedLV8=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
 github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.1.0/go.mod h1:+zsyZBPWlz7T6j88CTgSN5bM796AkVf0kBD4zp0CCIs=
 github.com/bketelsen/crypt v0.0.3-0.20200106085610-5cbc8cc4026c/go.mod h1:MKsuJmJgSg28kpZDP6UIiPt0e0Oz0kqKNGyRaWEPv84=
+github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.1.1/go.mod h1:scbssz8iZGpm3xbr14ovlUdkxfGXNInqkPWOWmG2CLw=
 github.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-proto v0.2.1/go.mod h1:f6KPmirojxKA12rnyqOA5BBL4O983OfeGPqjHWSTneU=
 github.com/certifi/gocertifi v0.0.0-20191021191039-0944d244cd40/go.mod h1:sGbDF6GwGcLpkNXPUTkMRoywsNa/ol15pxFe6ERfguA=
 github.com/certifi/gocertifi v0.0.0-20200922220541-2c3bb06c6054 h1:uH66TXeswKn5PW5zdZ39xEwfS9an067BirqA+P4QaLI=
@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.1/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XL
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20191209042840-269d4d468f6f/go.mod h1:M8M6+tZqaGXZJjfX53e64911xZQV5JYwmTeXPW+k8Sc=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20201120205902-5459f2c99403/go.mod h1:WmhPx2Nbnhtbo57+VJT5O0JRkEi1Wbu0z5j0R8u5Hbk=
+github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20210312221358-fbca930ec8ed/go.mod h1:eXthEFrGJvWHgFFCl3hGmgk+/aYT6PnTQLykKQRLhEs=
+github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20210805033703-aa0b78936158/go.mod h1:eXthEFrGJvWHgFFCl3hGmgk+/aYT6PnTQLykKQRLhEs=
 github.com/cockroachdb/datadriven v0.0.0-20200714090401-bf6692d28da5 h1:xD/lrqdvwsc+O2bjSSi3YqY73Ke3LAiSCx49aCesA0E=
 github.com/cockroachdb/datadriven v0.0.0-20200714090401-bf6692d28da5/go.mod h1:h6jFvWxBdQXxjopDMZyH2UVceIRfR84bdzbkoKrsWNo=
 github.com/cockroachdb/errors v1.2.4 h1:Lap807SXTH5tri2TivECb/4abUkMZC9zRoLarvcKDqs=
@ -72,6 +74,8 @@ github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.1-0.20191026205805-5f8ba28d4473/go.m
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.4/go.mod h1:6rpuAdCZL397s3pYoYcLgu1mIlRU8Am5FuJP05cCM98=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20201210154907-fd9021fe5dad/go.mod h1:cXg6YxExXjJnVBQHBLXeUAgxn2UodCpnH306RInaBQk=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20210217033140-668b12f5399d/go.mod h1:cXg6YxExXjJnVBQHBLXeUAgxn2UodCpnH306RInaBQk=
+github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20210512163311-63b5d3c536b0/go.mod h1:hliV/p42l8fGbc6Y9bQ70uLwIvmJyVE5k4iMKlh8wCQ=
+github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.10-0.20210907150352-cf90f659a021/go.mod h1:AFq3mo9L8Lqqiid3OhADV3RfLJnjiw63cSpi+fDTRC0=
 github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.1.0/go.mod h1:iSmxcyjqTsJpI2R4NaDN7+kN2VEUnK/pcBlmesArF7c=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.7.0/go.mod h1:Zm6kSWBoL9eyXnKyktHP6abPY2pDugNf5KwzbycvMj4=
 github.com/form3tech-oss/jwt-go v3.2.3+incompatible h1:7ZaBxOI7TMoYBfyA3cQHErNNyAWIKUMIwqxEtgHOs5c=
@ -126,8 +130,9 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.3.1/go.mod h1:8QqcDgzrUqlUb/G2PQTWiueGozuR1884gddMyw
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.4.0/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.0/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.4/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5 h1:Khx7svrCpmxxtHBq5j2mp/xVjsi8hQMfNLvJFAlrGgU=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.6 h1:BKbKCqvP6I+rmFHt06ZmyQtvB8xAkWdhFyr0ZUNZcxQ=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.6/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/gofuzz v1.0.0/go.mod h1:dBl0BpW6vV/+mYPU4Po3pmUjxk6FQPldtuIdl/M65Eg=
 github.com/google/martian v2.1.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:9I4somxYTbIHy5NJKHRl3wXiIaQGbYVAs8BPL6v8lEs=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20181206194817-3ea8567a2e57/go.mod h1:zfwlbNMJ+OItoe0UupaVj+oy1omPYYDuagoSzA8v9mc=
@ -230,8 +235,8 @@ github.com/prometheus/client_golang v0.9.1/go.mod h1:7SWBe2y4D6OKWSNQJUaRYU/AaXP
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v0.9.3/go.mod h1:/TN21ttK/J9q6uSwhBd54HahCDft0ttaMvbicHlPoso=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.0.0/go.mod h1:db9x61etRT2tGnBNRi70OPL5FsnadC4Ky3P0J6CfImo=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.7.1/go.mod h1:PY5Wy2awLA44sXw4AOSfFBetzPP4j5+D6mVACh+pe2M=
-github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.0 h1:HNkLOAEQMIDv/K+04rukrLx6ch7msSRwf3/SASFAGtQ=
-github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.0/go.mod h1:Z6t4BnS23TR94PD6BsDNk8yVqroYurpAkEiz0P2BEV0=
+github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.1 h1:+4eQaD7vAZ6DsfsxB15hbE0odUjGI5ARs9yskGu1v4s=
+github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.1/go.mod h1:Z6t4BnS23TR94PD6BsDNk8yVqroYurpAkEiz0P2BEV0=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20180712105110-5c3871d89910/go.mod h1:MbSGuTsp3dbXC40dX6PRTWyKYBIrTGTE9sqQNg2J8bo=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190129233127-fd36f4220a90/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190812154241-14fe0d1b01d4/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=
@ -296,28 +301,20 @@ go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.6 h1:/ecaJf0sk1l4l6V4awd65v2C3ILy7MSj+s/x1ADCIMU=
 go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.6/go.mod h1:qXsaaIqmgQH0T+OPdb99Bf+PKfBBQVAdyD6TY9G8XM4=
 go.opencensus.io v0.21.0/go.mod h1:mSImk1erAIZhrmZN+AvHh14ztQfjbGwt4TtuofqLduU=
 go.opencensus.io v0.22.0/go.mod h1:+kGneAE2xo2IficOXnaByMWTGM9T73dGwxeWcUqIpI8=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib v0.20.0 h1:ubFQUn0VCZ0gPwIoJfBJVpeBlyRMxu8Mm/huKWYd9p0=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib v0.20.0/go.mod h1:G/EtFaa6qaN7+LxqfIAT3GiZa7Wv5DTBUzl5H4LY0Kc=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.20.0 h1:sO4WKdPAudZGKPcpZT4MJn6JaDmpyLrMPDGGyA1SttE=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.20.0/go.mod h1:oVGt1LRbBOBq1A5BQLlUg9UaU/54aiHw8cgjV3aWZ/E=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v0.20.0 h1:eaP0Fqu7SXHwvjiqDq83zImeehOHX8doTvU9AwXON8g=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v0.20.0/go.mod h1:Y3ugLH2oa81t5QO+Lty+zXf8zC9L26ax4Nzoxm/dooo=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp v0.20.0/go.mod h1:YIieizyaN77rtLJra0buKiNBOm9XQfkPEKBeuhoMwAM=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v0.20.0 h1:4kzhXFP+btKm4jwxpjIqjs41A7MakRFUS86bqLHTIw8=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v0.20.0/go.mod h1:598I5tYlH1vzBjn+BTuhzTCSb/9debfNp6R3s7Pr1eU=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/oteltest v0.20.0 h1:HiITxCawalo5vQzdHfKeZurV8x7ljcqAgiWzF6Vaeaw=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/oteltest v0.20.0/go.mod h1:L7bgKf9ZB7qCwT9Up7i9/pn0PWIa9FqQ2IQ8LoxiGnw=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v0.20.0/go.mod h1:g/IcepuwNsoiX5Byy2nNV0ySUF1em498m7hBWC279Yc=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/export/metric v0.20.0/go.mod h1:h7RBNMsDJ5pmI1zExLi+bJK+Dr8NQCh0qGhm1KDnNlE=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v0.20.0/go.mod h1:knxiS8Xd4E/N+ZqKmUPf3gTTZ4/0TjTXukfxjzSTpHE=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v0.20.0 h1:1DL6EXUdcg95gukhuRRvLDO/4X5THh/5dIV52lqtnbw=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v0.20.0/go.mod h1:6GjCW8zgDjwGHGa6GkyeB8+/5vjT16gUEi0Nf1iBdgw=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.25.0 h1:Wx7nFnvCaissIUZxPkBqDz2963Z+Cl+PkYbDKzTxDqQ=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.25.0/go.mod h1:E5NNboN0UqSAki0Atn9kVwaN7I+l25gGxDqBueo/74E=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.0.1 h1:4XKyXmfqJLOQ7feyV5DB6gsBFZ0ltB8vLtp6pj4JIcc=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.0.1/go.mod h1:OPEOD4jIT2SlZPMmwT6FqZz2C0ZNdQqiWcoK6M0SNFU=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.0.1/go.mod h1:Kv8liBeVNFkkkbilbgWRpV+wWuu+H5xdOT6HAgd30iw=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.0.1/go.mod h1:xOvWoTOrQjxjW61xtOmD/WKGRYb/P4NzRo3bs65U6Rk=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.0.1/go.mod h1:HrdXne+BiwsOHYYkBE5ysIcv2bvdZstxzmCQhxTcZkI=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.0.1 h1:StTeIH6Q3G4r0Fiw34LTokUFESZgIDUr0qIJ7mKmAfw=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.0.1/go.mod h1:5g4i4fKLaX2BQpSBsxw8YYcgKpMMSW3x7ZTuYBr3sUk=
 go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v0.7.0/go.mod h1:PqfVotwruBrMGOCsRd/89rSnXhoiJIqeYNgFYFoEGnI=
+go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v0.9.0/go.mod h1:1vKfU9rv61e9EVGthD1zNvUbiwPcimSsOPU9brfSHJg=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.4.0/go.mod h1:gD2HeocX3+yG+ygLZcrzQJaqmWj9AIm7n08wl/qW/PE=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0 h1:ADUqmZGgLDDfbSL9ZmPxKTybcoEYHgpYfELNoN+7hsw=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0/go.mod h1:fEN4uk6kAWBTFdckzkM89CLk9XfWZrxpCo0nPH17wJc=
-go.uber.org/goleak v1.1.10 h1:z+mqJhf6ss6BSfSM671tgKyZBFPTTJM+HLxnhPC3wu0=
-go.uber.org/goleak v1.1.10/go.mod h1:8a7PlsEVH3e/a/GLqe5IIrQx6GzcnRmZEufDUTk4A7A=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.1.0/go.mod h1:wR5kodmAFQ0UK8QlbwjlSNy0Z68gJhDJUG5sjR94q/0=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.6.0 h1:y6IPFStTAIT5Ytl7/XYmHvzXQ7S3g/IeZW9hyZ5thw4=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.6.0/go.mod h1:cdWPpRnG4AhwMwsgIHip0KRBQjJy5kYEpYjJxpXp9iU=
@ -331,8 +328,8 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190510104115-cbcb75029529/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8U
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190605123033-f99c8df09eb5/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20201002170205-7f63de1d35b0 h1:hb9wdF1z5waM+dSIICn1l0DkLVDT3hqhhQsDNUmHPRE=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20201002170205-7f63de1d35b0/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220411220226-7b82a4e95df4 h1:kUhD7nTDoI3fVd9G4ORWrbV5NY0liEs/Jg2pv5f+bBA=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220411220226-7b82a4e95df4/go.mod h1:IxCIyHEi3zRg3s0A5j5BB6A9Jmi73HwBIUl50j+osU4=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190306152737-a1d7652674e8/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190510132918-efd6b22b2522/go.mod h1:ZjyILWgesfNpC6sMxTJOJm9Kp84zZh5NQWvqDGG3Qr8=
@ -347,7 +344,6 @@ golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190313153728-d0100b6bd8b3/go.mod h1:6SW0HCj/g11FgYtHl
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190409202823-959b441ac422/go.mod h1:6SW0HCj/g11FgYtHlgUYUwCkIfeOF89ocIRzGO/8vkc=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190909230951-414d861bb4ac/go.mod h1:6SW0HCj/g11FgYtHlgUYUwCkIfeOF89ocIRzGO/8vkc=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190930215403-16217165b5de/go.mod h1:6SW0HCj/g11FgYtHlgUYUwCkIfeOF89ocIRzGO/8vkc=
-golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20210508222113-6edffad5e616 h1:VLliZ0d+/avPrXXH+OakdXhpJuEoBZuwh1m2j7U6Iug=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20210508222113-6edffad5e616/go.mod h1:3xt1FjdF8hUf6vQPIChWIBhFzV8gjjsPE/fR3IyQdNY=
 golang.org/x/mobile v0.0.0-20190312151609-d3739f865fa6/go.mod h1:z+o9i4GpDbdi3rU15maQ/Ox0txvL9dWGYEHz965HBQE=
 golang.org/x/mobile v0.0.0-20190719004257-d2bd2a29d028/go.mod h1:E/iHnbuqvinMTCcRqshq8CkpyQDoeVncDDYHnLhea+o=
@ -377,8 +373,9 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200625001655-4c5254603344/go.mod h1:/O7V0waA8r7cgGh81R
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200822124328-c89045814202/go.mod h1:/O7V0waA8r7cgGh81Ro3o1hOxt32SMVPicZroKQ2sZA=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201202161906-c7110b5ffcbb/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210405180319-a5a99cb37ef4 h1:4nGaVu0QrbjT/AK2PRLuQfQuh6DJve+pELhqTdAj3x0=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210405180319-a5a99cb37ef4/go.mod h1:p54w0d4576C0XHj96bSt6lcn1PtDYWL6XObtHCRCNQM=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20211112202133-69e39bad7dc2 h1:CIJ76btIcR3eFI5EgSo6k1qKw9KJexJuRLI9G7Hp5wE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20211112202133-69e39bad7dc2/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190226205417-e64efc72b421/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190604053449-0f29369cfe45/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
@ -418,16 +415,20 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210124154548-22da62e12c0c/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210330210617-4fbd30eecc44/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210403161142-5e06dd20ab57/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423082822-04245dca01da/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423185535-09eb48e85fd7/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210510120138-977fb7262007/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210603081109-ebe580a85c40 h1:JWgyZ1qgdTaF3N3oxC+MdTV7qvEEgHo3otj+HB5CM7Q=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210603081109-ebe580a85c40/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1 h1:SrN+KX8Art/Sf4HNj6Zcz06G7VEz+7w9tdXTPOZ7+l4=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.1-0.20180807135948-17ff2d5776d2/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.2/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.5 h1:i6eZZ+zk0SOf0xgBpEpPD18qWcJda6q1sxt3S0kzyUQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.5/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.6 h1:aRYxNxv6iGQlyVaZmk6ZgYEDa+Jg18DxebPSrd6bg1M=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20181108054448-85acf8d2951c/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20190308202827-9d24e82272b4/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20210220033141-f8bda1e9f3ba h1:O8mE0/t419eoIwhTFpKVkHiTs/Igowgfkj25AcZrtiE=
@ -450,13 +451,11 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190628153133-6cdbf07be9d0/go.mod h1:/rFqwRUd4F7ZHNgw
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190816200558-6889da9d5479/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190911174233-4f2ddba30aff/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191012152004-8de300cfc20a/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191108193012-7d206e10da11/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191112195655-aa38f8e97acc/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200130002326-2f3ba24bd6e7/go.mod h1:TB2adYChydJhpapKDTa4BR/hXlZSLoq2Wpct/0txZ28=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200619180055-7c47624df98f/go.mod h1:EkVYQZoAsY45+roYkvgYkIh4xh/qjgUK9TdY2XT94GE=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20210106214847-113979e3529a/go.mod h1:emZCQorbCU4vsT4fOWvOPXz4eW1wZW4PmDk9uLelYpA=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.1.2 h1:kRBLX7v7Af8W7Gdbbc908OJcdgtK8bOz9Uaj8/F1ACA=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.2/go.mod h1:o0xws9oXOQQZyjljx8fwUC0k7L1pTE6eaCbjGeHmOkk=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
@ -496,9 +495,11 @@ google.golang.org/grpc v1.27.0/go.mod h1:qbnxyOmOxrQa7FizSgH+ReBfzJrCY1pSN7KXBS8
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.29.1/go.mod h1:itym6AZVZYACWQqET3MqgPpjcuV5QH3BxFS3IjizoKk=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.33.1/go.mod h1:fr5YgcSWrqhRRxogOsw7RzIpsmvOZ6IcH4kBYTpR3n0=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.36.0/go.mod h1:qjiiYl8FncCW8feJPdyg3v6XW24KsRHe+dy9BAGRRjU=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.37.0/go.mod h1:NREThFqKR1f3iQ6oBuvc5LadQuXVGo9rkm5ZGrQdJfM=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0 h1:/9BgsAsa5nWe26HqOlvlgJnqBuktYOLCgjCPqsa56W0=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.37.1/go.mod h1:NREThFqKR1f3iQ6oBuvc5LadQuXVGo9rkm5ZGrQdJfM=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0/go.mod h1:NREThFqKR1f3iQ6oBuvc5LadQuXVGo9rkm5ZGrQdJfM=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.40.0/go.mod h1:ogyxbiOoUXAkP+4+xa6PZSE9DZgIHtSpzjDTB9KAK34=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0 h1:f+PlOh7QV4iIJkPrx5NQ7qaNGFQ3OTse67yaDHfju4E=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0/go.mod h1:U3l9uK9J0sini8mHphKoXyaqDA/8VyGnDee1zzIUK6k=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200109180630-ec00e32a8dfd/go.mod h1:DFci5gLYBciE7Vtevhsrf46CRTquxDuWsQurQQe4oz8=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200221191635-4d8936d0db64/go.mod h1:kwYJMbMJ01Woi6D6+Kah6886xMZcty6N08ah7+eCXa0=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200228230310-ab0ca4ff8a60/go.mod h1:cfTl7dwQJ+fmap5saPgwCLgHXTUD7jkjRqWcaiX5VyM=
@ -509,8 +510,9 @@ google.golang.org/protobuf v1.23.0/go.mod h1:EGpADcykh3NcUnDUJcl1+ZksZNG86OlYog2
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.23.1-0.20200526195155-81db48ad09cc/go.mod h1:EGpADcykh3NcUnDUJcl1+ZksZNG86OlYog2l/sGQquU=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.25.0/go.mod h1:9JNX74DMeImyA3h4bdi1ymwjUzf21/xIlbajtzgsN7c=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:jlhhOSvTdKEhbULTjvd4ARK9grFBp09yW+WbY/TyQbw=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0 h1:bxAC2xTBsZGibn2RTntX0oH50xLsqy1OxA9tTL3p/lk=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0/go.mod h1:9q0QmTI4eRPtz6boOQmLYwt+qCgq0jsYwAQnmE0givc=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.27.1 h1:SnqbnDw1V7RiZcXPx5MEeqPv2s79L9i7BJUlG/+RurQ=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.27.1/go.mod h1:9q0QmTI4eRPtz6boOQmLYwt+qCgq0jsYwAQnmE0givc=
 gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2 v2.2.6/go.mod h1:FMv+mEhP44yOT+4EoQTLFTRgOQ1FBLkstjWtayDeSgw=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
--- a/etcdutl/snapshot/v3_snapshot.go
+++ b/etcdutl/snapshot/v3_snapshot.go
@ -69,9 +69,6 @@ type Manager interface {

 // NewV3 returns a new snapshot Manager for v3.x snapshot.
 func NewV3(lg *zap.Logger) Manager {
-	if lg == nil {
-		lg = zap.NewExample()
-	}
 	return &v3Manager{lg: lg}
 }

@ -479,6 +476,6 @@ func (s *v3Manager) updateCIndex(commit uint64, term uint64) error {
 	be := backend.NewDefaultBackend(s.outDbPath())
 	defer be.Close()

-	cindex.UpdateConsistentIndex(be.BatchTx(), commit, term, false)
+	cindex.UpdateConsistentIndex(be.BatchTx(), commit, term)
 	return nil
 }
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@ -20,18 +20,18 @@ require (
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.0
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.1.3
 	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.6
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v2 v2.305.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/etcdctl/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/etcdutl/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/raft/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/tests/v3 v3.5.2
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v2 v2.305.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/etcdctl/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/etcdutl/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/raft/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/tests/v3 v3.5.5
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.17.0
 	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20210220033141-f8bda1e9f3ba
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0
 	gopkg.in/cheggaaa/pb.v1 v1.0.28
 )
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ github.com/antihax/optional v1.0.0/go.mod h1:uupD/76wgC+ih3iEmQUL+0Ugr19nfwCT1kd
 github.com/armon/circbuf v0.0.0-20150827004946-bbbad097214e/go.mod h1:3U/XgcO3hCbHZ8TKRvWD2dDTCfh9M9ya+I9JpbB7O8o=
 github.com/armon/go-metrics v0.0.0-20180917152333-f0300d1749da/go.mod h1:Q73ZrmVTwzkszR9V5SSuryQ31EELlFMUz1kKyl939pY=
 github.com/armon/go-radix v0.0.0-20180808171621-7fddfc383310/go.mod h1:ufUuZ+zHj4x4TnLV4JWEpy2hxWSpsRywHrMgIH9cCH8=
-github.com/benbjohnson/clock v1.0.3 h1:vkLuvpK4fmtSCuo60+yC63p7y0BmQ8gm5ZXGuBCJyXg=
-github.com/benbjohnson/clock v1.0.3/go.mod h1:bGMdMPoPVvcYyt1gHDf4J2KE153Yf9BuiUKYMaxlTDM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v0.0.0-20180321164747-3a771d992973/go.mod h1:Dwedo/Wpr24TaqPxmxbtue+5NUziq4I4S80YR8gNf3Q=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.0/go.mod h1:KWe93zE9D1o94FZ5RNwFwVgaQK1VOXiVxmqh+CedLV8=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
@ -34,6 +32,8 @@ github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6r
 github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.1.0 h1:ByYyxL9InA1OWqxJqqp2A5pYHUrCiAL6K3J+LKSsQkY=
 github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.1.0/go.mod h1:+zsyZBPWlz7T6j88CTgSN5bM796AkVf0kBD4zp0CCIs=
 github.com/bketelsen/crypt v0.0.3-0.20200106085610-5cbc8cc4026c/go.mod h1:MKsuJmJgSg28kpZDP6UIiPt0e0Oz0kqKNGyRaWEPv84=
+github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.1.1 h1:G2HAfAmvm/GcKan2oOQpBXOd2tT2G57ZnZGWa1PxPBQ=
+github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.1.1/go.mod h1:scbssz8iZGpm3xbr14ovlUdkxfGXNInqkPWOWmG2CLw=
 github.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-proto v0.2.1/go.mod h1:f6KPmirojxKA12rnyqOA5BBL4O983OfeGPqjHWSTneU=
 github.com/certifi/gocertifi v0.0.0-20191021191039-0944d244cd40/go.mod h1:sGbDF6GwGcLpkNXPUTkMRoywsNa/ol15pxFe6ERfguA=
 github.com/certifi/gocertifi v0.0.0-20200922220541-2c3bb06c6054 h1:uH66TXeswKn5PW5zdZ39xEwfS9an067BirqA+P4QaLI=
@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.1/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XL
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20191209042840-269d4d468f6f/go.mod h1:M8M6+tZqaGXZJjfX53e64911xZQV5JYwmTeXPW+k8Sc=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20201120205902-5459f2c99403/go.mod h1:WmhPx2Nbnhtbo57+VJT5O0JRkEi1Wbu0z5j0R8u5Hbk=
+github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20210312221358-fbca930ec8ed/go.mod h1:eXthEFrGJvWHgFFCl3hGmgk+/aYT6PnTQLykKQRLhEs=
+github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20210805033703-aa0b78936158/go.mod h1:eXthEFrGJvWHgFFCl3hGmgk+/aYT6PnTQLykKQRLhEs=
 github.com/cockroachdb/datadriven v0.0.0-20200714090401-bf6692d28da5 h1:xD/lrqdvwsc+O2bjSSi3YqY73Ke3LAiSCx49aCesA0E=
 github.com/cockroachdb/datadriven v0.0.0-20200714090401-bf6692d28da5/go.mod h1:h6jFvWxBdQXxjopDMZyH2UVceIRfR84bdzbkoKrsWNo=
 github.com/cockroachdb/errors v1.2.4 h1:Lap807SXTH5tri2TivECb/4abUkMZC9zRoLarvcKDqs=
@ -76,6 +78,8 @@ github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.1-0.20191026205805-5f8ba28d4473/go.m
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.4/go.mod h1:6rpuAdCZL397s3pYoYcLgu1mIlRU8Am5FuJP05cCM98=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20201210154907-fd9021fe5dad/go.mod h1:cXg6YxExXjJnVBQHBLXeUAgxn2UodCpnH306RInaBQk=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20210217033140-668b12f5399d/go.mod h1:cXg6YxExXjJnVBQHBLXeUAgxn2UodCpnH306RInaBQk=
+github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20210512163311-63b5d3c536b0/go.mod h1:hliV/p42l8fGbc6Y9bQ70uLwIvmJyVE5k4iMKlh8wCQ=
+github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.10-0.20210907150352-cf90f659a021/go.mod h1:AFq3mo9L8Lqqiid3OhADV3RfLJnjiw63cSpi+fDTRC0=
 github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.1.0/go.mod h1:iSmxcyjqTsJpI2R4NaDN7+kN2VEUnK/pcBlmesArF7c=
 github.com/etcd-io/gofail v0.0.0-20190801230047-ad7f989257ca/go.mod h1:49H/RkXP8pKaZy4h0d+NW16rSLhyVBt4o6VLJbmOqDE=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.7.0 h1:DkWD4oS2D8LGGgTQ6IvwJJXSL5Vp2ffcQg58nFV38Ys=
@ -133,8 +137,9 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.3.1/go.mod h1:8QqcDgzrUqlUb/G2PQTWiueGozuR1884gddMyw
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.4.0/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.0/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.4/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5 h1:Khx7svrCpmxxtHBq5j2mp/xVjsi8hQMfNLvJFAlrGgU=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.6 h1:BKbKCqvP6I+rmFHt06ZmyQtvB8xAkWdhFyr0ZUNZcxQ=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.6/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/gofuzz v1.0.0/go.mod h1:dBl0BpW6vV/+mYPU4Po3pmUjxk6FQPldtuIdl/M65Eg=
 github.com/google/martian v2.1.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:9I4somxYTbIHy5NJKHRl3wXiIaQGbYVAs8BPL6v8lEs=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20181206194817-3ea8567a2e57/go.mod h1:zfwlbNMJ+OItoe0UupaVj+oy1omPYYDuagoSzA8v9mc=
@ -244,8 +249,8 @@ github.com/prometheus/client_golang v0.9.1/go.mod h1:7SWBe2y4D6OKWSNQJUaRYU/AaXP
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v0.9.3/go.mod h1:/TN21ttK/J9q6uSwhBd54HahCDft0ttaMvbicHlPoso=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.0.0/go.mod h1:db9x61etRT2tGnBNRi70OPL5FsnadC4Ky3P0J6CfImo=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.7.1/go.mod h1:PY5Wy2awLA44sXw4AOSfFBetzPP4j5+D6mVACh+pe2M=
-github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.0 h1:HNkLOAEQMIDv/K+04rukrLx6ch7msSRwf3/SASFAGtQ=
-github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.0/go.mod h1:Z6t4BnS23TR94PD6BsDNk8yVqroYurpAkEiz0P2BEV0=
+github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.1 h1:+4eQaD7vAZ6DsfsxB15hbE0odUjGI5ARs9yskGu1v4s=
+github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.1/go.mod h1:Z6t4BnS23TR94PD6BsDNk8yVqroYurpAkEiz0P2BEV0=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20180712105110-5c3871d89910/go.mod h1:MbSGuTsp3dbXC40dX6PRTWyKYBIrTGTE9sqQNg2J8bo=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190129233127-fd36f4220a90/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190812154241-14fe0d1b01d4/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=
@ -314,33 +319,24 @@ go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.6 h1:/ecaJf0sk1l4l6V4awd65v2C3ILy7MSj+s/x1ADCIMU=
 go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.6/go.mod h1:qXsaaIqmgQH0T+OPdb99Bf+PKfBBQVAdyD6TY9G8XM4=
 go.opencensus.io v0.21.0/go.mod h1:mSImk1erAIZhrmZN+AvHh14ztQfjbGwt4TtuofqLduU=
 go.opencensus.io v0.22.0/go.mod h1:+kGneAE2xo2IficOXnaByMWTGM9T73dGwxeWcUqIpI8=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib v0.20.0 h1:ubFQUn0VCZ0gPwIoJfBJVpeBlyRMxu8Mm/huKWYd9p0=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib v0.20.0/go.mod h1:G/EtFaa6qaN7+LxqfIAT3GiZa7Wv5DTBUzl5H4LY0Kc=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.20.0 h1:sO4WKdPAudZGKPcpZT4MJn6JaDmpyLrMPDGGyA1SttE=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.20.0/go.mod h1:oVGt1LRbBOBq1A5BQLlUg9UaU/54aiHw8cgjV3aWZ/E=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v0.20.0 h1:eaP0Fqu7SXHwvjiqDq83zImeehOHX8doTvU9AwXON8g=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v0.20.0/go.mod h1:Y3ugLH2oa81t5QO+Lty+zXf8zC9L26ax4Nzoxm/dooo=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp v0.20.0 h1:PTNgq9MRmQqqJY0REVbZFvwkYOA85vbdQU/nVfxDyqg=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp v0.20.0/go.mod h1:YIieizyaN77rtLJra0buKiNBOm9XQfkPEKBeuhoMwAM=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v0.20.0 h1:4kzhXFP+btKm4jwxpjIqjs41A7MakRFUS86bqLHTIw8=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v0.20.0/go.mod h1:598I5tYlH1vzBjn+BTuhzTCSb/9debfNp6R3s7Pr1eU=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/oteltest v0.20.0 h1:HiITxCawalo5vQzdHfKeZurV8x7ljcqAgiWzF6Vaeaw=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/oteltest v0.20.0/go.mod h1:L7bgKf9ZB7qCwT9Up7i9/pn0PWIa9FqQ2IQ8LoxiGnw=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v0.20.0 h1:JsxtGXd06J8jrnya7fdI/U/MR6yXA5DtbZy+qoHQlr8=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v0.20.0/go.mod h1:g/IcepuwNsoiX5Byy2nNV0ySUF1em498m7hBWC279Yc=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/export/metric v0.20.0 h1:c5VRjxCXdQlx1HjzwGdQHzZaVI82b5EbBgOu2ljD92g=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/export/metric v0.20.0/go.mod h1:h7RBNMsDJ5pmI1zExLi+bJK+Dr8NQCh0qGhm1KDnNlE=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v0.20.0 h1:7ao1wpzHRVKf0OQ7GIxiQJA6X7DLX9o14gmVon7mMK8=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v0.20.0/go.mod h1:knxiS8Xd4E/N+ZqKmUPf3gTTZ4/0TjTXukfxjzSTpHE=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v0.20.0 h1:1DL6EXUdcg95gukhuRRvLDO/4X5THh/5dIV52lqtnbw=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v0.20.0/go.mod h1:6GjCW8zgDjwGHGa6GkyeB8+/5vjT16gUEi0Nf1iBdgw=
-go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v0.7.0 h1:rwOQPCuKAKmwGKq2aVNnYIibI6wnV7EvzgfTCzcdGg8=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.25.0 h1:Wx7nFnvCaissIUZxPkBqDz2963Z+Cl+PkYbDKzTxDqQ=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.25.0/go.mod h1:E5NNboN0UqSAki0Atn9kVwaN7I+l25gGxDqBueo/74E=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.0.1 h1:4XKyXmfqJLOQ7feyV5DB6gsBFZ0ltB8vLtp6pj4JIcc=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.0.1/go.mod h1:OPEOD4jIT2SlZPMmwT6FqZz2C0ZNdQqiWcoK6M0SNFU=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.0.1 h1:ofMbch7i29qIUf7VtF+r0HRF6ac0SBaPSziSsKp7wkk=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.0.1/go.mod h1:Kv8liBeVNFkkkbilbgWRpV+wWuu+H5xdOT6HAgd30iw=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.0.1 h1:CFMFNoz+CGprjFAFy+RJFrfEe4GBia3RRm2a4fREvCA=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.0.1/go.mod h1:xOvWoTOrQjxjW61xtOmD/WKGRYb/P4NzRo3bs65U6Rk=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.0.1 h1:wXxFEWGo7XfXupPwVJvTBOaPBC9FEg0wB8hMNrKk+cA=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.0.1/go.mod h1:HrdXne+BiwsOHYYkBE5ysIcv2bvdZstxzmCQhxTcZkI=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.0.1 h1:StTeIH6Q3G4r0Fiw34LTokUFESZgIDUr0qIJ7mKmAfw=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.0.1/go.mod h1:5g4i4fKLaX2BQpSBsxw8YYcgKpMMSW3x7ZTuYBr3sUk=
 go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v0.7.0/go.mod h1:PqfVotwruBrMGOCsRd/89rSnXhoiJIqeYNgFYFoEGnI=
+go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v0.9.0 h1:C0g6TWmQYvjKRnljRULLWUVJGy8Uvu0NEL/5frY2/t4=
+go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v0.9.0/go.mod h1:1vKfU9rv61e9EVGthD1zNvUbiwPcimSsOPU9brfSHJg=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.4.0/go.mod h1:gD2HeocX3+yG+ygLZcrzQJaqmWj9AIm7n08wl/qW/PE=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0 h1:ADUqmZGgLDDfbSL9ZmPxKTybcoEYHgpYfELNoN+7hsw=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0/go.mod h1:fEN4uk6kAWBTFdckzkM89CLk9XfWZrxpCo0nPH17wJc=
-go.uber.org/goleak v1.1.10 h1:z+mqJhf6ss6BSfSM671tgKyZBFPTTJM+HLxnhPC3wu0=
-go.uber.org/goleak v1.1.10/go.mod h1:8a7PlsEVH3e/a/GLqe5IIrQx6GzcnRmZEufDUTk4A7A=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.1.0/go.mod h1:wR5kodmAFQ0UK8QlbwjlSNy0Z68gJhDJUG5sjR94q/0=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.6.0 h1:y6IPFStTAIT5Ytl7/XYmHvzXQ7S3g/IeZW9hyZ5thw4=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.6.0/go.mod h1:cdWPpRnG4AhwMwsgIHip0KRBQjJy5kYEpYjJxpXp9iU=
@ -354,8 +350,8 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190510104115-cbcb75029529/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8U
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190605123033-f99c8df09eb5/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20201002170205-7f63de1d35b0 h1:hb9wdF1z5waM+dSIICn1l0DkLVDT3hqhhQsDNUmHPRE=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20201002170205-7f63de1d35b0/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220411220226-7b82a4e95df4 h1:kUhD7nTDoI3fVd9G4ORWrbV5NY0liEs/Jg2pv5f+bBA=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220411220226-7b82a4e95df4/go.mod h1:IxCIyHEi3zRg3s0A5j5BB6A9Jmi73HwBIUl50j+osU4=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190306152737-a1d7652674e8/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190510132918-efd6b22b2522/go.mod h1:ZjyILWgesfNpC6sMxTJOJm9Kp84zZh5NQWvqDGG3Qr8=
@ -370,7 +366,6 @@ golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190313153728-d0100b6bd8b3/go.mod h1:6SW0HCj/g11FgYtHl
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190409202823-959b441ac422/go.mod h1:6SW0HCj/g11FgYtHlgUYUwCkIfeOF89ocIRzGO/8vkc=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190909230951-414d861bb4ac/go.mod h1:6SW0HCj/g11FgYtHlgUYUwCkIfeOF89ocIRzGO/8vkc=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190930215403-16217165b5de/go.mod h1:6SW0HCj/g11FgYtHlgUYUwCkIfeOF89ocIRzGO/8vkc=
-golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20210508222113-6edffad5e616 h1:VLliZ0d+/avPrXXH+OakdXhpJuEoBZuwh1m2j7U6Iug=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20210508222113-6edffad5e616/go.mod h1:3xt1FjdF8hUf6vQPIChWIBhFzV8gjjsPE/fR3IyQdNY=
 golang.org/x/mobile v0.0.0-20190312151609-d3739f865fa6/go.mod h1:z+o9i4GpDbdi3rU15maQ/Ox0txvL9dWGYEHz965HBQE=
 golang.org/x/mobile v0.0.0-20190719004257-d2bd2a29d028/go.mod h1:E/iHnbuqvinMTCcRqshq8CkpyQDoeVncDDYHnLhea+o=
@ -400,8 +395,9 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200625001655-4c5254603344/go.mod h1:/O7V0waA8r7cgGh81R
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200822124328-c89045814202/go.mod h1:/O7V0waA8r7cgGh81Ro3o1hOxt32SMVPicZroKQ2sZA=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201202161906-c7110b5ffcbb/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210405180319-a5a99cb37ef4 h1:4nGaVu0QrbjT/AK2PRLuQfQuh6DJve+pELhqTdAj3x0=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210405180319-a5a99cb37ef4/go.mod h1:p54w0d4576C0XHj96bSt6lcn1PtDYWL6XObtHCRCNQM=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20211112202133-69e39bad7dc2 h1:CIJ76btIcR3eFI5EgSo6k1qKw9KJexJuRLI9G7Hp5wE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20211112202133-69e39bad7dc2/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190226205417-e64efc72b421/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190604053449-0f29369cfe45/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
@ -442,16 +438,20 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210124154548-22da62e12c0c/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210330210617-4fbd30eecc44/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210403161142-5e06dd20ab57/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423082822-04245dca01da/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423185535-09eb48e85fd7/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210510120138-977fb7262007/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210603081109-ebe580a85c40 h1:JWgyZ1qgdTaF3N3oxC+MdTV7qvEEgHo3otj+HB5CM7Q=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210603081109-ebe580a85c40/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1 h1:SrN+KX8Art/Sf4HNj6Zcz06G7VEz+7w9tdXTPOZ7+l4=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.1-0.20180807135948-17ff2d5776d2/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.2/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.5 h1:i6eZZ+zk0SOf0xgBpEpPD18qWcJda6q1sxt3S0kzyUQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.5/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.6 h1:aRYxNxv6iGQlyVaZmk6ZgYEDa+Jg18DxebPSrd6bg1M=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20181108054448-85acf8d2951c/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20190308202827-9d24e82272b4/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20210220033141-f8bda1e9f3ba h1:O8mE0/t419eoIwhTFpKVkHiTs/Igowgfkj25AcZrtiE=
@ -474,13 +474,11 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190628153133-6cdbf07be9d0/go.mod h1:/rFqwRUd4F7ZHNgw
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190816200558-6889da9d5479/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190911174233-4f2ddba30aff/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191012152004-8de300cfc20a/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191108193012-7d206e10da11/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191112195655-aa38f8e97acc/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200130002326-2f3ba24bd6e7/go.mod h1:TB2adYChydJhpapKDTa4BR/hXlZSLoq2Wpct/0txZ28=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200619180055-7c47624df98f/go.mod h1:EkVYQZoAsY45+roYkvgYkIh4xh/qjgUK9TdY2XT94GE=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20210106214847-113979e3529a/go.mod h1:emZCQorbCU4vsT4fOWvOPXz4eW1wZW4PmDk9uLelYpA=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.1.2 h1:kRBLX7v7Af8W7Gdbbc908OJcdgtK8bOz9Uaj8/F1ACA=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.2/go.mod h1:o0xws9oXOQQZyjljx8fwUC0k7L1pTE6eaCbjGeHmOkk=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
@ -520,9 +518,11 @@ google.golang.org/grpc v1.27.0/go.mod h1:qbnxyOmOxrQa7FizSgH+ReBfzJrCY1pSN7KXBS8
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.29.1/go.mod h1:itym6AZVZYACWQqET3MqgPpjcuV5QH3BxFS3IjizoKk=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.33.1/go.mod h1:fr5YgcSWrqhRRxogOsw7RzIpsmvOZ6IcH4kBYTpR3n0=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.36.0/go.mod h1:qjiiYl8FncCW8feJPdyg3v6XW24KsRHe+dy9BAGRRjU=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.37.0/go.mod h1:NREThFqKR1f3iQ6oBuvc5LadQuXVGo9rkm5ZGrQdJfM=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0 h1:/9BgsAsa5nWe26HqOlvlgJnqBuktYOLCgjCPqsa56W0=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.37.1/go.mod h1:NREThFqKR1f3iQ6oBuvc5LadQuXVGo9rkm5ZGrQdJfM=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0/go.mod h1:NREThFqKR1f3iQ6oBuvc5LadQuXVGo9rkm5ZGrQdJfM=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.40.0/go.mod h1:ogyxbiOoUXAkP+4+xa6PZSE9DZgIHtSpzjDTB9KAK34=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0 h1:f+PlOh7QV4iIJkPrx5NQ7qaNGFQ3OTse67yaDHfju4E=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0/go.mod h1:U3l9uK9J0sini8mHphKoXyaqDA/8VyGnDee1zzIUK6k=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200109180630-ec00e32a8dfd/go.mod h1:DFci5gLYBciE7Vtevhsrf46CRTquxDuWsQurQQe4oz8=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200221191635-4d8936d0db64/go.mod h1:kwYJMbMJ01Woi6D6+Kah6886xMZcty6N08ah7+eCXa0=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200228230310-ab0ca4ff8a60/go.mod h1:cfTl7dwQJ+fmap5saPgwCLgHXTUD7jkjRqWcaiX5VyM=
@ -533,8 +533,9 @@ google.golang.org/protobuf v1.23.0/go.mod h1:EGpADcykh3NcUnDUJcl1+ZksZNG86OlYog2
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.23.1-0.20200526195155-81db48ad09cc/go.mod h1:EGpADcykh3NcUnDUJcl1+ZksZNG86OlYog2l/sGQquU=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.25.0/go.mod h1:9JNX74DMeImyA3h4bdi1ymwjUzf21/xIlbajtzgsN7c=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:jlhhOSvTdKEhbULTjvd4ARK9grFBp09yW+WbY/TyQbw=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0 h1:bxAC2xTBsZGibn2RTntX0oH50xLsqy1OxA9tTL3p/lk=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0/go.mod h1:9q0QmTI4eRPtz6boOQmLYwt+qCgq0jsYwAQnmE0givc=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.27.1 h1:SnqbnDw1V7RiZcXPx5MEeqPv2s79L9i7BJUlG/+RurQ=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.27.1/go.mod h1:9q0QmTI4eRPtz6boOQmLYwt+qCgq0jsYwAQnmE0givc=
 gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2 v2.2.6/go.mod h1:FMv+mEhP44yOT+4EoQTLFTRgOQ1FBLkstjWtayDeSgw=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
--- a/pkg/expect/expect.go
+++ b/pkg/expect/expect.go
@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"syscall"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/creack/pty"
 )
@ -36,7 +37,6 @@ type ExpectProcess struct {
 	fpty *os.File
 	wg   sync.WaitGroup

-	cond  *sync.Cond // for broadcasting updates are available
 	mu    sync.Mutex // protects lines and err
 	lines []string
 	count int // increment whenever new line gets added
@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ func NewExpectWithEnv(name string, args []string, env []string) (ep *ExpectProce
 		cmd:        cmd,
 		StopSignal: syscall.SIGKILL,
 	}
-	ep.cond = sync.NewCond(&ep.mu)
 	ep.cmd.Stderr = ep.cmd.Stdout
 	ep.cmd.Stdin = nil

@ -77,52 +76,56 @@ func (ep *ExpectProcess) read() {
 	defer ep.wg.Done()
 	printDebugLines := os.Getenv("EXPECT_DEBUG") != ""
 	r := bufio.NewReader(ep.fpty)
-	for ep.err == nil {
-		l, rerr := r.ReadString('\n')
+	for {
+		l, err := r.ReadString('\n')
 		ep.mu.Lock()
-		ep.err = rerr
 		if l != "" {
 			if printDebugLines {
 				fmt.Printf("%s-%d: %s", ep.cmd.Path, ep.cmd.Process.Pid, l)
 			}
 			ep.lines = append(ep.lines, l)
 			ep.count++
-			if len(ep.lines) == 1 {
-				ep.cond.Signal()
-			}
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			ep.err = err
+			ep.mu.Unlock()
+			break
 		}
 		ep.mu.Unlock()
 	}
-	ep.cond.Signal()
 }

 // ExpectFunc returns the first line satisfying the function f.
 func (ep *ExpectProcess) ExpectFunc(f func(string) bool) (string, error) {
-	lastLinesBuffer := make([]string, 0)
+	i := 0

-	ep.mu.Lock()
 	for {
-		for len(ep.lines) == 0 && ep.err == nil {
-			ep.cond.Wait()
+		ep.mu.Lock()
+		for i < len(ep.lines) {
+			line := ep.lines[i]
+			i++
+			if f(line) {
+				ep.mu.Unlock()
+				return line, nil
+			}
 		}
-		if len(ep.lines) == 0 {
+		if ep.err != nil {
+			ep.mu.Unlock()
 			break
 		}
-		l := ep.lines[0]
-		ep.lines = ep.lines[1:]
-		lastLinesBuffer = append(lastLinesBuffer, l)
-		if l := len(lastLinesBuffer); l > DEBUG_LINES_TAIL {
-			lastLinesBuffer = lastLinesBuffer[l-DEBUG_LINES_TAIL : l-1]
-		}
-		if f(l) {
-			ep.mu.Unlock()
-			return l, nil
-		}
+		ep.mu.Unlock()
+		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
 	}
+	ep.mu.Lock()
+	lastLinesIndex := len(ep.lines) - DEBUG_LINES_TAIL
+	if lastLinesIndex < 0 {
+		lastLinesIndex = 0
+	}
+	lastLines := strings.Join(ep.lines[lastLinesIndex:], "")
 	ep.mu.Unlock()
 	return "", fmt.Errorf("match not found."+
 		" Set EXPECT_DEBUG for more info Err: %v, last lines:\n%s",
-		ep.err, strings.Join(lastLinesBuffer, ""))
+		ep.err, lastLines)
 }

 // Expect returns the first line containing the given string.
@ -189,3 +192,9 @@ func (ep *ExpectProcess) ProcessError() error {
 	}
 	return ep.err
 }
+
+func (ep *ExpectProcess) Lines() []string {
+	ep.mu.Lock()
+	defer ep.mu.Unlock()
+	return ep.lines
+}
--- a/pkg/flags/uint32.go
+++ b/pkg/flags/uint32.go
@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The etcd Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package flags
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"strconv"
+)
+
+type uint32Value uint32
+
+// NewUint32Value creates an uint32 instance with the provided value.
+func NewUint32Value(v uint32) *uint32Value {
+	val := new(uint32Value)
+	*val = uint32Value(v)
+	return val
+}
+
+// Set parses a command line uint32 value.
+// Implements "flag.Value" interface.
+func (i *uint32Value) Set(s string) error {
+	v, err := strconv.ParseUint(s, 0, 32)
+	*i = uint32Value(v)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (i *uint32Value) String() string { return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(*i), 10) }
+
+// Uint32FromFlag return the uint32 value of a flag with the given name
+func Uint32FromFlag(fs *flag.FlagSet, name string) uint32 {
+	val := *fs.Lookup(name).Value.(*uint32Value)
+	return uint32(val)
+}
--- a/pkg/flags/uint32_test.go
+++ b/pkg/flags/uint32_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The etcd Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package flags
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestUint32Value(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name        string
+		s           string
+		expectedVal uint32
+		expectError bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "normal uint32 value",
+			s:           "200",
+			expectedVal: 200,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "zero value",
+			s:           "0",
+			expectedVal: 0,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "negative int value",
+			s:           "-200",
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "invalid integer value",
+			s:           "invalid",
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var val uint32Value
+			err := val.Set(tc.s)
+
+			if tc.expectError {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Errorf("Expected failure on parsing uint32 value from %s", tc.s)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Unexpected error when parsing %s: %v", tc.s, err)
+				}
+				assert.Equal(t, uint32(val), tc.expectedVal)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUint32FromFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	const flagName = "max-concurrent-streams"
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name        string
+		defaultVal  uint32
+		arguments   []string
+		expectedVal uint32
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "only default value",
+			defaultVal:  15,
+			arguments:   []string{},
+			expectedVal: 15,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "argument has different value from the default one",
+			defaultVal:  16,
+			arguments:   []string{"--max-concurrent-streams", "200"},
+			expectedVal: 200,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "argument has the same value from the default one",
+			defaultVal:  105,
+			arguments:   []string{"--max-concurrent-streams", "105"},
+			expectedVal: 105,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			fs := flag.NewFlagSet("etcd", flag.ContinueOnError)
+			fs.Var(NewUint32Value(tc.defaultVal), flagName, "Maximum concurrent streams that each client can open at a time.")
+			if err := fs.Parse(tc.arguments); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Unexpected error: %v\n", err)
+			}
+			actualMaxStream := Uint32FromFlag(fs, flagName)
+			assert.Equal(t, actualMaxStream, tc.expectedVal)
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/go.mod
+++ b/pkg/go.mod
@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.1.3
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.2
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.5
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.17.0
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0
 )

 replace (
--- a/pkg/go.sum
+++ b/pkg/go.sum
@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ github.com/BurntSushi/xgb v0.0.0-20160522181843-27f122750802/go.mod h1:IVnqGOEym
 github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.2/go.mod h1:HSdplMjZKSmBqAxg5vPj2TmRDmfkzw+cTzAElWljhcU=
 github.com/alecthomas/template v0.0.0-20160405071501-a0175ee3bccc/go.mod h1:LOuyumcjzFXgccqObfd/Ljyb9UuFJ6TxHnclSeseNhc=
 github.com/alecthomas/units v0.0.0-20151022065526-2efee857e7cf/go.mod h1:ybxpYRFXyAe+OPACYpWeL0wqObRcbAqCMya13uyzqw0=
+github.com/antihax/optional v1.0.0/go.mod h1:uupD/76wgC+ih3iEmQUL+0Ugr19nfwCT1kdvxnR2qWY=
 github.com/armon/circbuf v0.0.0-20150827004946-bbbad097214e/go.mod h1:3U/XgcO3hCbHZ8TKRvWD2dDTCfh9M9ya+I9JpbB7O8o=
 github.com/armon/go-metrics v0.0.0-20180917152333-f0300d1749da/go.mod h1:Q73ZrmVTwzkszR9V5SSuryQ31EELlFMUz1kKyl939pY=
 github.com/armon/go-radix v0.0.0-20180808171621-7fddfc383310/go.mod h1:ufUuZ+zHj4x4TnLV4JWEpy2hxWSpsRywHrMgIH9cCH8=
@ -25,8 +26,11 @@ github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.1.0/go.mod h1:+zsyZBPWlz7T6j88CTgSN5bM796AkVf0kB
 github.com/bketelsen/crypt v0.0.3-0.20200106085610-5cbc8cc4026c/go.mod h1:MKsuJmJgSg28kpZDP6UIiPt0e0Oz0kqKNGyRaWEPv84=
 github.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-proto v0.2.1/go.mod h1:f6KPmirojxKA12rnyqOA5BBL4O983OfeGPqjHWSTneU=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash v1.1.0/go.mod h1:XrSqR1VqqWfGrhpAt58auRo0WTKS1nRRg3ghfAqPWnc=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.1/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
+github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20191209042840-269d4d468f6f/go.mod h1:M8M6+tZqaGXZJjfX53e64911xZQV5JYwmTeXPW+k8Sc=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20201120205902-5459f2c99403/go.mod h1:WmhPx2Nbnhtbo57+VJT5O0JRkEi1Wbu0z5j0R8u5Hbk=
+github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20210805033703-aa0b78936158/go.mod h1:eXthEFrGJvWHgFFCl3hGmgk+/aYT6PnTQLykKQRLhEs=
 github.com/coreos/bbolt v1.3.2/go.mod h1:iRUV2dpdMOn7Bo10OQBFzIJO9kkE559Wcmn+qkEiiKk=
 github.com/coreos/etcd v3.3.13+incompatible/go.mod h1:uF7uidLiAD3TWHmW31ZFd/JWoc32PjwdhPthX9715RE=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.0/go.mod h1:nnelYz7RCh+5ahJtPPxZlU+153eP4D4r3EedlOD2RNk=
@ -45,7 +49,9 @@ github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.0 h1:VSnTsYCnlFHaM2/igO1h6X3HA71jcobQuxemgkq4
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.0/go.mod h1:HtrtbFcZ19U5GC7JDqmcUSB87Iq5E25KnS6fMYU6eOk=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.0/go.mod h1:YTl/9mNaCwkRvm6d1a2C3ymFceY/DCBVvsKhRF0iEA4=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.1-0.20191026205805-5f8ba28d4473/go.mod h1:YTl/9mNaCwkRvm6d1a2C3ymFceY/DCBVvsKhRF0iEA4=
-github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20210217033140-668b12f5399d/go.mod h1:cXg6YxExXjJnVBQHBLXeUAgxn2UodCpnH306RInaBQk=
+github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.4/go.mod h1:6rpuAdCZL397s3pYoYcLgu1mIlRU8Am5FuJP05cCM98=
+github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20201210154907-fd9021fe5dad/go.mod h1:cXg6YxExXjJnVBQHBLXeUAgxn2UodCpnH306RInaBQk=
+github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.10-0.20210907150352-cf90f659a021/go.mod h1:AFq3mo9L8Lqqiid3OhADV3RfLJnjiw63cSpi+fDTRC0=
 github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.1.0/go.mod h1:iSmxcyjqTsJpI2R4NaDN7+kN2VEUnK/pcBlmesArF7c=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.7.0/go.mod h1:Zm6kSWBoL9eyXnKyktHP6abPY2pDugNf5KwzbycvMj4=
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.7/go.mod h1:jwhsz4b93w/PPRr/qN1Yymfu8t87LnFCMoQvtojpjFo=
@ -66,6 +72,7 @@ github.com/golang/mock v1.3.1/go.mod h1:sBzyDLLjw3U8JLTeZvSv8jJB+tU5PVekmnlKIyFU
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.2.0/go.mod h1:6lQm79b+lXiMfvg/cZm0SGofjICqVBUtrP5yJMmIC1U=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.3.1/go.mod h1:6lQm79b+lXiMfvg/cZm0SGofjICqVBUtrP5yJMmIC1U=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.3.2/go.mod h1:6lQm79b+lXiMfvg/cZm0SGofjICqVBUtrP5yJMmIC1U=
+github.com/golang/protobuf v1.3.3/go.mod h1:vzj43D7+SQXF/4pzW/hwtAqwc6iTitCiVSaWz5lYuqw=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:ceaxUfeHdC40wWswd/P6IGgMaK3YpKi5j83Wpe3EHw8=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.0-rc.1.0.20200221234624-67d41d38c208/go.mod h1:xKAWHe0F5eneWXFV3EuXVDTCmh+JuBKY0li0aMyXATA=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.0-rc.2/go.mod h1:LlEzMj4AhA7rCAGe4KMBDvJI+AwstrUpVNzEA03Pprs=
@ -73,6 +80,7 @@ github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.0-rc.4.0.20200313231945-b860323f09d0/go.mod h1:W
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.0/go.mod h1:jodUvKwWbYaEsadDk5Fwe5c77LiNKVO9IDvqG2KuDX0=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.1/go.mod h1:U8fpvMrcmy5pZrNK1lt4xCsGvpyWQ/VVv6QDs8UjoX8=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.2/go.mod h1:oDoupMAO8OvCJWAcko0GGGIgR6R6ocIYbsSw735rRwI=
+github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.3/go.mod h1:oDoupMAO8OvCJWAcko0GGGIgR6R6ocIYbsSw735rRwI=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.0/go.mod h1:FsONVRAS9T7sI+LIUmWTfcYkHO4aIWwzhcaSAoJOfIk=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.1 h1:jAbXjIeW2ZSW2AwFxlGTDoc2CjI2XujLkV3ArsZFCvc=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.1/go.mod h1:DopwsBzvsk0Fs44TXzsVbJyPhcCPeIwnvohx4u74HPM=
@ -97,6 +105,7 @@ github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2/go.mod h1:YR8l580nyteQvAITg2hZ9XVh4b55+EU/ad
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware v1.0.0/go.mod h1:FiyG127CGDf3tlThmgyCl78X/SZQqEOJBCDaAfeWzPs=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0/go.mod h1:8NvIoxWQoOIhqOTXgfV/d3M/q6VIi02HzZEHgUlZvzk=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway v1.9.0/go.mod h1:vNeuVxBJEsws4ogUvrchl83t/GYV9WGTSLVdBhOQFDY=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway v1.16.0/go.mod h1:BDjrQk3hbvj6Nolgz8mAMFbcEtjT1g+wF4CSlocrBnw=
 github.com/hashicorp/consul/api v1.1.0/go.mod h1:VmuI/Lkw1nC05EYQWNKwWGbkg+FbDBtguAZLlVdkD9Q=
 github.com/hashicorp/consul/sdk v0.1.1/go.mod h1:VKf9jXwCTEY1QZP2MOLRhb5i/I/ssyNV1vwHyQBF0x8=
 github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.0.0/go.mod h1:YH+1FKiLXxHSkmPseP+kNlulaMuP3n2brvKWEqk/Jc4=
@ -169,6 +178,7 @@ github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.0.0-20181005140218-185b4288413d/go.mod h1:c3At6R
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.0.0-20190507164030-5867b95ac084/go.mod h1:TjEm7ze935MbeOT/UhFTIMYKhuLP4wbCsTZCD3I8kEA=
 github.com/prometheus/tsdb v0.7.1/go.mod h1:qhTCs0VvXwvX/y3TZrWD7rabWM+ijKTux40TwIPHuXU=
 github.com/rogpeppe/fastuuid v0.0.0-20150106093220-6724a57986af/go.mod h1:XWv6SoW27p1b0cqNHllgS5HIMJraePCO15w5zCzIWYg=
+github.com/rogpeppe/fastuuid v1.2.0/go.mod h1:jVj6XXZzXRy/MSR5jhDC/2q6DgLz+nrA6LYCDYWNEvQ=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.3.0/go.mod h1:M8bDsm7K2OlrFYOpmOWEs/qY81heoFRclV5y23lUDJ4=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.0.1/go.mod h1:+Rmxgy9KzJVeS9/2gXHxylqXiyQDYRxCVz55jmeOWTM=
 github.com/ryanuber/columnize v0.0.0-20160712163229-9b3edd62028f/go.mod h1:sm1tb6uqfes/u+d4ooFouqFdy9/2g9QGwK3SQygK0Ts=
@ -201,6 +211,7 @@ github.com/xiang90/probing v0.0.0-20190116061207-43a291ad63a2/go.mod h1:UETIi67q
 go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.2/go.mod h1:IbVyRI1SCnLcuJnV2u8VeU0CEYM7e686BmAb1XKL+uU=
 go.opencensus.io v0.21.0/go.mod h1:mSImk1erAIZhrmZN+AvHh14ztQfjbGwt4TtuofqLduU=
 go.opencensus.io v0.22.0/go.mod h1:+kGneAE2xo2IficOXnaByMWTGM9T73dGwxeWcUqIpI8=
+go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v0.7.0/go.mod h1:PqfVotwruBrMGOCsRd/89rSnXhoiJIqeYNgFYFoEGnI=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.4.0/go.mod h1:gD2HeocX3+yG+ygLZcrzQJaqmWj9AIm7n08wl/qW/PE=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0 h1:ADUqmZGgLDDfbSL9ZmPxKTybcoEYHgpYfELNoN+7hsw=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0/go.mod h1:fEN4uk6kAWBTFdckzkM89CLk9XfWZrxpCo0nPH17wJc=
@ -215,6 +226,7 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20181029021203-45a5f77698d3/go.mod h1:6SG95UA2DQfeDnf
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190510104115-cbcb75029529/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190605123033-f99c8df09eb5/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190306152737-a1d7652674e8/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190510132918-efd6b22b2522/go.mod h1:ZjyILWgesfNpC6sMxTJOJm9Kp84zZh5NQWvqDGG3Qr8=
@ -246,11 +258,13 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190501004415-9ce7a6920f09/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190503192946-f4e77d36d62c/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190603091049-60506f45cf65/go.mod h1:HSz+uSET+XFnRR8LxR5pz3Of3rY3CfYBVs4xY44aLks=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859 h1:R/3boaszxrf1GEUWTVDzSKVwLmSJpwZ1yqXm8j0v2QI=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200822124328-c89045814202 h1:VvcQYSHwXgi7W+TpUR6A9g6Up98WAHf3f/ulnJ62IyA=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200822124328-c89045814202/go.mod h1:/O7V0waA8r7cgGh81Ro3o1hOxt32SMVPicZroKQ2sZA=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190226205417-e64efc72b421/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190604053449-0f29369cfe45/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20200107190931-bf48bf16ab8d/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20180314180146-1d60e4601c6f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181221193216-37e7f081c4d4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@ -269,6 +283,7 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190502145724-3ef323f4f1fd/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190507160741-ecd444e8653b/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190606165138-5da285871e9c/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190624142023-c5567b49c5d0/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200323222414-85ca7c5b95cd/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210403161142-5e06dd20ab57 h1:F5Gozwx4I1xtr/sr/8CFbb57iKi3297KFs0QDbGN60A=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210403161142-5e06dd20ab57/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
@ -296,8 +311,9 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190911174233-4f2ddba30aff/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtn
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191012152004-8de300cfc20a/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191112195655-aa38f8e97acc/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543 h1:E7g+9GITq07hpfrRu66IVDexMakfv52eLZ2CXBWiKr4=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
+golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1 h1:go1bK/D/BFZV2I8cIQd1NKEZ+0owSTG1fDTci4IqFcE=
+golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 google.golang.org/api v0.4.0/go.mod h1:8k5glujaEP+g9n7WNsDg8QP6cUVNI86fCNMcbazEtwE=
 google.golang.org/api v0.7.0/go.mod h1:WtwebWUNSVBH/HAw79HIFXZNqEvBhG+Ra+ax0hx3E3M=
 google.golang.org/api v0.8.0/go.mod h1:o4eAsZoiT+ibD93RtjEohWalFOjRDx6CVaqeizhEnKg=
@ -316,6 +332,7 @@ google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190801165951-fa694d86fc64/go.mod h1:DMBHOl98
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190819201941-24fa4b261c55/go.mod h1:DMBHOl98Agz4BDEuKkezgsaosCRResVns1a3J2ZsMNc=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190911173649-1774047e7e51/go.mod h1:IbNlFCBrqXvoKpeg0TB2l7cyZUmoaFKYIwrEpbDKLA8=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20191108220845-16a3f7862a1a/go.mod h1:n3cpQtvxv34hfy77yVDNjmbRyujviMdxYliBSkLhpCc=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200513103714-09dca8ec2884/go.mod h1:55QSHmfGQM9UVYDPBsyGGes0y52j32PQ3BqQfXhyH3c=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200526211855-cb27e3aa2013 h1:+kGHl1aib/qcwaRi1CbqBZ1rk19r85MNUf8HaBghugY=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200526211855-cb27e3aa2013/go.mod h1:NbSheEEYHJ7i3ixzK3sjbqSGDJWnxyFXZblF3eUsNvo=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.19.0/go.mod h1:mqu4LbDTu4XGKhr4mRzUsmM4RtVoemTSY81AxZiDr8c=
@ -324,8 +341,10 @@ google.golang.org/grpc v1.21.1/go.mod h1:oYelfM1adQP15Ek0mdvEgi9Df8B9CZIaU1084ij
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.23.0/go.mod h1:Y5yQAOtifL1yxbo5wqy6BxZv8vAUGQwXBOALyacEbxg=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.25.1/go.mod h1:c3i+UQWmh7LiEpx4sFZnkU36qjEYZ0imhYfXVyQciAY=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.27.0/go.mod h1:qbnxyOmOxrQa7FizSgH+ReBfzJrCY1pSN7KXBS8abTk=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0 h1:/9BgsAsa5nWe26HqOlvlgJnqBuktYOLCgjCPqsa56W0=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0/go.mod h1:NREThFqKR1f3iQ6oBuvc5LadQuXVGo9rkm5ZGrQdJfM=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.33.1/go.mod h1:fr5YgcSWrqhRRxogOsw7RzIpsmvOZ6IcH4kBYTpR3n0=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.36.0/go.mod h1:qjiiYl8FncCW8feJPdyg3v6XW24KsRHe+dy9BAGRRjU=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0 h1:f+PlOh7QV4iIJkPrx5NQ7qaNGFQ3OTse67yaDHfju4E=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0/go.mod h1:U3l9uK9J0sini8mHphKoXyaqDA/8VyGnDee1zzIUK6k=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200109180630-ec00e32a8dfd/go.mod h1:DFci5gLYBciE7Vtevhsrf46CRTquxDuWsQurQQe4oz8=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200221191635-4d8936d0db64/go.mod h1:kwYJMbMJ01Woi6D6+Kah6886xMZcty6N08ah7+eCXa0=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200228230310-ab0ca4ff8a60/go.mod h1:cfTl7dwQJ+fmap5saPgwCLgHXTUD7jkjRqWcaiX5VyM=
@ -348,6 +367,7 @@ gopkg.in/resty.v1 v1.12.0/go.mod h1:mDo4pnntr5jdWRML875a/NmxYqAlA73dVijT2AXvQQo=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.0.0-20170812160011-eb3733d160e7/go.mod h1:JAlM8MvJe8wmxCU4Bli9HhUf9+ttbYbLASfIpnQbh74=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.1/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.3/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.4/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.8/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 h1:D8xgwECY7CYvx+Y2n4sBz93Jn9JRvxdiyyo8CTfuKaY=
--- a/pkg/netutil/netutil.go
+++ b/pkg/netutil/netutil.go
@ -190,12 +190,6 @@ func URLStringsEqual(ctx context.Context, lg *zap.Logger, a []string, b []string
 		}
 		urlsB = append(urlsB, *u)
 	}
-	if lg == nil {
-		lg, _ = zap.NewProduction()
-		if lg == nil {
-			lg = zap.NewExample()
-		}
-	}
 	return urlsEqual(ctx, lg, urlsA, urlsB)
 }

--- a/pkg/proxy/server.go
+++ b/pkg/proxy/server.go
@ -37,17 +37,8 @@ var (
 	defaultDialTimeout   = 3 * time.Second
 	defaultBufferSize    = 48 * 1024
 	defaultRetryInterval = 10 * time.Millisecond
-	defaultLogger        *zap.Logger
 )

-func init() {
-	var err error
-	defaultLogger, err = zap.NewProduction()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-}
-
 // Server defines proxy server layer that simulates common network faults:
 // latency spikes and packet drop or corruption. The proxy overhead is very
 // small overhead (<500μs per request). Please run tests to compute actual
@ -240,9 +231,6 @@ func NewServer(cfg ServerConfig) Server {
 	if s.retryInterval == 0 {
 		s.retryInterval = defaultRetryInterval
 	}
-	if s.lg == nil {
-		s.lg = defaultLogger
-	}

 	close(s.pauseAcceptc)
 	close(s.pauseTxc)
--- a/raft/go.mod
+++ b/raft/go.mod
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.2
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.5
 )

 // Bad imports are sometimes causing attempts to pull that code.
--- a/scripts/build-binary
+++ b/scripts/build-binary
@ -79,6 +79,10 @@ function main {
      TARGET_ARCHS+=("s390x")
    fi

+    if [ ${GOOS} == "darwin" ]; then
+      TARGET_ARCHS+=("arm64")
+    fi
+
    for TARGET_ARCH in "${TARGET_ARCHS[@]}"; do
      export GOARCH=${TARGET_ARCH}

--- a/scripts/release
+++ b/scripts/release
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ main() {
  RELEASE_VERSION="v${VERSION}"
  MINOR_VERSION=$(echo "${VERSION}" | cut -d. -f 1-2)
  BRANCH=${BRANCH:-"release-${MINOR_VERSION}"}
-  REPOSITORY=${REPOSITORY:-"git@github.com:etcd-io/etcd.git"}
+  REPOSITORY=${REPOSITORY:-"https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd.git"}

  log_warning "DRY_RUN=${DRY_RUN}"
  log_callout "RELEASE_VERSION=${RELEASE_VERSION}"
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ main() {

  # Check go version.
  local go_version current_go_version
-  go_version="go$(run_go_tool "github.com/mikefarah/yq/v3" read .travis.yml "go[0]")"
+  go_version="go$(grep go-version .github/workflows/tests.yaml | awk '{print $2}' | tr -d '"')"
  current_go_version=$(go version | awk '{ print $3 }')
  if [[ "${current_go_version}" != "${go_version}" ]]; then
    log_error "Current go version is ${current_go_version}, but etcd ${RELEASE_VERSION} requires ${go_version} (see .travis.yml)."
@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ main() {
    fi

    # Push the version change if it's not already been pushed.
-    if [ "$(git rev-list --count "origin/${BRANCH}..${BRANCH}")" -gt 0 ]; then
+    if [ "$DRY_RUN" != "true" ] && [ "$(git rev-list --count "origin/${BRANCH}..${BRANCH}")" -gt 0 ]; then
      read -p "Push version bump up to ${VERSION} to '$(git remote get-url origin)' [y/N]? " -r confirm
      [[ "${confirm,,}" == "y" ]] || exit 1
      maybe_run git push
@ -161,13 +161,6 @@ main() {
      REMOTE_REPO="origin" push_mod_tags_cmd
    fi

-    # Verify the latest commit has the version tag
-    local tag="$(git describe --exact-match HEAD)"
-    if [ "${tag}" != "${RELEASE_VERSION}" ]; then
-      log_error "Error: Expected HEAD to be tagged with ${RELEASE_VERSION}, but 'git describe --exact-match HEAD' reported: ${tag}"
-      exit 1
-    fi
-
    # Verify the version tag is on the right branch
    local branch=$(git for-each-ref --contains "${RELEASE_VERSION}" --format="%(refname)" 'refs/heads' | cut -d '/' -f 3)
    if [ "${branch}" != "${BRANCH}" ]; then
@ -176,18 +169,29 @@ main() {
    fi
  fi

+  # Verify the latest commit has the version tag
+  # shellcheck disable=SC2155
+  local tag="$(git describe --exact-match HEAD)"
+  if [ "${tag}" != "${RELEASE_VERSION}" ]; then
+    log_error "Error: Expected HEAD to be tagged with ${RELEASE_VERSION}, but 'git describe --exact-match HEAD' reported: ${tag}"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  # Verify the clean working tree
+  # shellcheck disable=SC2155
+  local diff="$(git diff HEAD --stat)"
+  if [[ "${diff}" != '' ]]; then
+    log_error "Error: Expected clean working tree, but 'git diff --stat' reported: ${diff}"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
  # Build release.
  # TODO: check the release directory for all required build artifacts.
  if [ -d release ]; then
    log_warning "Skipping release build step. /release directory already exists."
  else
    log_callout "Building release..."
-    if ${DRY_RUN}; then
-      log_warning "In DRY_RUN mode we clone the current release directory (as there was no push)"
-      REPOSITORY=$(pwd) ./scripts/build-release.sh "${RELEASE_VERSION}"
-    else
-      REPOSITORY=${REPOSITORY} ./scripts/build-release.sh "${RELEASE_VERSION}"
-    fi
+    REPOSITORY=$(pwd) ./scripts/build-release.sh "${RELEASE_VERSION}"
  fi

  # Sanity checks.
@ -263,7 +267,11 @@ main() {

  # Check image versions
  for IMAGE in "quay.io/coreos/etcd:${RELEASE_VERSION}" "gcr.io/etcd-development/etcd:${RELEASE_VERSION}"; do
-    local image_version=$(dry_run docker run --rm "${IMAGE}" etcd --version | grep "etcd Version" | awk -F: '{print $2}' | tr -d '[:space:]')
+    if [ "${DRY_RUN}" == "true" ] || [ "${NO_DOCKER_PUSH}" == 1 ]; then
+      IMAGE="${IMAGE}-amd64"
+    fi
+    # shellcheck disable=SC2155
+    local image_version=$(docker run --rm "${IMAGE}" etcd --version | grep "etcd Version" | awk -F: '{print $2}' | tr -d '[:space:]')
    if [ "${image_version}" != "${VERSION}" ]; then
      log_error "Check failed: etcd --version output for ${IMAGE} is incorrect: ${image_version}"
      exit 1
@ -272,7 +280,11 @@ main() {

  # Check gsutil binary versions
  local BINARY_TGZ="etcd-${RELEASE_VERSION}-$(go env GOOS)-amd64.tar.gz"
-  gsutil cp "gs://etcd/${RELEASE_VERSION}/${BINARY_TGZ}" downloads
+  if [ "${DRY_RUN}" == "true" ] || [ "${NO_UPLOAD}" == 1 ]; then
+    cp "./release/${BINARY_TGZ}" downloads
+  else
+    gsutil cp "gs://etcd/${RELEASE_VERSION}/${BINARY_TGZ}" downloads
+  fi
  tar -zx -C downloads -f "downloads/${BINARY_TGZ}"
  local binary_version=$("./downloads/etcd-${RELEASE_VERSION}-$(go env GOOS)-amd64/etcd" --version | grep "etcd Version" | awk -F: '{print $2}' | tr -d '[:space:]')
  if [ "${binary_version}" != "${VERSION}" ]; then
--- a/server/auth/range_perm_cache.go
+++ b/server/auth/range_perm_cache.go
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )

-func getMergedPerms(lg *zap.Logger, tx backend.BatchTx, userName string) *unifiedRangePermissions {
+func getMergedPerms(lg *zap.Logger, tx backend.ReadTx, userName string) *unifiedRangePermissions {
 	user := getUser(lg, tx, userName)
 	if user == nil {
 		return nil
@ -105,34 +105,48 @@ func checkKeyPoint(lg *zap.Logger, cachedPerms *unifiedRangePermissions, key []b
 	return false
 }

-func (as *authStore) isRangeOpPermitted(tx backend.BatchTx, userName string, key, rangeEnd []byte, permtyp authpb.Permission_Type) bool {
-	// assumption: tx is Lock()ed
-	_, ok := as.rangePermCache[userName]
+func (as *authStore) isRangeOpPermitted(userName string, key, rangeEnd []byte, permtyp authpb.Permission_Type) bool {
+	as.rangePermCacheMu.RLock()
+	defer as.rangePermCacheMu.RUnlock()
+
+	rangePerm, ok := as.rangePermCache[userName]
 	if !ok {
+		as.lg.Error(
+			"user doesn't exist",
+			zap.String("user-name", userName),
+		)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if len(rangeEnd) == 0 {
+		return checkKeyPoint(as.lg, rangePerm, key, permtyp)
+	}
+
+	return checkKeyInterval(as.lg, rangePerm, key, rangeEnd, permtyp)
+}
+
+func (as *authStore) refreshRangePermCache(tx backend.ReadTx) {
+	// Note that every authentication configuration update calls this method and it invalidates the entire
+	// rangePermCache and reconstruct it based on information of users and roles stored in the backend.
+	// This can be a costly operation.
+	as.rangePermCacheMu.Lock()
+	defer as.rangePermCacheMu.Unlock()
+
+	as.rangePermCache = make(map[string]*unifiedRangePermissions)
+
+	users := getAllUsers(as.lg, tx)
+	for _, user := range users {
+		userName := string(user.Name)
 		perms := getMergedPerms(as.lg, tx, userName)
 		if perms == nil {
 			as.lg.Error(
 				"failed to create a merged permission",
 				zap.String("user-name", userName),
 			)
-			return false
+			continue
 		}
 		as.rangePermCache[userName] = perms
 	}
-
-	if len(rangeEnd) == 0 {
-		return checkKeyPoint(as.lg, as.rangePermCache[userName], key, permtyp)
-	}
-
-	return checkKeyInterval(as.lg, as.rangePermCache[userName], key, rangeEnd, permtyp)
-}
-
-func (as *authStore) clearCachedPerm() {
-	as.rangePermCache = make(map[string]*unifiedRangePermissions)
-}
-
-func (as *authStore) invalidateCachedPerm(userName string) {
-	delete(as.rangePermCache, userName)
 }

 type unifiedRangePermissions struct {
--- a/server/auth/simple_token.go
+++ b/server/auth/simple_token.go
@ -156,6 +156,11 @@ func (t *tokenSimple) invalidateUser(username string) {
 }

 func (t *tokenSimple) enable() {
+	t.simpleTokensMu.Lock()
+	defer t.simpleTokensMu.Unlock()
+	if t.simpleTokenKeeper != nil { // already enabled
+		return
+	}
 	if t.simpleTokenTTL <= 0 {
 		t.simpleTokenTTL = simpleTokenTTLDefault
 	}
--- a/server/auth/store.go
+++ b/server/auth/store.go
@ -208,7 +208,14 @@ type authStore struct {
 	enabled   bool
 	enabledMu sync.RWMutex

-	rangePermCache map[string]*unifiedRangePermissions // username -> unifiedRangePermissions
+	// rangePermCache needs to be protected by rangePermCacheMu
+	// rangePermCacheMu needs to be write locked only in initialization phase or configuration changes
+	// Hot paths like Range(), needs to acquire read lock for improving performance
+	//
+	// Note that BatchTx and ReadTx cannot be a mutex for rangePermCache because they are independent resources
+	// see also: https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/13920#discussion_r849114855
+	rangePermCache   map[string]*unifiedRangePermissions // username -> unifiedRangePermissions
+	rangePermCacheMu sync.RWMutex

 	tokenProvider TokenProvider
 	bcryptCost    int // the algorithm cost / strength for hashing auth passwords
@ -223,7 +230,7 @@ func (as *authStore) AuthEnable() error {
 	}
 	b := as.be
 	tx := b.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	defer func() {
 		tx.Unlock()
 		b.ForceCommit()
@ -243,7 +250,7 @@ func (as *authStore) AuthEnable() error {
 	as.enabled = true
 	as.tokenProvider.enable()

-	as.rangePermCache = make(map[string]*unifiedRangePermissions)
+	as.refreshRangePermCache(tx)

 	as.setRevision(getRevision(tx))

@ -259,7 +266,7 @@ func (as *authStore) AuthDisable() {
 	}
 	b := as.be
 	tx := b.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	tx.UnsafePut(buckets.Auth, enableFlagKey, authDisabled)
 	as.commitRevision(tx)
 	tx.Unlock()
@ -287,7 +294,7 @@ func (as *authStore) Authenticate(ctx context.Context, username, password string
 	}

 	tx := as.be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()

 	user := getUser(as.lg, tx, username)
@ -324,7 +331,7 @@ func (as *authStore) CheckPassword(username, password string) (uint64, error) {
 	// CompareHashAndPassword is very expensive, so we use closures
 	// to avoid putting it in the critical section of the tx lock.
 	revision, err := func() (uint64, error) {
-		tx := as.be.BatchTx()
+		tx := as.be.ReadTx()
 		tx.Lock()
 		defer tx.Unlock()

@ -353,7 +360,7 @@ func (as *authStore) CheckPassword(username, password string) (uint64, error) {
 func (as *authStore) Recover(be backend.Backend) {
 	enabled := false
 	as.be = be
-	tx := be.BatchTx()
+	tx := be.ReadTx()
 	tx.Lock()
 	_, vs := tx.UnsafeRange(buckets.Auth, enableFlagKey, nil, 0)
 	if len(vs) == 1 {
@ -368,6 +375,9 @@ func (as *authStore) Recover(be backend.Backend) {

 	as.enabledMu.Lock()
 	as.enabled = enabled
+	if enabled {
+		as.tokenProvider.enable()
+	}
 	as.enabledMu.Unlock()
 }

@ -385,7 +395,7 @@ func (as *authStore) UserAdd(r *pb.AuthUserAddRequest) (*pb.AuthUserAddResponse,
 	}

 	tx := as.be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()

 	user := getUser(as.lg, tx, r.Name)
@ -419,6 +429,7 @@ func (as *authStore) UserAdd(r *pb.AuthUserAddRequest) (*pb.AuthUserAddResponse,
 	putUser(as.lg, tx, newUser)

 	as.commitRevision(tx)
+	as.refreshRangePermCache(tx)

 	as.lg.Info("added a user", zap.String("user-name", r.Name))
 	return &pb.AuthUserAddResponse{}, nil
@ -431,7 +442,7 @@ func (as *authStore) UserDelete(r *pb.AuthUserDeleteRequest) (*pb.AuthUserDelete
 	}

 	tx := as.be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()

 	user := getUser(as.lg, tx, r.Name)
@ -442,8 +453,8 @@ func (as *authStore) UserDelete(r *pb.AuthUserDeleteRequest) (*pb.AuthUserDelete
 	delUser(tx, r.Name)

 	as.commitRevision(tx)
+	as.refreshRangePermCache(tx)

-	as.invalidateCachedPerm(r.Name)
 	as.tokenProvider.invalidateUser(r.Name)

 	as.lg.Info(
@ -456,7 +467,7 @@ func (as *authStore) UserDelete(r *pb.AuthUserDeleteRequest) (*pb.AuthUserDelete

 func (as *authStore) UserChangePassword(r *pb.AuthUserChangePasswordRequest) (*pb.AuthUserChangePasswordResponse, error) {
 	tx := as.be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()

 	user := getUser(as.lg, tx, r.Name)
@ -484,8 +495,8 @@ func (as *authStore) UserChangePassword(r *pb.AuthUserChangePasswordRequest) (*p
 	putUser(as.lg, tx, updatedUser)

 	as.commitRevision(tx)
+	as.refreshRangePermCache(tx)

-	as.invalidateCachedPerm(r.Name)
 	as.tokenProvider.invalidateUser(r.Name)

 	as.lg.Info(
@ -498,7 +509,7 @@ func (as *authStore) UserChangePassword(r *pb.AuthUserChangePasswordRequest) (*p

 func (as *authStore) UserGrantRole(r *pb.AuthUserGrantRoleRequest) (*pb.AuthUserGrantRoleResponse, error) {
 	tx := as.be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()

 	user := getUser(as.lg, tx, r.User)
@ -529,9 +540,8 @@ func (as *authStore) UserGrantRole(r *pb.AuthUserGrantRoleRequest) (*pb.AuthUser

 	putUser(as.lg, tx, user)

-	as.invalidateCachedPerm(r.User)
-
 	as.commitRevision(tx)
+	as.refreshRangePermCache(tx)

 	as.lg.Info(
 		"granted a role to a user",
@ -544,7 +554,7 @@ func (as *authStore) UserGrantRole(r *pb.AuthUserGrantRoleRequest) (*pb.AuthUser

 func (as *authStore) UserGet(r *pb.AuthUserGetRequest) (*pb.AuthUserGetResponse, error) {
 	tx := as.be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	user := getUser(as.lg, tx, r.Name)
 	tx.Unlock()

@ -559,7 +569,7 @@ func (as *authStore) UserGet(r *pb.AuthUserGetRequest) (*pb.AuthUserGetResponse,

 func (as *authStore) UserList(r *pb.AuthUserListRequest) (*pb.AuthUserListResponse, error) {
 	tx := as.be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	users := getAllUsers(as.lg, tx)
 	tx.Unlock()

@ -581,7 +591,7 @@ func (as *authStore) UserRevokeRole(r *pb.AuthUserRevokeRoleRequest) (*pb.AuthUs
 	}

 	tx := as.be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()

 	user := getUser(as.lg, tx, r.Name)
@ -607,9 +617,8 @@ func (as *authStore) UserRevokeRole(r *pb.AuthUserRevokeRoleRequest) (*pb.AuthUs

 	putUser(as.lg, tx, updatedUser)

-	as.invalidateCachedPerm(r.Name)
-
 	as.commitRevision(tx)
+	as.refreshRangePermCache(tx)

 	as.lg.Info(
 		"revoked a role from a user",
@ -623,7 +632,7 @@ func (as *authStore) UserRevokeRole(r *pb.AuthUserRevokeRoleRequest) (*pb.AuthUs

 func (as *authStore) RoleGet(r *pb.AuthRoleGetRequest) (*pb.AuthRoleGetResponse, error) {
 	tx := as.be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()

 	var resp pb.AuthRoleGetResponse
@ -638,7 +647,7 @@ func (as *authStore) RoleGet(r *pb.AuthRoleGetRequest) (*pb.AuthRoleGetResponse,

 func (as *authStore) RoleList(r *pb.AuthRoleListRequest) (*pb.AuthRoleListResponse, error) {
 	tx := as.be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	roles := getAllRoles(as.lg, tx)
 	tx.Unlock()

@ -651,7 +660,7 @@ func (as *authStore) RoleList(r *pb.AuthRoleListRequest) (*pb.AuthRoleListRespon

 func (as *authStore) RoleRevokePermission(r *pb.AuthRoleRevokePermissionRequest) (*pb.AuthRoleRevokePermissionResponse, error) {
 	tx := as.be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()

 	role := getRole(as.lg, tx, r.Role)
@ -675,11 +684,8 @@ func (as *authStore) RoleRevokePermission(r *pb.AuthRoleRevokePermissionRequest)

 	putRole(as.lg, tx, updatedRole)

-	// TODO(mitake): currently single role update invalidates every cache
-	// It should be optimized.
-	as.clearCachedPerm()
-
 	as.commitRevision(tx)
+	as.refreshRangePermCache(tx)

 	as.lg.Info(
 		"revoked a permission on range",
@ -697,7 +703,7 @@ func (as *authStore) RoleDelete(r *pb.AuthRoleDeleteRequest) (*pb.AuthRoleDelete
 	}

 	tx := as.be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()

 	role := getRole(as.lg, tx, r.Role)
@ -727,10 +733,10 @@ func (as *authStore) RoleDelete(r *pb.AuthRoleDeleteRequest) (*pb.AuthRoleDelete

 		putUser(as.lg, tx, updatedUser)

-		as.invalidateCachedPerm(string(user.Name))
 	}

 	as.commitRevision(tx)
+	as.refreshRangePermCache(tx)

 	as.lg.Info("deleted a role", zap.String("role-name", r.Role))
 	return &pb.AuthRoleDeleteResponse{}, nil
@ -742,7 +748,7 @@ func (as *authStore) RoleAdd(r *pb.AuthRoleAddRequest) (*pb.AuthRoleAddResponse,
 	}

 	tx := as.be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()

 	role := getRole(as.lg, tx, r.Name)
@ -786,7 +792,7 @@ func (as *authStore) RoleGrantPermission(r *pb.AuthRoleGrantPermissionRequest) (
 	}

 	tx := as.be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()

 	role := getRole(as.lg, tx, r.Name)
@ -815,11 +821,8 @@ func (as *authStore) RoleGrantPermission(r *pb.AuthRoleGrantPermissionRequest) (

 	putRole(as.lg, tx, role)

-	// TODO(mitake): currently single role update invalidates every cache
-	// It should be optimized.
-	as.clearCachedPerm()
-
 	as.commitRevision(tx)
+	as.refreshRangePermCache(tx)

 	as.lg.Info(
 		"granted/updated a permission to a user",
@ -849,7 +852,7 @@ func (as *authStore) isOpPermitted(userName string, revision uint64, key, rangeE
 		return ErrAuthOldRevision
 	}

-	tx := as.be.BatchTx()
+	tx := as.be.ReadTx()
 	tx.Lock()
 	defer tx.Unlock()

@ -864,7 +867,7 @@ func (as *authStore) isOpPermitted(userName string, revision uint64, key, rangeE
 		return nil
 	}

-	if as.isRangeOpPermitted(tx, userName, key, rangeEnd, permTyp) {
+	if as.isRangeOpPermitted(userName, key, rangeEnd, permTyp) {
 		return nil
 	}

@ -891,7 +894,7 @@ func (as *authStore) IsAdminPermitted(authInfo *AuthInfo) error {
 		return ErrUserEmpty
 	}

-	tx := as.be.BatchTx()
+	tx := as.be.ReadTx()
 	tx.Lock()
 	u := getUser(as.lg, tx, authInfo.Username)
 	tx.Unlock()
@ -907,7 +910,7 @@ func (as *authStore) IsAdminPermitted(authInfo *AuthInfo) error {
 	return nil
 }

-func getUser(lg *zap.Logger, tx backend.BatchTx, username string) *authpb.User {
+func getUser(lg *zap.Logger, tx backend.ReadTx, username string) *authpb.User {
 	_, vs := tx.UnsafeRange(buckets.AuthUsers, []byte(username), nil, 0)
 	if len(vs) == 0 {
 		return nil
@ -925,8 +928,16 @@ func getUser(lg *zap.Logger, tx backend.BatchTx, username string) *authpb.User {
 	return user
 }

-func getAllUsers(lg *zap.Logger, tx backend.BatchTx) []*authpb.User {
-	_, vs := tx.UnsafeRange(buckets.AuthUsers, []byte{0}, []byte{0xff}, -1)
+func getAllUsers(lg *zap.Logger, tx backend.ReadTx) []*authpb.User {
+	var vs [][]byte
+	err := tx.UnsafeForEach(buckets.AuthUsers, func(k []byte, v []byte) error {
+		vs = append(vs, v)
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		lg.Panic("failed to get users",
+			zap.Error(err))
+	}
 	if len(vs) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@ -955,7 +966,7 @@ func delUser(tx backend.BatchTx, username string) {
 	tx.UnsafeDelete(buckets.AuthUsers, []byte(username))
 }

-func getRole(lg *zap.Logger, tx backend.BatchTx, rolename string) *authpb.Role {
+func getRole(lg *zap.Logger, tx backend.ReadTx, rolename string) *authpb.Role {
 	_, vs := tx.UnsafeRange(buckets.AuthRoles, []byte(rolename), nil, 0)
 	if len(vs) == 0 {
 		return nil
@ -969,7 +980,7 @@ func getRole(lg *zap.Logger, tx backend.BatchTx, rolename string) *authpb.Role {
 	return role
 }

-func getAllRoles(lg *zap.Logger, tx backend.BatchTx) []*authpb.Role {
+func getAllRoles(lg *zap.Logger, tx backend.ReadTx) []*authpb.Role {
 	_, vs := tx.UnsafeRange(buckets.AuthRoles, []byte{0}, []byte{0xff}, -1)
 	if len(vs) == 0 {
 		return nil
@ -1028,7 +1039,7 @@ func NewAuthStore(lg *zap.Logger, be backend.Backend, tp TokenProvider, bcryptCo
 	}

 	tx := be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockOutsideApply()

 	tx.UnsafeCreateBucket(buckets.Auth)
 	tx.UnsafeCreateBucket(buckets.AuthUsers)
@ -1062,6 +1073,8 @@ func NewAuthStore(lg *zap.Logger, be backend.Backend, tp TokenProvider, bcryptCo

 	as.setupMetricsReporter()

+	as.refreshRangePermCache(tx)
+
 	tx.Unlock()
 	be.ForceCommit()

@ -1081,7 +1094,7 @@ func (as *authStore) commitRevision(tx backend.BatchTx) {
 	tx.UnsafePut(buckets.Auth, revisionKey, revBytes)
 }

-func getRevision(tx backend.BatchTx) uint64 {
+func getRevision(tx backend.ReadTx) uint64 {
 	_, vs := tx.UnsafeRange(buckets.Auth, revisionKey, nil, 0)
 	if len(vs) != 1 {
 		// this can happen in the initialization phase
@ -1281,7 +1294,7 @@ func (as *authStore) WithRoot(ctx context.Context) context.Context {

 func (as *authStore) HasRole(user, role string) bool {
 	tx := as.be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	u := getUser(as.lg, tx, user)
 	tx.Unlock()

--- a/server/auth/store_test.go
+++ b/server/auth/store_test.go
@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/authpb"
 	pb "go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/etcdserverpb"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/v3rpc/rpctypes"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/adt"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/mvcc/backend"
 	betesting "go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/mvcc/backend/testing"

@ -153,7 +154,8 @@ func TestUserAdd(t *testing.T) {
 	as, tearDown := setupAuthStore(t)
 	defer tearDown(t)

-	ua := &pb.AuthUserAddRequest{Name: "foo", Options: &authpb.UserAddOptions{NoPassword: false}}
+	const userName = "foo"
+	ua := &pb.AuthUserAddRequest{Name: userName, Options: &authpb.UserAddOptions{NoPassword: false}}
 	_, err := as.UserAdd(ua) // add an existing user
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected %v, got %v", ErrUserAlreadyExist, err)
@ -167,6 +169,11 @@ func TestUserAdd(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != ErrUserEmpty {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
+
+	if _, ok := as.rangePermCache[userName]; !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("user %s should be added but it doesn't exist in rangePermCache", userName)
+
+	}
 }

 func TestRecover(t *testing.T) {
@ -216,7 +223,8 @@ func TestUserDelete(t *testing.T) {
 	defer tearDown(t)

 	// delete an existing user
-	ud := &pb.AuthUserDeleteRequest{Name: "foo"}
+	const userName = "foo"
+	ud := &pb.AuthUserDeleteRequest{Name: userName}
 	_, err := as.UserDelete(ud)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@ -230,6 +238,47 @@ func TestUserDelete(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != ErrUserNotFound {
 		t.Fatalf("expected %v, got %v", ErrUserNotFound, err)
 	}
+
+	if _, ok := as.rangePermCache[userName]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("user %s should be deleted but it exists in rangePermCache", userName)
+
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUserDeleteAndPermCache(t *testing.T) {
+	as, tearDown := setupAuthStore(t)
+	defer tearDown(t)
+
+	// delete an existing user
+	const deletedUserName = "foo"
+	ud := &pb.AuthUserDeleteRequest{Name: deletedUserName}
+	_, err := as.UserDelete(ud)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// delete a non-existing user
+	_, err = as.UserDelete(ud)
+	if err != ErrUserNotFound {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %v, got %v", ErrUserNotFound, err)
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := as.rangePermCache[deletedUserName]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("user %s should be deleted but it exists in rangePermCache", deletedUserName)
+	}
+
+	// add a new user
+	const newUser = "bar"
+	ua := &pb.AuthUserAddRequest{Name: newUser, HashedPassword: encodePassword("pwd1"), Options: &authpb.UserAddOptions{NoPassword: false}}
+	_, err = as.UserAdd(ua)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := as.rangePermCache[newUser]; !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("user %s should exist but it doesn't exist in rangePermCache", deletedUserName)
+
+	}
 }

 func TestUserChangePassword(t *testing.T) {
@ -524,17 +573,44 @@ func TestUserRevokePermission(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

-	_, err = as.UserGrantRole(&pb.AuthUserGrantRoleRequest{User: "foo", Role: "role-test"})
+	const userName = "foo"
+	_, err = as.UserGrantRole(&pb.AuthUserGrantRoleRequest{User: userName, Role: "role-test"})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

-	_, err = as.UserGrantRole(&pb.AuthUserGrantRoleRequest{User: "foo", Role: "role-test-1"})
+	_, err = as.UserGrantRole(&pb.AuthUserGrantRoleRequest{User: userName, Role: "role-test-1"})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

-	u, err := as.UserGet(&pb.AuthUserGetRequest{Name: "foo"})
+	perm := &authpb.Permission{
+		PermType: authpb.WRITE,
+		Key:      []byte("WriteKeyBegin"),
+		RangeEnd: []byte("WriteKeyEnd"),
+	}
+	_, err = as.RoleGrantPermission(&pb.AuthRoleGrantPermissionRequest{
+		Name: "role-test-1",
+		Perm: perm,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := as.rangePermCache[userName]; !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("User %s should have its entry in rangePermCache", userName)
+	}
+	unifiedPerm := as.rangePermCache[userName]
+	pt1 := adt.NewBytesAffinePoint([]byte("WriteKeyBegin"))
+	if !unifiedPerm.writePerms.Contains(pt1) {
+		t.Fatal("rangePermCache should contain WriteKeyBegin")
+	}
+	pt2 := adt.NewBytesAffinePoint([]byte("OutOfRange"))
+	if unifiedPerm.writePerms.Contains(pt2) {
+		t.Fatal("rangePermCache should not contain OutOfRange")
+	}
+
+	u, err := as.UserGet(&pb.AuthUserGetRequest{Name: userName})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@ -544,12 +620,12 @@ func TestUserRevokePermission(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected %v, got %v", expected, u.Roles)
 	}

-	_, err = as.UserRevokeRole(&pb.AuthUserRevokeRoleRequest{Name: "foo", Role: "role-test-1"})
+	_, err = as.UserRevokeRole(&pb.AuthUserRevokeRoleRequest{Name: userName, Role: "role-test-1"})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

-	u, err = as.UserGet(&pb.AuthUserGetRequest{Name: "foo"})
+	u, err = as.UserGet(&pb.AuthUserGetRequest{Name: userName})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
--- a/server/config/config.go
+++ b/server/config/config.go
@ -120,6 +120,10 @@ type ServerConfig struct {
 	// MaxRequestBytes is the maximum request size to send over raft.
 	MaxRequestBytes uint

+	// MaxConcurrentStreams specifies the maximum number of concurrent
+	// streams that each client can open at a time.
+	MaxConcurrentStreams uint32
+
 	WarningApplyDuration time.Duration

 	StrictReconfigCheck bool
@ -133,8 +137,10 @@ type ServerConfig struct {

 	// InitialCorruptCheck is true to check data corruption on boot
 	// before serving any peer/client traffic.
-	InitialCorruptCheck bool
-	CorruptCheckTime    time.Duration
+	InitialCorruptCheck     bool
+	CorruptCheckTime        time.Duration
+	CompactHashCheckEnabled bool
+	CompactHashCheckTime    time.Duration

 	// PreVote is true to enable Raft Pre-Vote.
 	PreVote bool
--- a/server/embed/config.go
+++ b/server/embed/config.go
@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package embed
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
+	"math"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ const (
 	DefaultMaxTxnOps             = uint(128)
 	DefaultWarningApplyDuration  = 100 * time.Millisecond
 	DefaultMaxRequestBytes       = 1.5 * 1024 * 1024
+	DefaultMaxConcurrentStreams  = math.MaxUint32
 	DefaultGRPCKeepAliveMinTime  = 5 * time.Second
 	DefaultGRPCKeepAliveInterval = 2 * time.Hour
 	DefaultGRPCKeepAliveTimeout  = 20 * time.Second
@ -198,6 +200,10 @@ type Config struct {
 	MaxTxnOps           uint   `json:"max-txn-ops"`
 	MaxRequestBytes     uint   `json:"max-request-bytes"`

+	// MaxConcurrentStreams specifies the maximum number of concurrent
+	// streams that each client can open at a time.
+	MaxConcurrentStreams uint32 `json:"max-concurrent-streams"`
+
 	LPUrls, LCUrls []url.URL
 	APUrls, ACUrls []url.URL
 	ClientTLSInfo  transport.TLSInfo
@ -305,11 +311,13 @@ type Config struct {
 	AuthToken  string `json:"auth-token"`
 	BcryptCost uint   `json:"bcrypt-cost"`

-	//The AuthTokenTTL in seconds of the simple token
+	// AuthTokenTTL specifies the TTL in seconds of the simple token
 	AuthTokenTTL uint `json:"auth-token-ttl"`

-	ExperimentalInitialCorruptCheck bool          `json:"experimental-initial-corrupt-check"`
-	ExperimentalCorruptCheckTime    time.Duration `json:"experimental-corrupt-check-time"`
+	ExperimentalInitialCorruptCheck     bool          `json:"experimental-initial-corrupt-check"`
+	ExperimentalCorruptCheckTime        time.Duration `json:"experimental-corrupt-check-time"`
+	ExperimentalCompactHashCheckEnabled bool          `json:"experimental-compact-hash-check-enabled"`
+	ExperimentalCompactHashCheckTime    time.Duration `json:"experimental-compact-hash-check-time"`
 	// ExperimentalEnableV2V3 configures URLs that expose deprecated V2 API working on V3 store.
 	// Deprecated in v3.5.
 	// TODO: Delete in v3.6 (https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/issues/12913)
@ -448,6 +456,7 @@ func NewConfig() *Config {

 		MaxTxnOps:                        DefaultMaxTxnOps,
 		MaxRequestBytes:                  DefaultMaxRequestBytes,
+		MaxConcurrentStreams:             DefaultMaxConcurrentStreams,
 		ExperimentalWarningApplyDuration: DefaultWarningApplyDuration,

 		GRPCKeepAliveMinTime:  DefaultGRPCKeepAliveMinTime,
@ -494,6 +503,9 @@ func NewConfig() *Config {
 		ExperimentalMemoryMlock:                  false,
 		ExperimentalTxnModeWriteWithSharedBuffer: true,

+		ExperimentalCompactHashCheckEnabled: false,
+		ExperimentalCompactHashCheckTime:    time.Minute,
+
 		V2Deprecation: config.V2_DEPR_DEFAULT,
 	}
 	cfg.InitialCluster = cfg.InitialClusterFromName(cfg.Name)
@ -691,6 +703,10 @@ func (cfg *Config) Validate() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("setting experimental-enable-lease-checkpoint-persist requires experimental-enable-lease-checkpoint")
 	}

+	if cfg.ExperimentalCompactHashCheckTime <= 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("--experimental-compact-hash-check-time must be >0 (set to %v)", cfg.ExperimentalCompactHashCheckTime)
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }

--- a/server/embed/config_tracing.go
+++ b/server/embed/config_tracing.go
@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The etcd Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package embed
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/propagation"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
+	tracesdk "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
+	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.4.0"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+func setupTracingExporter(ctx context.Context, cfg *Config) (exporter tracesdk.SpanExporter, options []otelgrpc.Option, err error) {
+	exporter, err = otlptracegrpc.New(ctx,
+		otlptracegrpc.WithInsecure(),
+		otlptracegrpc.WithEndpoint(cfg.ExperimentalDistributedTracingAddress),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	res, err := resource.New(ctx,
+		resource.WithAttributes(
+			semconv.ServiceNameKey.String(cfg.ExperimentalDistributedTracingServiceName),
+		),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	if resWithIDKey := determineResourceWithIDKey(cfg.ExperimentalDistributedTracingServiceInstanceID); resWithIDKey != nil {
+		// Merge resources into a new
+		// resource in case of duplicates.
+		res, err = resource.Merge(res, resWithIDKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	options = append(options,
+		otelgrpc.WithPropagators(
+			propagation.NewCompositeTextMapPropagator(
+				propagation.TraceContext{},
+				propagation.Baggage{},
+			),
+		),
+		otelgrpc.WithTracerProvider(
+			tracesdk.NewTracerProvider(
+				tracesdk.WithBatcher(exporter),
+				tracesdk.WithResource(res),
+				tracesdk.WithSampler(tracesdk.ParentBased(tracesdk.NeverSample())),
+			),
+		),
+	)
+
+	cfg.logger.Debug(
+		"distributed tracing enabled",
+		zap.String("address", cfg.ExperimentalDistributedTracingAddress),
+		zap.String("service-name", cfg.ExperimentalDistributedTracingServiceName),
+		zap.String("service-instance-id", cfg.ExperimentalDistributedTracingServiceInstanceID),
+	)
+
+	return exporter, options, err
+}
+
+// As Tracing service Instance ID must be unique, it should
+// never use the empty default string value, it's set if
+// if it's a non empty string.
+func determineResourceWithIDKey(serviceInstanceID string) *resource.Resource {
+	if serviceInstanceID != "" {
+		return resource.NewSchemaless(
+			(semconv.ServiceInstanceIDKey.String(serviceInstanceID)),
+		)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/server/embed/etcd.go
+++ b/server/embed/etcd.go
@ -46,13 +46,6 @@ import (

 	grpc_prometheus "github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus"
 	"github.com/soheilhy/cmux"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpgrpc"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/propagation"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
-	tracesdk "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
@ -199,6 +192,7 @@ func StartEtcd(inCfg *Config) (e *Etcd, err error) {
 		BackendBatchInterval:                     cfg.BackendBatchInterval,
 		MaxTxnOps:                                cfg.MaxTxnOps,
 		MaxRequestBytes:                          cfg.MaxRequestBytes,
+		MaxConcurrentStreams:                     cfg.MaxConcurrentStreams,
 		SocketOpts:                               cfg.SocketOpts,
 		StrictReconfigCheck:                      cfg.StrictReconfigCheck,
 		ClientCertAuthEnabled:                    cfg.ClientTLSInfo.ClientCertAuth,
@ -209,6 +203,8 @@ func StartEtcd(inCfg *Config) (e *Etcd, err error) {
 		HostWhitelist:                            cfg.HostWhitelist,
 		InitialCorruptCheck:                      cfg.ExperimentalInitialCorruptCheck,
 		CorruptCheckTime:                         cfg.ExperimentalCorruptCheckTime,
+		CompactHashCheckEnabled:                  cfg.ExperimentalCompactHashCheckEnabled,
+		CompactHashCheckTime:                     cfg.ExperimentalCompactHashCheckTime,
 		PreVote:                                  cfg.PreVote,
 		Logger:                                   cfg.logger,
 		ForceNewCluster:                          cfg.ForceNewCluster,
@ -229,7 +225,7 @@ func StartEtcd(inCfg *Config) (e *Etcd, err error) {

 	if srvcfg.ExperimentalEnableDistributedTracing {
 		tctx := context.Background()
-		tracingExporter, opts, err := e.setupTracing(tctx)
+		tracingExporter, opts, err := setupTracingExporter(tctx, cfg)
 		if err != nil {
 			return e, err
 		}
@ -238,6 +234,8 @@ func StartEtcd(inCfg *Config) (e *Etcd, err error) {
 		}
 		e.tracingExporterShutdown = func() { tracingExporter.Shutdown(tctx) }
 		srvcfg.ExperimentalTracerOptions = opts
+
+		e.cfg.logger.Info("distributed tracing setup enabled")
 	}

 	print(e.cfg.logger, *cfg, srvcfg, memberInitialized)
@ -251,8 +249,8 @@ func StartEtcd(inCfg *Config) (e *Etcd, err error) {

 	// newly started member ("memberInitialized==false")
 	// does not need corruption check
-	if memberInitialized {
-		if err = e.Server.CheckInitialHashKV(); err != nil {
+	if memberInitialized && srvcfg.InitialCorruptCheck {
+		if err = e.Server.CorruptionChecker().InitialCheck(); err != nil {
 			// set "EtcdServer" to nil, so that it does not block on "EtcdServer.Close()"
 			// (nothing to close since rafthttp transports have not been started)

@ -336,10 +334,15 @@ func print(lg *zap.Logger, ec Config, sc config.ServerConfig, memberInitialized
 		zap.String("initial-cluster", sc.InitialPeerURLsMap.String()),
 		zap.String("initial-cluster-state", ec.ClusterState),
 		zap.String("initial-cluster-token", sc.InitialClusterToken),
-		zap.Int64("quota-size-bytes", quota),
+		zap.Int64("quota-backend-bytes", quota),
+		zap.Uint("max-request-bytes", sc.MaxRequestBytes),
+		zap.Uint32("max-concurrent-streams", sc.MaxConcurrentStreams),
+
 		zap.Bool("pre-vote", sc.PreVote),
 		zap.Bool("initial-corrupt-check", sc.InitialCorruptCheck),
 		zap.String("corrupt-check-time-interval", sc.CorruptCheckTime.String()),
+		zap.Bool("compact-check-time-enabled", sc.CompactHashCheckEnabled),
+		zap.Duration("compact-check-time-interval", sc.CompactHashCheckTime),
 		zap.String("auto-compaction-mode", sc.AutoCompactionMode),
 		zap.Duration("auto-compaction-retention", sc.AutoCompactionRetention),
 		zap.String("auto-compaction-interval", sc.AutoCompactionRetention.String()),
@ -651,12 +654,6 @@ func configureClientListeners(cfg *Config) (sctxs map[string]*serveCtx, err erro
 			sctx.l = transport.LimitListener(sctx.l, int(fdLimit-reservedInternalFDNum))
 		}

-		if network == "tcp" {
-			if sctx.l, err = transport.NewKeepAliveListener(sctx.l, network, nil); err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-		}
-
 		defer func(u url.URL) {
 			if err == nil {
 				return
@ -809,52 +806,3 @@ func parseCompactionRetention(mode, retention string) (ret time.Duration, err er
 	}
 	return ret, nil
 }
-
-func (e *Etcd) setupTracing(ctx context.Context) (exporter tracesdk.SpanExporter, options []otelgrpc.Option, err error) {
-	exporter, err = otlp.NewExporter(ctx,
-		otlpgrpc.NewDriver(
-			otlpgrpc.WithEndpoint(e.cfg.ExperimentalDistributedTracingAddress),
-			otlpgrpc.WithInsecure(),
-		))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-	res := resource.NewWithAttributes(
-		semconv.ServiceNameKey.String(e.cfg.ExperimentalDistributedTracingServiceName),
-	)
-	// As Tracing service Instance ID must be unique, it should
-	// never use the empty default string value, so we only set it
-	// if it's a non empty string.
-	if e.cfg.ExperimentalDistributedTracingServiceInstanceID != "" {
-		resWithIDKey := resource.NewWithAttributes(
-			(semconv.ServiceInstanceIDKey.String(e.cfg.ExperimentalDistributedTracingServiceInstanceID)),
-		)
-		// Merge resources to combine into a new
-		// resource in case of duplicates.
-		res = resource.Merge(res, resWithIDKey)
-	}
-
-	options = append(options,
-		otelgrpc.WithPropagators(
-			propagation.NewCompositeTextMapPropagator(
-				propagation.TraceContext{},
-				propagation.Baggage{},
-			),
-		),
-		otelgrpc.WithTracerProvider(
-			tracesdk.NewTracerProvider(
-				tracesdk.WithBatcher(exporter),
-				tracesdk.WithResource(res),
-			),
-		),
-	)
-
-	e.cfg.logger.Info(
-		"distributed tracing enabled",
-		zap.String("distributed-tracing-address", e.cfg.ExperimentalDistributedTracingAddress),
-		zap.String("distributed-tracing-service-name", e.cfg.ExperimentalDistributedTracingServiceName),
-		zap.String("distributed-tracing-service-instance-id", e.cfg.ExperimentalDistributedTracingServiceInstanceID),
-	)
-
-	return exporter, options, err
-}
--- a/server/embed/serve.go
+++ b/server/embed/serve.go
@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import (
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3/credentials"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/debugutil"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/httputil"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/config"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/etcdserver"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/etcdserver/api/v3client"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/etcdserver/api/v3election"
@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/soheilhy/cmux"
 	"github.com/tmc/grpc-websocket-proxy/wsproxy"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
 	"golang.org/x/net/trace"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 )
@ -133,6 +135,10 @@ func (sctx *serveCtx) serve(
 			Handler:  createAccessController(sctx.lg, s, httpmux),
 			ErrorLog: logger, // do not log user error
 		}
+		if err := configureHttpServer(srvhttp, s.Cfg); err != nil {
+			sctx.lg.Error("Configure http server failed", zap.Error(err))
+			return err
+		}
 		httpl := m.Match(cmux.HTTP1())
 		go func() { errHandler(srvhttp.Serve(httpl)) }()

@ -182,6 +188,10 @@ func (sctx *serveCtx) serve(
 			TLSConfig: tlscfg,
 			ErrorLog:  logger, // do not log user error
 		}
+		if err := configureHttpServer(srv, s.Cfg); err != nil {
+			sctx.lg.Error("Configure https server failed", zap.Error(err))
+			return err
+		}
 		go func() { errHandler(srv.Serve(tlsl)) }()

 		sctx.serversC <- &servers{secure: true, grpc: gs, http: srv}
@ -195,6 +205,13 @@ func (sctx *serveCtx) serve(
 	return m.Serve()
 }

+func configureHttpServer(srv *http.Server, cfg config.ServerConfig) error {
+	// todo (ahrtr): should we support configuring other parameters in the future as well?
+	return http2.ConfigureServer(srv, &http2.Server{
+		MaxConcurrentStreams: cfg.MaxConcurrentStreams,
+	})
+}
+
 // grpcHandlerFunc returns an http.Handler that delegates to grpcServer on incoming gRPC
 // connections or otherHandler otherwise. Given in gRPC docs.
 func grpcHandlerFunc(grpcServer *grpc.Server, otherHandler http.Handler) http.Handler {
--- a/server/etcdmain/config.go
+++ b/server/etcdmain/config.go
@ -171,6 +171,8 @@ func newConfig() *config {
 	fs.BoolVar(&cfg.ec.SocketOpts.ReusePort, "socket-reuse-port", cfg.ec.SocketOpts.ReusePort, "Enable to set socket option SO_REUSEPORT on listeners allowing rebinding of a port already in use.")
 	fs.BoolVar(&cfg.ec.SocketOpts.ReuseAddress, "socket-reuse-address", cfg.ec.SocketOpts.ReuseAddress, "Enable to set socket option SO_REUSEADDR on listeners allowing binding to an address in `TIME_WAIT` state.")

+	fs.Var(flags.NewUint32Value(cfg.ec.MaxConcurrentStreams), "max-concurrent-streams", "Maximum concurrent streams that each client can open at a time.")
+
 	// raft connection timeouts
 	fs.DurationVar(&rafthttp.ConnReadTimeout, "raft-read-timeout", rafthttp.DefaultConnReadTimeout, "Read timeout set on each rafthttp connection")
 	fs.DurationVar(&rafthttp.ConnWriteTimeout, "raft-write-timeout", rafthttp.DefaultConnWriteTimeout, "Write timeout set on each rafthttp connection")
@ -279,6 +281,8 @@ func newConfig() *config {
 	// experimental
 	fs.BoolVar(&cfg.ec.ExperimentalInitialCorruptCheck, "experimental-initial-corrupt-check", cfg.ec.ExperimentalInitialCorruptCheck, "Enable to check data corruption before serving any client/peer traffic.")
 	fs.DurationVar(&cfg.ec.ExperimentalCorruptCheckTime, "experimental-corrupt-check-time", cfg.ec.ExperimentalCorruptCheckTime, "Duration of time between cluster corruption check passes.")
+	fs.BoolVar(&cfg.ec.ExperimentalCompactHashCheckEnabled, "experimental-compact-hash-check-enabled", cfg.ec.ExperimentalCompactHashCheckEnabled, "Enable leader to periodically check followers compaction hashes.")
+	fs.DurationVar(&cfg.ec.ExperimentalCompactHashCheckTime, "experimental-compact-hash-check-time", cfg.ec.ExperimentalCompactHashCheckTime, "Duration of time between leader checks followers compaction hashes.")

 	fs.BoolVar(&cfg.ec.ExperimentalEnableLeaseCheckpoint, "experimental-enable-lease-checkpoint", false, "Enable leader to send regular checkpoints to other members to prevent reset of remaining TTL on leader change.")
 	// TODO: delete in v3.7
@ -355,11 +359,10 @@ func (cfg *config) parse(arguments []string) error {

 func (cfg *config) configFromCmdLine() error {
 	// user-specified logger is not setup yet, use this logger during flag parsing
-	lg, err := zap.NewProduction()
+	lg, err := logutil.CreateDefaultZapLogger(zap.InfoLevel)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
 	verKey := "ETCD_VERSION"
 	if verVal := os.Getenv(verKey); verVal != "" {
 		// unset to avoid any possible side-effect.
@ -397,6 +400,8 @@ func (cfg *config) configFromCmdLine() error {

 	cfg.ec.CipherSuites = flags.StringsFromFlag(cfg.cf.flagSet, "cipher-suites")

+	cfg.ec.MaxConcurrentStreams = flags.Uint32FromFlag(cfg.cf.flagSet, "max-concurrent-streams")
+
 	cfg.ec.LogOutputs = flags.UniqueStringsFromFlag(cfg.cf.flagSet, "log-outputs")

 	cfg.ec.ClusterState = cfg.cf.clusterState.String()
--- a/server/etcdmain/etcd.go
+++ b/server/etcdmain/etcd.go
@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/fileutil"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/logutil"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/transport"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/types"
 	pkgioutil "go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/ioutil"
@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ func startEtcdOrProxyV2(args []string) {
 	if lg == nil {
 		var zapError error
 		// use this logger
-		lg, zapError = zap.NewProduction()
+		lg, zapError = logutil.CreateDefaultZapLogger(zap.InfoLevel)
 		if zapError != nil {
 			fmt.Printf("error creating zap logger %v", zapError)
 			os.Exit(1)
@ -463,6 +464,10 @@ func identifyDataDirOrDie(lg *zap.Logger, dir string) dirType {
 }

 func checkSupportArch() {
+	lg, err := logutil.CreateDefaultZapLogger(zap.InfoLevel)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
 	// to add a new platform, check https://github.com/etcd-io/website/blob/main/content/en/docs/next/op-guide/supported-platform.md
 	if runtime.GOARCH == "amd64" ||
 		runtime.GOARCH == "arm64" ||
@ -474,10 +479,10 @@ func checkSupportArch() {
 	// so unset here to not parse through flag
 	defer os.Unsetenv("ETCD_UNSUPPORTED_ARCH")
 	if env, ok := os.LookupEnv("ETCD_UNSUPPORTED_ARCH"); ok && env == runtime.GOARCH {
-		fmt.Printf("running etcd on unsupported architecture %q since ETCD_UNSUPPORTED_ARCH is set\n", env)
+		lg.Info("running etcd on unsupported architecture since ETCD_UNSUPPORTED_ARCH is set", zap.String("arch", env))
 		return
 	}

-	fmt.Printf("etcd on unsupported platform without ETCD_UNSUPPORTED_ARCH=%s set\n", runtime.GOARCH)
+	lg.Error("running etcd on unsupported architecture since ETCD_UNSUPPORTED_ARCH is set", zap.String("arch", runtime.GOARCH))
 	os.Exit(1)
 }
--- a/server/etcdmain/gateway.go
+++ b/server/etcdmain/gateway.go
@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"time"

+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/logutil"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/proxy/tcpproxy"

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@ -92,8 +93,7 @@ func stripSchema(eps []string) []string {
 }

 func startGateway(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-	var lg *zap.Logger
-	lg, err := zap.NewProduction()
+	lg, err := logutil.CreateDefaultZapLogger(zap.InfoLevel)
 	if err != nil {
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
 		os.Exit(1)
--- a/server/etcdmain/grpc_proxy.go
+++ b/server/etcdmain/grpc_proxy.go
@ -47,21 +47,23 @@ import (
 	"github.com/soheilhy/cmux"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/grpclog"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
 )

 var (
-	grpcProxyListenAddr            string
-	grpcProxyMetricsListenAddr     string
-	grpcProxyEndpoints             []string
-	grpcProxyDNSCluster            string
-	grpcProxyDNSClusterServiceName string
-	grpcProxyInsecureDiscovery     bool
-	grpcProxyDataDir               string
-	grpcMaxCallSendMsgSize         int
-	grpcMaxCallRecvMsgSize         int
+	grpcProxyListenAddr                string
+	grpcProxyMetricsListenAddr         string
+	grpcProxyEndpoints                 []string
+	grpcProxyEndpointsAutoSyncInterval time.Duration
+	grpcProxyDNSCluster                string
+	grpcProxyDNSClusterServiceName     string
+	grpcProxyInsecureDiscovery         bool
+	grpcProxyDataDir                   string
+	grpcMaxCallSendMsgSize             int
+	grpcMaxCallRecvMsgSize             int

 	// tls for connecting to etcd

@ -95,6 +97,8 @@ var (
 	grpcKeepAliveMinTime  time.Duration
 	grpcKeepAliveTimeout  time.Duration
 	grpcKeepAliveInterval time.Duration
+
+	maxConcurrentStreams uint32
 )

 const defaultGRPCMaxCallSendMsgSize = 1.5 * 1024 * 1024
@ -127,6 +131,7 @@ func newGRPCProxyStartCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&grpcProxyMetricsListenAddr, "metrics-addr", "", "listen for endpoint /metrics requests on an additional interface")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&grpcProxyInsecureDiscovery, "insecure-discovery", false, "accept insecure SRV records")
 	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVar(&grpcProxyEndpoints, "endpoints", []string{"127.0.0.1:2379"}, "comma separated etcd cluster endpoints")
+	cmd.Flags().DurationVar(&grpcProxyEndpointsAutoSyncInterval, "endpoints-auto-sync-interval", 0, "etcd endpoints auto sync interval (disabled by default)")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&grpcProxyAdvertiseClientURL, "advertise-client-url", "127.0.0.1:23790", "advertise address to register (must be reachable by client)")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&grpcProxyResolverPrefix, "resolver-prefix", "", "prefix to use for registering proxy (must be shared with other grpc-proxy members)")
 	cmd.Flags().IntVar(&grpcProxyResolverTTL, "resolver-ttl", 0, "specify TTL, in seconds, when registering proxy endpoints")
@ -159,21 +164,21 @@ func newGRPCProxyStartCommand() *cobra.Command {

 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&grpcProxyDebug, "debug", false, "Enable debug-level logging for grpc-proxy.")

+	cmd.Flags().Uint32Var(&maxConcurrentStreams, "max-concurrent-streams", math.MaxUint32, "Maximum concurrent streams that each client can open at a time.")
+
 	return &cmd
 }

 func startGRPCProxy(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	checkArgs()
-
-	lcfg := logutil.DefaultZapLoggerConfig
+	lvl := zap.InfoLevel
 	if grpcProxyDebug {
-		lcfg.Level = zap.NewAtomicLevelAt(zap.DebugLevel)
+		lvl = zap.DebugLevel
 		grpc.EnableTracing = true
 	}
-
-	lg, err := lcfg.Build()
+	lg, err := logutil.CreateDefaultZapLogger(lvl)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
+		panic(err)
 	}
 	defer lg.Sync()

@ -214,6 +219,13 @@ func startGRPCProxy(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	httpClient := mustNewHTTPClient(lg)

 	srvhttp, httpl := mustHTTPListener(lg, m, tlsinfo, client, proxyClient)
+
+	if err := http2.ConfigureServer(srvhttp, &http2.Server{
+		MaxConcurrentStreams: maxConcurrentStreams,
+	}); err != nil {
+		lg.Fatal("Failed to configure the http server", zap.Error(err))
+	}
+
 	errc := make(chan error, 3)
 	go func() { errc <- newGRPCProxyServer(lg, client).Serve(grpcl) }()
 	go func() { errc <- srvhttp.Serve(httpl) }()
@ -323,8 +335,9 @@ func newProxyClientCfg(lg *zap.Logger, eps []string, tls *transport.TLSInfo) (*c
 func newClientCfg(lg *zap.Logger, eps []string) (*clientv3.Config, error) {
 	// set tls if any one tls option set
 	cfg := clientv3.Config{
-		Endpoints:   eps,
-		DialTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
+		Endpoints:        eps,
+		AutoSyncInterval: grpcProxyEndpointsAutoSyncInterval,
+		DialTimeout:      5 * time.Second,
 	}

 	if grpcMaxCallSendMsgSize > 0 {
--- a/server/etcdmain/help.go
+++ b/server/etcdmain/help.go
@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ Member:
    Maximum number of operations permitted in a transaction.
  --max-request-bytes '1572864'
    Maximum client request size in bytes the server will accept.
+  --max-concurrent-streams 'math.MaxUint32'
+    Maximum concurrent streams that each client can open at a time.
  --grpc-keepalive-min-time '5s'
    Minimum duration interval that a client should wait before pinging server.
  --grpc-keepalive-interval '2h'
--- a/server/etcdmain/main.go
+++ b/server/etcdmain/main.go
@ -41,9 +41,6 @@ func Main(args []string) {
 }

 func notifySystemd(lg *zap.Logger) {
-	if lg == nil {
-		lg = zap.NewExample()
-	}
 	lg.Info("notifying init daemon")
 	_, err := daemon.SdNotify(false, daemon.SdNotifyReady)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/server/etcdserver/api/etcdhttp/metrics.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/api/etcdhttp/metrics.go
@ -40,14 +40,16 @@ const (
 // HandleMetricsHealth registers metrics and health handlers.
 func HandleMetricsHealth(lg *zap.Logger, mux *http.ServeMux, srv etcdserver.ServerV2) {
 	mux.Handle(PathMetrics, promhttp.Handler())
-	mux.Handle(PathHealth, NewHealthHandler(lg, func(excludedAlarms AlarmSet) Health { return checkV2Health(lg, srv, excludedAlarms) }))
+	mux.Handle(PathHealth, NewHealthHandler(lg, func(excludedAlarms AlarmSet, serializable bool) Health { return checkV2Health(lg, srv, excludedAlarms) }))
 }

 // HandleMetricsHealthForV3 registers metrics and health handlers. it checks health by using v3 range request
 // and its corresponding timeout.
 func HandleMetricsHealthForV3(lg *zap.Logger, mux *http.ServeMux, srv *etcdserver.EtcdServer) {
 	mux.Handle(PathMetrics, promhttp.Handler())
-	mux.Handle(PathHealth, NewHealthHandler(lg, func(excludedAlarms AlarmSet) Health { return checkV3Health(lg, srv, excludedAlarms) }))
+	mux.Handle(PathHealth, NewHealthHandler(lg, func(excludedAlarms AlarmSet, serializable bool) Health {
+		return checkV3Health(lg, srv, excludedAlarms, serializable)
+	}))
 }

 // HandlePrometheus registers prometheus handler on '/metrics'.
@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ func HandlePrometheus(mux *http.ServeMux) {
 }

 // NewHealthHandler handles '/health' requests.
-func NewHealthHandler(lg *zap.Logger, hfunc func(excludedAlarms AlarmSet) Health) http.HandlerFunc {
+func NewHealthHandler(lg *zap.Logger, hfunc func(excludedAlarms AlarmSet, serializable bool) Health) http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if r.Method != http.MethodGet {
 			w.Header().Set("Allow", http.MethodGet)
@ -65,7 +67,12 @@ func NewHealthHandler(lg *zap.Logger, hfunc func(excludedAlarms AlarmSet) Health
 			return
 		}
 		excludedAlarms := getExcludedAlarms(r)
-		h := hfunc(excludedAlarms)
+		// Passing the query parameter "serializable=true" ensures that the
+		// health of the local etcd is checked vs the health of the cluster.
+		// This is useful for probes attempting to validate the liveness of
+		// the etcd process vs readiness of the cluster to serve requests.
+		serializableFlag := getSerializableFlag(r)
+		h := hfunc(excludedAlarms, serializableFlag)
 		defer func() {
 			if h.Health == "true" {
 				healthSuccess.Inc()
@ -128,9 +135,13 @@ func getExcludedAlarms(r *http.Request) (alarms AlarmSet) {
 	return alarms
 }

+func getSerializableFlag(r *http.Request) bool {
+	return r.URL.Query().Get("serializable") == "true"
+}
+
 // TODO: etcdserver.ErrNoLeader in health API

-func checkHealth(lg *zap.Logger, srv etcdserver.ServerV2, excludedAlarms AlarmSet) Health {
+func checkHealth(lg *zap.Logger, srv etcdserver.ServerV2, excludedAlarms AlarmSet, serializable bool) Health {
 	h := Health{}
 	h.Health = "true"
 	as := srv.Alarms()
@ -156,7 +167,7 @@ func checkHealth(lg *zap.Logger, srv etcdserver.ServerV2, excludedAlarms AlarmSe
 		}
 	}

-	if uint64(srv.Leader()) == raft.None {
+	if !serializable && uint64(srv.Leader()) == raft.None {
 		h.Health = "false"
 		h.Reason = "RAFT NO LEADER"
 		lg.Warn("serving /health false; no leader")
@ -166,7 +177,7 @@ func checkHealth(lg *zap.Logger, srv etcdserver.ServerV2, excludedAlarms AlarmSe
 }

 func checkV2Health(lg *zap.Logger, srv etcdserver.ServerV2, excludedAlarms AlarmSet) (h Health) {
-	if h = checkHealth(lg, srv, excludedAlarms); h.Health != "true" {
+	if h = checkHealth(lg, srv, excludedAlarms, false); h.Health != "true" {
 		return
 	}
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
@ -182,12 +193,12 @@ func checkV2Health(lg *zap.Logger, srv etcdserver.ServerV2, excludedAlarms Alarm
 	return
 }

-func checkV3Health(lg *zap.Logger, srv *etcdserver.EtcdServer, excludedAlarms AlarmSet) (h Health) {
-	if h = checkHealth(lg, srv, excludedAlarms); h.Health != "true" {
+func checkV3Health(lg *zap.Logger, srv *etcdserver.EtcdServer, excludedAlarms AlarmSet, serializable bool) (h Health) {
+	if h = checkHealth(lg, srv, excludedAlarms, serializable); h.Health != "true" {
 		return
 	}
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), srv.Cfg.ReqTimeout())
-	_, err := srv.Range(ctx, &etcdserverpb.RangeRequest{KeysOnly: true, Limit: 1})
+	_, err := srv.Range(ctx, &etcdserverpb.RangeRequest{KeysOnly: true, Limit: 1, Serializable: serializable})
 	cancel()
 	if err != nil && err != auth.ErrUserEmpty && err != auth.ErrPermissionDenied {
 		h.Health = "false"
--- a/server/etcdserver/api/membership/store.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/api/membership/store.go
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func unsafeSaveMemberToBackend(lg *zap.Logger, be backend.Backend, m *Member) er
 	}

 	tx := be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()
 	if unsafeMemberExists(tx, mkey) {
 		return errMemberAlreadyExist
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func unsafeSaveMemberToBackend(lg *zap.Logger, be backend.Backend, m *Member) er
 // from the v3 backend.
 func TrimClusterFromBackend(be backend.Backend) error {
 	tx := be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockOutsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()
 	tx.UnsafeDeleteBucket(buckets.Cluster)
 	return nil
@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func unsafeDeleteMemberFromBackend(be backend.Backend, id types.ID) error {
 	mkey := backendMemberKey(id)

 	tx := be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()
 	tx.UnsafePut(buckets.MembersRemoved, mkey, []byte("removed"))
 	if !unsafeMemberExists(tx, mkey) {
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ func mustReadMembersFromBackend(lg *zap.Logger, be backend.Backend) (map[types.I
 func TrimMembershipFromBackend(lg *zap.Logger, be backend.Backend) error {
 	lg.Info("Trimming membership information from the backend...")
 	tx := be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockOutsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()
 	err := tx.UnsafeForEach(buckets.Members, func(k, v []byte) error {
 		tx.UnsafeDelete(buckets.Members, k)
@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ func mustSaveClusterVersionToBackend(be backend.Backend, ver *semver.Version) {
 	ckey := backendClusterVersionKey()

 	tx := be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()
 	tx.UnsafePut(buckets.Cluster, ckey, []byte(ver.String()))
 }
@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ func mustSaveDowngradeToBackend(lg *zap.Logger, be backend.Backend, downgrade *D
 		lg.Panic("failed to marshal downgrade information", zap.Error(err))
 	}
 	tx := be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockInsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()
 	tx.UnsafePut(buckets.Cluster, dkey, dvalue)
 }
@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ func backendDowngradeKey() []byte {

 func mustCreateBackendBuckets(be backend.Backend) {
 	tx := be.BatchTx()
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockOutsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()
 	tx.UnsafeCreateBucket(buckets.Members)
 	tx.UnsafeCreateBucket(buckets.MembersRemoved)
--- a/server/etcdserver/api/v3alarm/alarms.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/api/v3alarm/alarms.go
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func (a *AlarmStore) Activate(id types.ID, at pb.AlarmType) *pb.AlarmMember {
 	}

 	b := a.bg.Backend()
-	b.BatchTx().Lock()
+	b.BatchTx().LockInsideApply()
 	b.BatchTx().UnsafePut(buckets.Alarm, v, nil)
 	b.BatchTx().Unlock()

@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func (a *AlarmStore) Deactivate(id types.ID, at pb.AlarmType) *pb.AlarmMember {
 	}

 	b := a.bg.Backend()
-	b.BatchTx().Lock()
+	b.BatchTx().LockInsideApply()
 	b.BatchTx().UnsafeDelete(buckets.Alarm, v)
 	b.BatchTx().Unlock()

@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ func (a *AlarmStore) restore() error {
 	b := a.bg.Backend()
 	tx := b.BatchTx()

-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockOutsideApply()
 	tx.UnsafeCreateBucket(buckets.Alarm)
 	err := tx.UnsafeForEach(buckets.Alarm, func(k, v []byte) error {
 		var m pb.AlarmMember
--- a/server/etcdserver/api/v3rpc/grpc.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/api/v3rpc/grpc.go
@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ import (

 const (
 	grpcOverheadBytes = 512 * 1024
-	maxStreams        = math.MaxUint32
 	maxSendBytes      = math.MaxInt32
 )

@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ func Server(s *etcdserver.EtcdServer, tls *tls.Config, interceptor grpc.UnarySer

 	opts = append(opts, grpc.MaxRecvMsgSize(int(s.Cfg.MaxRequestBytes+grpcOverheadBytes)))
 	opts = append(opts, grpc.MaxSendMsgSize(maxSendBytes))
-	opts = append(opts, grpc.MaxConcurrentStreams(maxStreams))
+	opts = append(opts, grpc.MaxConcurrentStreams(s.Cfg.MaxConcurrentStreams))

 	grpcServer := grpc.NewServer(append(opts, gopts...)...)

--- a/server/etcdserver/api/v3rpc/maintenance.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/api/v3rpc/maintenance.go
@ -66,19 +66,20 @@ type ClusterStatusGetter interface {
 }

 type maintenanceServer struct {
-	lg  *zap.Logger
-	rg  etcdserver.RaftStatusGetter
-	kg  KVGetter
-	bg  BackendGetter
-	a   Alarmer
-	lt  LeaderTransferrer
-	hdr header
-	cs  ClusterStatusGetter
-	d   Downgrader
+	lg     *zap.Logger
+	rg     etcdserver.RaftStatusGetter
+	hasher mvcc.HashStorage
+	kg     KVGetter
+	bg     BackendGetter
+	a      Alarmer
+	lt     LeaderTransferrer
+	hdr    header
+	cs     ClusterStatusGetter
+	d      Downgrader
 }

 func NewMaintenanceServer(s *etcdserver.EtcdServer) pb.MaintenanceServer {
-	srv := &maintenanceServer{lg: s.Cfg.Logger, rg: s, kg: s, bg: s, a: s, lt: s, hdr: newHeader(s), cs: s, d: s}
+	srv := &maintenanceServer{lg: s.Cfg.Logger, rg: s, hasher: s.KV().HashStorage(), kg: s, bg: s, a: s, lt: s, hdr: newHeader(s), cs: s, d: s}
 	if srv.lg == nil {
 		srv.lg = zap.NewNop()
 	}
@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ func (ms *maintenanceServer) Snapshot(sr *pb.SnapshotRequest, srv pb.Maintenance
 }

 func (ms *maintenanceServer) Hash(ctx context.Context, r *pb.HashRequest) (*pb.HashResponse, error) {
-	h, rev, err := ms.kg.KV().Hash()
+	h, rev, err := ms.hasher.Hash()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, togRPCError(err)
 	}
@ -190,12 +191,12 @@ func (ms *maintenanceServer) Hash(ctx context.Context, r *pb.HashRequest) (*pb.H
 }

 func (ms *maintenanceServer) HashKV(ctx context.Context, r *pb.HashKVRequest) (*pb.HashKVResponse, error) {
-	h, rev, compactRev, err := ms.kg.KV().HashByRev(r.Revision)
+	h, rev, err := ms.hasher.HashByRev(r.Revision)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, togRPCError(err)
 	}

-	resp := &pb.HashKVResponse{Header: &pb.ResponseHeader{Revision: rev}, Hash: h, CompactRevision: compactRev}
+	resp := &pb.HashKVResponse{Header: &pb.ResponseHeader{Revision: rev}, Hash: h.Hash, CompactRevision: h.CompactRevision}
 	ms.hdr.fill(resp.Header)
 	return resp, nil
 }
--- a/server/etcdserver/api/v3rpc/util.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/api/v3rpc/util.go
@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ var toGRPCErrorMap = map[error]error{
 	etcdserver.ErrTimeout:                    rpctypes.ErrGRPCTimeout,
 	etcdserver.ErrTimeoutDueToLeaderFail:     rpctypes.ErrGRPCTimeoutDueToLeaderFail,
 	etcdserver.ErrTimeoutDueToConnectionLost: rpctypes.ErrGRPCTimeoutDueToConnectionLost,
+	etcdserver.ErrTimeoutWaitAppliedIndex:    rpctypes.ErrGRPCTimeoutWaitAppliedIndex,
 	etcdserver.ErrUnhealthy:                  rpctypes.ErrGRPCUnhealthy,
 	etcdserver.ErrKeyNotFound:                rpctypes.ErrGRPCKeyNotFound,
 	etcdserver.ErrCorrupt:                    rpctypes.ErrGRPCCorrupt,
--- a/server/etcdserver/apply.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/apply.go
@ -428,6 +428,7 @@ func (a *applierV3backend) Range(ctx context.Context, txn mvcc.TxnRead, r *pb.Ra
 }

 func (a *applierV3backend) Txn(ctx context.Context, rt *pb.TxnRequest) (*pb.TxnResponse, *traceutil.Trace, error) {
+	lg := a.s.Logger()
 	trace := traceutil.Get(ctx)
 	if trace.IsEmpty() {
 		trace = traceutil.New("transaction", a.s.Logger())
@ -474,7 +475,18 @@ func (a *applierV3backend) Txn(ctx context.Context, rt *pb.TxnRequest) (*pb.TxnR
 		txn.End()
 		txn = a.s.KV().Write(trace)
 	}
-	a.applyTxn(ctx, txn, rt, txnPath, txnResp)
+	_, err := a.applyTxn(ctx, txn, rt, txnPath, txnResp)
+	if err != nil {
+		if isWrite {
+			// end txn to release locks before panic
+			txn.End()
+			// When txn with write operations starts it has to be successful
+			// We don't have a way to recover state in case of write failure
+			lg.Panic("unexpected error during txn with writes", zap.Error(err))
+		} else {
+			lg.Error("unexpected error during readonly txn", zap.Error(err))
+		}
+	}
 	rev := txn.Rev()
 	if len(txn.Changes()) != 0 {
 		rev++
@ -486,7 +498,7 @@ func (a *applierV3backend) Txn(ctx context.Context, rt *pb.TxnRequest) (*pb.TxnR
 		traceutil.Field{Key: "number_of_response", Value: len(txnResp.Responses)},
 		traceutil.Field{Key: "response_revision", Value: txnResp.Header.Revision},
 	)
-	return txnResp, trace, nil
+	return txnResp, trace, err
 }

 // newTxnResp allocates a txn response for a txn request given a path.
@ -617,14 +629,13 @@ func compareKV(c *pb.Compare, ckv mvccpb.KeyValue) bool {
 	return true
 }

-func (a *applierV3backend) applyTxn(ctx context.Context, txn mvcc.TxnWrite, rt *pb.TxnRequest, txnPath []bool, tresp *pb.TxnResponse) (txns int) {
+func (a *applierV3backend) applyTxn(ctx context.Context, txn mvcc.TxnWrite, rt *pb.TxnRequest, txnPath []bool, tresp *pb.TxnResponse) (txns int, err error) {
 	trace := traceutil.Get(ctx)
 	reqs := rt.Success
 	if !txnPath[0] {
 		reqs = rt.Failure
 	}

-	lg := a.s.Logger()
 	for i, req := range reqs {
 		respi := tresp.Responses[i].Response
 		switch tv := req.Request.(type) {
@ -635,7 +646,7 @@ func (a *applierV3backend) applyTxn(ctx context.Context, txn mvcc.TxnWrite, rt *
 				traceutil.Field{Key: "range_end", Value: string(tv.RequestRange.RangeEnd)})
 			resp, err := a.Range(ctx, txn, tv.RequestRange)
 			if err != nil {
-				lg.Panic("unexpected error during txn", zap.Error(err))
+				return 0, fmt.Errorf("applyTxn: failed Range: %w", err)
 			}
 			respi.(*pb.ResponseOp_ResponseRange).ResponseRange = resp
 			trace.StopSubTrace()
@ -646,26 +657,30 @@ func (a *applierV3backend) applyTxn(ctx context.Context, txn mvcc.TxnWrite, rt *
 				traceutil.Field{Key: "req_size", Value: tv.RequestPut.Size()})
 			resp, _, err := a.Put(ctx, txn, tv.RequestPut)
 			if err != nil {
-				lg.Panic("unexpected error during txn", zap.Error(err))
+				return 0, fmt.Errorf("applyTxn: failed Put: %w", err)
 			}
 			respi.(*pb.ResponseOp_ResponsePut).ResponsePut = resp
 			trace.StopSubTrace()
 		case *pb.RequestOp_RequestDeleteRange:
 			resp, err := a.DeleteRange(txn, tv.RequestDeleteRange)
 			if err != nil {
-				lg.Panic("unexpected error during txn", zap.Error(err))
+				return 0, fmt.Errorf("applyTxn: failed DeleteRange: %w", err)
 			}
 			respi.(*pb.ResponseOp_ResponseDeleteRange).ResponseDeleteRange = resp
 		case *pb.RequestOp_RequestTxn:
 			resp := respi.(*pb.ResponseOp_ResponseTxn).ResponseTxn
-			applyTxns := a.applyTxn(ctx, txn, tv.RequestTxn, txnPath[1:], resp)
+			applyTxns, err := a.applyTxn(ctx, txn, tv.RequestTxn, txnPath[1:], resp)
+			if err != nil {
+				// don't wrap the error. It's a recursive call and err should be already wrapped
+				return 0, err
+			}
 			txns += applyTxns + 1
 			txnPath = txnPath[applyTxns+1:]
 		default:
 			// empty union
 		}
 	}
-	return txns
+	return txns, nil
 }

 func (a *applierV3backend) Compaction(compaction *pb.CompactionRequest) (*pb.CompactionResponse, <-chan struct{}, *traceutil.Trace, error) {
--- a/server/etcdserver/apply_test.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/apply_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package etcdserver
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+
+	pb "go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/etcdserverpb"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/lease"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/mvcc"
+	betesting "go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/mvcc/backend/testing"
+)
+
+func TestReadonlyTxnError(t *testing.T) {
+	b, _ := betesting.NewDefaultTmpBackend(t)
+	defer betesting.Close(t, b)
+	s := mvcc.New(zap.NewExample(), b, &lease.FakeLessor{}, mvcc.StoreConfig{})
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	// setup minimal server to get access to applier
+	srv := &EtcdServer{lgMu: new(sync.RWMutex), lg: zap.NewExample(), r: *newRaftNode(raftNodeConfig{lg: zap.NewExample(), Node: newNodeRecorder()})}
+	srv.kv = s
+	srv.be = b
+
+	a := srv.newApplierV3Backend()
+
+	// setup cancelled context
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.TODO())
+	cancel()
+
+	// put some data to prevent early termination in rangeKeys
+	// we are expecting failure on cancelled context check
+	s.Put([]byte("foo"), []byte("bar"), lease.NoLease)
+
+	txn := &pb.TxnRequest{
+		Success: []*pb.RequestOp{
+			{
+				Request: &pb.RequestOp_RequestRange{
+					RequestRange: &pb.RangeRequest{
+						Key: []byte("foo"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	_, _, err := a.Txn(ctx, txn)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "applyTxn: failed Range: rangeKeys: context cancelled: context canceled") {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected context canceled error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteTxnPanic(t *testing.T) {
+	b, _ := betesting.NewDefaultTmpBackend(t)
+	defer betesting.Close(t, b)
+	s := mvcc.New(zap.NewExample(), b, &lease.FakeLessor{}, mvcc.StoreConfig{})
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	// setup minimal server to get access to applier
+	srv := &EtcdServer{lgMu: new(sync.RWMutex), lg: zap.NewExample(), r: *newRaftNode(raftNodeConfig{lg: zap.NewExample(), Node: newNodeRecorder()})}
+	srv.kv = s
+	srv.be = b
+
+	a := srv.newApplierV3Backend()
+
+	// setup cancelled context
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.TODO())
+	cancel()
+
+	// write txn that puts some data and then fails in range due to cancelled context
+	txn := &pb.TxnRequest{
+		Success: []*pb.RequestOp{
+			{
+				Request: &pb.RequestOp_RequestPut{
+					RequestPut: &pb.PutRequest{
+						Key:   []byte("foo"),
+						Value: []byte("bar"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Request: &pb.RequestOp_RequestRange{
+					RequestRange: &pb.RangeRequest{
+						Key: []byte("foo"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	assert.Panics(t, func() { a.Txn(ctx, txn) }, "Expected panic in Txn with writes")
+}
--- a/server/etcdserver/backend.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/backend.go
@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func openBackend(cfg config.ServerConfig, hooks backend.Hooks) backend.Backend {
 func recoverSnapshotBackend(cfg config.ServerConfig, oldbe backend.Backend, snapshot raftpb.Snapshot, beExist bool, hooks backend.Hooks) (backend.Backend, error) {
 	consistentIndex := uint64(0)
 	if beExist {
-		consistentIndex, _ = cindex.ReadConsistentIndex(oldbe.BatchTx())
+		consistentIndex, _ = cindex.ReadConsistentIndex(oldbe.ReadTx())
 	}
 	if snapshot.Metadata.Index <= consistentIndex {
 		return oldbe, nil
--- a/server/etcdserver/cindex/cindex.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/cindex/cindex.go
@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import (

 type Backend interface {
 	BatchTx() backend.BatchTx
+	ReadTx() backend.ReadTx
 }

 // ConsistentIndexer is an interface that wraps the Get/Set/Save method for consistentIndex.
@ -33,9 +34,18 @@ type ConsistentIndexer interface {
 	// ConsistentIndex returns the consistent index of current executing entry.
 	ConsistentIndex() uint64

+	// ConsistentApplyingIndex returns the consistent applying index of current executing entry.
+	ConsistentApplyingIndex() (uint64, uint64)
+
+	// UnsafeConsistentIndex is similar to ConsistentIndex, but it doesn't lock the transaction.
+	UnsafeConsistentIndex() uint64
+
 	// SetConsistentIndex set the consistent index of current executing entry.
 	SetConsistentIndex(v uint64, term uint64)

+	// SetConsistentApplyingIndex set the consistent applying index of current executing entry.
+	SetConsistentApplyingIndex(v uint64, term uint64)
+
 	// UnsafeSave must be called holding the lock on the tx.
 	// It saves consistentIndex to the underlying stable storage.
 	UnsafeSave(tx backend.BatchTx)
@ -55,6 +65,12 @@ type consistentIndex struct {
 	// The value is being persisted in the backend since v3.5.
 	term uint64

+	// applyingIndex and applyingTerm are just temporary cache of the raftpb.Entry.Index
+	// and raftpb.Entry.Term, and they are not ready to be persisted yet. They will be
+	// saved to consistentIndex and term above in the txPostLockInsideApplyHook.
+	applyingIndex uint64
+	applyingTerm  uint64
+
 	// be is used for initial read consistentIndex
 	be Backend
 	// mutex is protecting be.
@ -74,7 +90,17 @@ func (ci *consistentIndex) ConsistentIndex() uint64 {
 	ci.mutex.Lock()
 	defer ci.mutex.Unlock()

-	v, term := ReadConsistentIndex(ci.be.BatchTx())
+	v, term := ReadConsistentIndex(ci.be.ReadTx())
+	ci.SetConsistentIndex(v, term)
+	return v
+}
+
+func (ci *consistentIndex) UnsafeConsistentIndex() uint64 {
+	if index := atomic.LoadUint64(&ci.consistentIndex); index > 0 {
+		return index
+	}
+
+	v, term := unsafeReadConsistentIndex(ci.be.ReadTx())
 	ci.SetConsistentIndex(v, term)
 	return v
 }
@ -87,7 +113,7 @@ func (ci *consistentIndex) SetConsistentIndex(v uint64, term uint64) {
 func (ci *consistentIndex) UnsafeSave(tx backend.BatchTx) {
 	index := atomic.LoadUint64(&ci.consistentIndex)
 	term := atomic.LoadUint64(&ci.term)
-	UnsafeUpdateConsistentIndex(tx, index, term, true)
+	UnsafeUpdateConsistentIndex(tx, index, term)
 }

 func (ci *consistentIndex) SetBackend(be Backend) {
@ -98,6 +124,15 @@ func (ci *consistentIndex) SetBackend(be Backend) {
 	ci.SetConsistentIndex(0, 0)
 }

+func (ci *consistentIndex) ConsistentApplyingIndex() (uint64, uint64) {
+	return atomic.LoadUint64(&ci.applyingIndex), atomic.LoadUint64(&ci.applyingTerm)
+}
+
+func (ci *consistentIndex) SetConsistentApplyingIndex(v uint64, term uint64) {
+	atomic.StoreUint64(&ci.applyingIndex, v)
+	atomic.StoreUint64(&ci.applyingTerm, term)
+}
+
 func NewFakeConsistentIndex(index uint64) ConsistentIndexer {
 	return &fakeConsistentIndex{index: index}
 }
@ -107,12 +142,24 @@ type fakeConsistentIndex struct {
 	term  uint64
 }

-func (f *fakeConsistentIndex) ConsistentIndex() uint64 { return f.index }
+func (f *fakeConsistentIndex) ConsistentIndex() uint64 {
+	return atomic.LoadUint64(&f.index)
+}
+func (f *fakeConsistentIndex) ConsistentApplyingIndex() (uint64, uint64) {
+	return atomic.LoadUint64(&f.index), atomic.LoadUint64(&f.term)
+}
+func (f *fakeConsistentIndex) UnsafeConsistentIndex() uint64 {
+	return atomic.LoadUint64(&f.index)
+}

 func (f *fakeConsistentIndex) SetConsistentIndex(index uint64, term uint64) {
 	atomic.StoreUint64(&f.index, index)
 	atomic.StoreUint64(&f.term, term)
 }
+func (f *fakeConsistentIndex) SetConsistentApplyingIndex(index uint64, term uint64) {
+	atomic.StoreUint64(&f.index, index)
+	atomic.StoreUint64(&f.term, term)
+}

 func (f *fakeConsistentIndex) UnsafeSave(_ backend.BatchTx) {}
 func (f *fakeConsistentIndex) SetBackend(_ Backend)         {}
@ -124,7 +171,7 @@ func UnsafeCreateMetaBucket(tx backend.BatchTx) {

 // CreateMetaBucket creates the `meta` bucket (if it does not exists yet).
 func CreateMetaBucket(tx backend.BatchTx) {
-	tx.Lock()
+	tx.LockOutsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()
 	tx.UnsafeCreateBucket(buckets.Meta)
 }
@ -154,22 +201,12 @@ func ReadConsistentIndex(tx backend.ReadTx) (uint64, uint64) {
 	return unsafeReadConsistentIndex(tx)
 }

-func UnsafeUpdateConsistentIndex(tx backend.BatchTx, index uint64, term uint64, onlyGrow bool) {
+func UnsafeUpdateConsistentIndex(tx backend.BatchTx, index uint64, term uint64) {
 	if index == 0 {
 		// Never save 0 as it means that we didn't loaded the real index yet.
 		return
 	}

-	if onlyGrow {
-		oldi, oldTerm := unsafeReadConsistentIndex(tx)
-		if term < oldTerm {
-			return
-		}
-		if term == oldTerm && index <= oldi {
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
 	bs1 := make([]byte, 8)
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(bs1, index)
 	// put the index into the underlying backend
@ -182,8 +219,8 @@ func UnsafeUpdateConsistentIndex(tx backend.BatchTx, index uint64, term uint64,
 	}
 }

-func UpdateConsistentIndex(tx backend.BatchTx, index uint64, term uint64, onlyGrow bool) {
-	tx.Lock()
+func UpdateConsistentIndex(tx backend.BatchTx, index uint64, term uint64) {
+	tx.LockOutsideApply()
 	defer tx.Unlock()
-	UnsafeUpdateConsistentIndex(tx, index, term, onlyGrow)
+	UnsafeUpdateConsistentIndex(tx, index, term)
 }
--- a/server/etcdserver/cindex/cindex_test.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/cindex/cindex_test.go
@ -63,6 +63,58 @@ func TestConsistentIndex(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, r, index)
 }

+func TestConsistentIndexDecrease(t *testing.T) {
+	initIndex := uint64(100)
+	initTerm := uint64(10)
+
+	tcs := []struct {
+		name  string
+		index uint64
+		term  uint64
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "Decrease term",
+			index: initIndex + 1,
+			term:  initTerm - 1,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "Decrease CI",
+			index: initIndex - 1,
+			term:  initTerm + 1,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "Decrease CI and term",
+			index: initIndex - 1,
+			term:  initTerm - 1,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tcs {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			be, tmpPath := betesting.NewTmpBackend(t, time.Microsecond, 10)
+			tx := be.BatchTx()
+			tx.Lock()
+			UnsafeCreateMetaBucket(tx)
+			UnsafeUpdateConsistentIndex(tx, initIndex, initTerm)
+			tx.Unlock()
+			be.ForceCommit()
+			be.Close()
+
+			be = backend.NewDefaultBackend(tmpPath)
+			defer be.Close()
+			ci := NewConsistentIndex(be)
+			ci.SetConsistentIndex(tc.index, tc.term)
+			tx = be.BatchTx()
+			tx.Lock()
+			ci.UnsafeSave(tx)
+			tx.Unlock()
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.index, ci.ConsistentIndex())
+
+			ci = NewConsistentIndex(be)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.index, ci.ConsistentIndex())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestFakeConsistentIndex(t *testing.T) {

 	r := rand.Uint64()
--- a/server/etcdserver/corrupt.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/corrupt.go
@ -21,7 +21,9 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
+	"sort"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"

 	pb "go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/etcdserverpb"
@ -33,36 +35,83 @@ import (
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )

-// CheckInitialHashKV compares initial hash values with its peers
+type CorruptionChecker interface {
+	InitialCheck() error
+	PeriodicCheck() error
+	CompactHashCheck()
+}
+
+type corruptionChecker struct {
+	lg *zap.Logger
+
+	hasher Hasher
+
+	mux                   sync.RWMutex
+	latestRevisionChecked int64
+}
+
+type Hasher interface {
+	mvcc.HashStorage
+	ReqTimeout() time.Duration
+	MemberId() types.ID
+	PeerHashByRev(int64) []*peerHashKVResp
+	LinearizableReadNotify(context.Context) error
+	TriggerCorruptAlarm(types.ID)
+}
+
+func newCorruptionChecker(lg *zap.Logger, s *EtcdServer, storage mvcc.HashStorage) *corruptionChecker {
+	return &corruptionChecker{
+		lg:     lg,
+		hasher: hasherAdapter{s, storage},
+	}
+}
+
+type hasherAdapter struct {
+	*EtcdServer
+	mvcc.HashStorage
+}
+
+func (h hasherAdapter) MemberId() types.ID {
+	return h.EtcdServer.ID()
+}
+
+func (h hasherAdapter) ReqTimeout() time.Duration {
+	return h.EtcdServer.Cfg.ReqTimeout()
+}
+
+func (h hasherAdapter) PeerHashByRev(rev int64) []*peerHashKVResp {
+	return h.EtcdServer.getPeerHashKVs(rev)
+}
+
+func (h hasherAdapter) TriggerCorruptAlarm(memberID types.ID) {
+	h.EtcdServer.triggerCorruptAlarm(memberID)
+}
+
+// InitialCheck compares initial hash values with its peers
 // before serving any peer/client traffic. Only mismatch when hashes
 // are different at requested revision, with same compact revision.
-func (s *EtcdServer) CheckInitialHashKV() error {
-	if !s.Cfg.InitialCorruptCheck {
-		return nil
-	}
+func (cm *corruptionChecker) InitialCheck() error {

-	lg := s.Logger()
-
-	lg.Info(
+	cm.lg.Info(
 		"starting initial corruption check",
-		zap.String("local-member-id", s.ID().String()),
-		zap.Duration("timeout", s.Cfg.ReqTimeout()),
+		zap.String("local-member-id", cm.hasher.MemberId().String()),
+		zap.Duration("timeout", cm.hasher.ReqTimeout()),
 	)

-	h, rev, crev, err := s.kv.HashByRev(0)
+	h, rev, err := cm.hasher.HashByRev(0)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%s failed to fetch hash (%v)", s.ID(), err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s failed to fetch hash (%v)", cm.hasher.MemberId(), err)
 	}
-	peers := s.getPeerHashKVs(rev)
+	peers := cm.hasher.PeerHashByRev(rev)
 	mismatch := 0
 	for _, p := range peers {
 		if p.resp != nil {
 			peerID := types.ID(p.resp.Header.MemberId)
 			fields := []zap.Field{
-				zap.String("local-member-id", s.ID().String()),
+				zap.String("local-member-id", cm.hasher.MemberId().String()),
 				zap.Int64("local-member-revision", rev),
-				zap.Int64("local-member-compact-revision", crev),
-				zap.Uint32("local-member-hash", h),
+				zap.Int64("local-member-compact-revision", h.CompactRevision),
+				zap.Uint32("local-member-hash", h.Hash),
 				zap.String("remote-peer-id", peerID.String()),
 				zap.Strings("remote-peer-endpoints", p.eps),
 				zap.Int64("remote-peer-revision", p.resp.Header.Revision),
@ -70,12 +119,12 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) CheckInitialHashKV() error {
 				zap.Uint32("remote-peer-hash", p.resp.Hash),
 			}

-			if h != p.resp.Hash {
-				if crev == p.resp.CompactRevision {
-					lg.Warn("found different hash values from remote peer", fields...)
+			if h.Hash != p.resp.Hash {
+				if h.CompactRevision == p.resp.CompactRevision {
+					cm.lg.Warn("found different hash values from remote peer", fields...)
 					mismatch++
 				} else {
-					lg.Warn("found different compact revision values from remote peer", fields...)
+					cm.lg.Warn("found different compact revision values from remote peer", fields...)
 				}
 			}

@ -85,23 +134,23 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) CheckInitialHashKV() error {
 		if p.err != nil {
 			switch p.err {
 			case rpctypes.ErrFutureRev:
-				lg.Warn(
+				cm.lg.Warn(
 					"cannot fetch hash from slow remote peer",
-					zap.String("local-member-id", s.ID().String()),
+					zap.String("local-member-id", cm.hasher.MemberId().String()),
 					zap.Int64("local-member-revision", rev),
-					zap.Int64("local-member-compact-revision", crev),
-					zap.Uint32("local-member-hash", h),
+					zap.Int64("local-member-compact-revision", h.CompactRevision),
+					zap.Uint32("local-member-hash", h.Hash),
 					zap.String("remote-peer-id", p.id.String()),
 					zap.Strings("remote-peer-endpoints", p.eps),
 					zap.Error(err),
 				)
 			case rpctypes.ErrCompacted:
-				lg.Warn(
+				cm.lg.Warn(
 					"cannot fetch hash from remote peer; local member is behind",
-					zap.String("local-member-id", s.ID().String()),
+					zap.String("local-member-id", cm.hasher.MemberId().String()),
 					zap.Int64("local-member-revision", rev),
-					zap.Int64("local-member-compact-revision", crev),
-					zap.Uint32("local-member-hash", h),
+					zap.Int64("local-member-compact-revision", h.CompactRevision),
+					zap.Uint32("local-member-hash", h.Hash),
 					zap.String("remote-peer-id", p.id.String()),
 					zap.Strings("remote-peer-endpoints", p.eps),
 					zap.Error(err),
@ -110,92 +159,55 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) CheckInitialHashKV() error {
 		}
 	}
 	if mismatch > 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%s found data inconsistency with peers", s.ID())
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s found data inconsistency with peers", cm.hasher.MemberId())
 	}

-	lg.Info(
+	cm.lg.Info(
 		"initial corruption checking passed; no corruption",
-		zap.String("local-member-id", s.ID().String()),
+		zap.String("local-member-id", cm.hasher.MemberId().String()),
 	)
 	return nil
 }

-func (s *EtcdServer) monitorKVHash() {
-	t := s.Cfg.CorruptCheckTime
-	if t == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	lg := s.Logger()
-	lg.Info(
-		"enabled corruption checking",
-		zap.String("local-member-id", s.ID().String()),
-		zap.Duration("interval", t),
-	)
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-s.stopping:
-			return
-		case <-time.After(t):
-		}
-		if !s.isLeader() {
-			continue
-		}
-		if err := s.checkHashKV(); err != nil {
-			lg.Warn("failed to check hash KV", zap.Error(err))
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *EtcdServer) checkHashKV() error {
-	lg := s.Logger()
-
-	h, rev, crev, err := s.kv.HashByRev(0)
+func (cm *corruptionChecker) PeriodicCheck() error {
+	h, rev, err := cm.hasher.HashByRev(0)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	peers := s.getPeerHashKVs(rev)
+	peers := cm.hasher.PeerHashByRev(rev)

-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), s.Cfg.ReqTimeout())
-	err = s.linearizableReadNotify(ctx)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), cm.hasher.ReqTimeout())
+	err = cm.hasher.LinearizableReadNotify(ctx)
 	cancel()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

-	h2, rev2, crev2, err := s.kv.HashByRev(0)
+	h2, rev2, err := cm.hasher.HashByRev(0)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

 	alarmed := false
-	mismatch := func(id uint64) {
+	mismatch := func(id types.ID) {
 		if alarmed {
 			return
 		}
 		alarmed = true
-		a := &pb.AlarmRequest{
-			MemberID: id,
-			Action:   pb.AlarmRequest_ACTIVATE,
-			Alarm:    pb.AlarmType_CORRUPT,
-		}
-		s.GoAttach(func() {
-			s.raftRequest(s.ctx, pb.InternalRaftRequest{Alarm: a})
-		})
+		cm.hasher.TriggerCorruptAlarm(id)
 	}

-	if h2 != h && rev2 == rev && crev == crev2 {
-		lg.Warn(
+	if h2.Hash != h.Hash && rev2 == rev && h.CompactRevision == h2.CompactRevision {
+		cm.lg.Warn(
 			"found hash mismatch",
 			zap.Int64("revision-1", rev),
-			zap.Int64("compact-revision-1", crev),
-			zap.Uint32("hash-1", h),
+			zap.Int64("compact-revision-1", h.CompactRevision),
+			zap.Uint32("hash-1", h.Hash),
 			zap.Int64("revision-2", rev2),
-			zap.Int64("compact-revision-2", crev2),
-			zap.Uint32("hash-2", h2),
+			zap.Int64("compact-revision-2", h2.CompactRevision),
+			zap.Uint32("hash-2", h2.Hash),
 		)
-		mismatch(uint64(s.ID()))
+		mismatch(cm.hasher.MemberId())
 	}

 	checkedCount := 0
@ -204,47 +216,135 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) checkHashKV() error {
 			continue
 		}
 		checkedCount++
-		id := p.resp.Header.MemberId

 		// leader expects follower's latest revision less than or equal to leader's
 		if p.resp.Header.Revision > rev2 {
-			lg.Warn(
+			cm.lg.Warn(
 				"revision from follower must be less than or equal to leader's",
 				zap.Int64("leader-revision", rev2),
 				zap.Int64("follower-revision", p.resp.Header.Revision),
-				zap.String("follower-peer-id", types.ID(id).String()),
+				zap.String("follower-peer-id", p.id.String()),
 			)
-			mismatch(id)
+			mismatch(p.id)
 		}

 		// leader expects follower's latest compact revision less than or equal to leader's
-		if p.resp.CompactRevision > crev2 {
-			lg.Warn(
+		if p.resp.CompactRevision > h2.CompactRevision {
+			cm.lg.Warn(
 				"compact revision from follower must be less than or equal to leader's",
-				zap.Int64("leader-compact-revision", crev2),
+				zap.Int64("leader-compact-revision", h2.CompactRevision),
 				zap.Int64("follower-compact-revision", p.resp.CompactRevision),
-				zap.String("follower-peer-id", types.ID(id).String()),
+				zap.String("follower-peer-id", p.id.String()),
 			)
-			mismatch(id)
+			mismatch(p.id)
 		}

 		// follower's compact revision is leader's old one, then hashes must match
-		if p.resp.CompactRevision == crev && p.resp.Hash != h {
-			lg.Warn(
+		if p.resp.CompactRevision == h.CompactRevision && p.resp.Hash != h.Hash {
+			cm.lg.Warn(
 				"same compact revision then hashes must match",
-				zap.Int64("leader-compact-revision", crev2),
-				zap.Uint32("leader-hash", h),
+				zap.Int64("leader-compact-revision", h2.CompactRevision),
+				zap.Uint32("leader-hash", h.Hash),
 				zap.Int64("follower-compact-revision", p.resp.CompactRevision),
 				zap.Uint32("follower-hash", p.resp.Hash),
-				zap.String("follower-peer-id", types.ID(id).String()),
+				zap.String("follower-peer-id", p.id.String()),
 			)
-			mismatch(id)
+			mismatch(p.id)
 		}
 	}
-	lg.Info("finished peer corruption check", zap.Int("number-of-peers-checked", checkedCount))
+	cm.lg.Info("finished peer corruption check", zap.Int("number-of-peers-checked", checkedCount))
 	return nil
 }

+func (cm *corruptionChecker) CompactHashCheck() {
+	cm.lg.Info("starting compact hash check",
+		zap.String("local-member-id", cm.hasher.MemberId().String()),
+		zap.Duration("timeout", cm.hasher.ReqTimeout()),
+	)
+	hashes := cm.uncheckedRevisions()
+	// Assume that revisions are ordered from largest to smallest
+	for i, hash := range hashes {
+		peers := cm.hasher.PeerHashByRev(hash.Revision)
+		if len(peers) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		peersChecked := 0
+		for _, p := range peers {
+			if p.resp == nil || p.resp.CompactRevision != hash.CompactRevision {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// follower's compact revision is leader's old one, then hashes must match
+			if p.resp.Hash != hash.Hash {
+				cm.hasher.TriggerCorruptAlarm(p.id)
+				cm.lg.Error("failed compaction hash check",
+					zap.Int64("revision", hash.Revision),
+					zap.Int64("leader-compact-revision", hash.CompactRevision),
+					zap.Uint32("leader-hash", hash.Hash),
+					zap.Int64("follower-compact-revision", p.resp.CompactRevision),
+					zap.Uint32("follower-hash", p.resp.Hash),
+					zap.String("follower-peer-id", p.id.String()),
+				)
+				return
+			}
+			peersChecked++
+			cm.lg.Info("successfully checked hash on follower",
+				zap.Int64("revision", hash.Revision),
+				zap.String("peer-id", p.id.String()),
+			)
+		}
+		if len(peers) == peersChecked {
+			cm.lg.Info("successfully checked hash on whole cluster",
+				zap.Int("number-of-peers-checked", peersChecked),
+				zap.Int64("revision", hash.Revision),
+			)
+			cm.mux.Lock()
+			if hash.Revision > cm.latestRevisionChecked {
+				cm.latestRevisionChecked = hash.Revision
+			}
+			cm.mux.Unlock()
+			cm.lg.Info("finished compaction hash check", zap.Int("number-of-hashes-checked", i+1))
+			return
+		}
+		cm.lg.Warn("skipped revision in compaction hash check; was not able to check all peers",
+			zap.Int("number-of-peers-checked", peersChecked),
+			zap.Int("number-of-peers", len(peers)),
+			zap.Int64("revision", hash.Revision),
+		)
+	}
+	cm.lg.Info("finished compaction hash check", zap.Int("number-of-hashes-checked", len(hashes)))
+	return
+}
+
+func (cm *corruptionChecker) uncheckedRevisions() []mvcc.KeyValueHash {
+	cm.mux.RLock()
+	lastRevisionChecked := cm.latestRevisionChecked
+	cm.mux.RUnlock()
+
+	hashes := cm.hasher.Hashes()
+	// Sort in descending order
+	sort.Slice(hashes, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return hashes[i].Revision > hashes[j].Revision
+	})
+	for i, hash := range hashes {
+		if hash.Revision <= lastRevisionChecked {
+			return hashes[:i]
+		}
+	}
+	return hashes
+}
+
+func (s *EtcdServer) triggerCorruptAlarm(id types.ID) {
+	a := &pb.AlarmRequest{
+		MemberID: uint64(id),
+		Action:   pb.AlarmRequest_ACTIVATE,
+		Alarm:    pb.AlarmType_CORRUPT,
+	}
+	s.GoAttach(func() {
+		s.raftRequest(s.ctx, pb.InternalRaftRequest{Alarm: a})
+	})
+}
+
 type peerInfo struct {
 	id  types.ID
 	eps []string
@ -270,6 +370,7 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) getPeerHashKVs(rev int64) []*peerHashKVResp {

 	lg := s.Logger()

+	cc := &http.Client{Transport: s.peerRt}
 	var resps []*peerHashKVResp
 	for _, p := range peers {
 		if len(p.eps) == 0 {
@ -280,7 +381,7 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) getPeerHashKVs(rev int64) []*peerHashKVResp {
 		var lastErr error
 		for _, ep := range p.eps {
 			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), s.Cfg.ReqTimeout())
-			resp, lastErr := s.getPeerHashKVHTTP(ctx, ep, rev)
+			resp, lastErr := HashByRev(ctx, cc, ep, rev)
 			cancel()
 			if lastErr == nil {
 				resps = append(resps, &peerHashKVResp{peerInfo: p, resp: resp, err: nil})
@ -372,7 +473,7 @@ func (h *hashKVHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		http.Error(w, "error unmarshalling request", http.StatusBadRequest)
 		return
 	}
-	hash, rev, compactRev, err := h.server.KV().HashByRev(req.Revision)
+	hash, rev, err := h.server.KV().HashStorage().HashByRev(req.Revision)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.lg.Warn(
 			"failed to get hashKV",
@ -382,7 +483,7 @@ func (h *hashKVHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
 		return
 	}
-	resp := &pb.HashKVResponse{Header: &pb.ResponseHeader{Revision: rev}, Hash: hash, CompactRevision: compactRev}
+	resp := &pb.HashKVResponse{Header: &pb.ResponseHeader{Revision: rev}, Hash: hash.Hash, CompactRevision: hash.CompactRevision}
 	respBytes, err := json.Marshal(resp)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.lg.Warn("failed to marshal hashKV response", zap.Error(err))
@ -395,9 +496,8 @@ func (h *hashKVHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	w.Write(respBytes)
 }

-// getPeerHashKVHTTP fetch hash of kv store at the given rev via http call to the given url
-func (s *EtcdServer) getPeerHashKVHTTP(ctx context.Context, url string, rev int64) (*pb.HashKVResponse, error) {
-	cc := &http.Client{Transport: s.peerRt}
+// HashByRev fetch hash of kv store at the given rev via http call to the given url
+func HashByRev(ctx context.Context, cc *http.Client, url string, rev int64) (*pb.HashKVResponse, error) {
 	hashReq := &pb.HashKVRequest{Revision: rev}
 	hashReqBytes, err := json.Marshal(hashReq)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/server/etcdserver/corrupt_test.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/corrupt_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The etcd Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package etcdserver
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	pb "go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/etcdserverpb"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/v3rpc/rpctypes"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/types"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/mvcc"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zaptest"
+)
+
+func TestInitialCheck(t *testing.T) {
+	tcs := []struct {
+		name          string
+		hasher        fakeHasher
+		expectError   bool
+		expectCorrupt bool
+		expectActions []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "No peers",
+			hasher: fakeHasher{
+				hashByRevResponses: []hashByRev{{revision: 10}},
+			},
+			expectActions: []string{"MemberId()", "ReqTimeout()", "HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(10)", "MemberId()"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Error getting hash",
+			hasher:        fakeHasher{hashByRevResponses: []hashByRev{{err: fmt.Errorf("error getting hash")}}},
+			expectActions: []string{"MemberId()", "ReqTimeout()", "HashByRev(0)", "MemberId()"},
+			expectError:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Peer with empty response",
+			hasher:        fakeHasher{peerHashes: []*peerHashKVResp{{}}},
+			expectActions: []string{"MemberId()", "ReqTimeout()", "HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(0)", "MemberId()"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Peer returned ErrFutureRev",
+			hasher:        fakeHasher{peerHashes: []*peerHashKVResp{{err: rpctypes.ErrFutureRev}}},
+			expectActions: []string{"MemberId()", "ReqTimeout()", "HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(0)", "MemberId()", "MemberId()"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Peer returned ErrCompacted",
+			hasher:        fakeHasher{peerHashes: []*peerHashKVResp{{err: rpctypes.ErrCompacted}}},
+			expectActions: []string{"MemberId()", "ReqTimeout()", "HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(0)", "MemberId()", "MemberId()"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Peer returned other error",
+			hasher:        fakeHasher{peerHashes: []*peerHashKVResp{{err: rpctypes.ErrCorrupt}}},
+			expectActions: []string{"MemberId()", "ReqTimeout()", "HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(0)", "MemberId()"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Peer returned same hash",
+			hasher:        fakeHasher{hashByRevResponses: []hashByRev{{hash: mvcc.KeyValueHash{Hash: 1}}}, peerHashes: []*peerHashKVResp{{resp: &pb.HashKVResponse{Header: &pb.ResponseHeader{}, Hash: 1}}}},
+			expectActions: []string{"MemberId()", "ReqTimeout()", "HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(0)", "MemberId()", "MemberId()"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Peer returned different hash with same compaction rev",
+			hasher:        fakeHasher{hashByRevResponses: []hashByRev{{hash: mvcc.KeyValueHash{Hash: 1, CompactRevision: 1}}}, peerHashes: []*peerHashKVResp{{resp: &pb.HashKVResponse{Header: &pb.ResponseHeader{}, Hash: 2, CompactRevision: 1}}}},
+			expectActions: []string{"MemberId()", "ReqTimeout()", "HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(0)", "MemberId()", "MemberId()"},
+			expectError:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Peer returned different hash and compaction rev",
+			hasher:        fakeHasher{hashByRevResponses: []hashByRev{{hash: mvcc.KeyValueHash{Hash: 1, CompactRevision: 1}}}, peerHashes: []*peerHashKVResp{{resp: &pb.HashKVResponse{Header: &pb.ResponseHeader{}, Hash: 2, CompactRevision: 2}}}},
+			expectActions: []string{"MemberId()", "ReqTimeout()", "HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(0)", "MemberId()", "MemberId()"},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tcs {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			monitor := corruptionChecker{
+				lg:     zaptest.NewLogger(t),
+				hasher: &tc.hasher,
+			}
+			err := monitor.InitialCheck()
+			if gotError := err != nil; gotError != tc.expectError {
+				t.Errorf("Unexpected error, got: %v, expected?: %v", err, tc.expectError)
+			}
+			if tc.hasher.alarmTriggered != tc.expectCorrupt {
+				t.Errorf("Unexpected corrupt triggered, got: %v, expected?: %v", tc.hasher.alarmTriggered, tc.expectCorrupt)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expectActions, tc.hasher.actions)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPeriodicCheck(t *testing.T) {
+	tcs := []struct {
+		name          string
+		hasher        fakeHasher
+		expectError   bool
+		expectCorrupt bool
+		expectActions []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "Same local hash and no peers",
+			hasher:        fakeHasher{hashByRevResponses: []hashByRev{{revision: 10}, {revision: 10}}},
+			expectActions: []string{"HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(10)", "ReqTimeout()", "LinearizableReadNotify()", "HashByRev(0)"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Error getting hash first time",
+			hasher:        fakeHasher{hashByRevResponses: []hashByRev{{err: fmt.Errorf("error getting hash")}}},
+			expectActions: []string{"HashByRev(0)"},
+			expectError:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Error getting hash second time",
+			hasher:        fakeHasher{hashByRevResponses: []hashByRev{{revision: 11}, {err: fmt.Errorf("error getting hash")}}},
+			expectActions: []string{"HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(11)", "ReqTimeout()", "LinearizableReadNotify()", "HashByRev(0)"},
+			expectError:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Error linearizableReadNotify",
+			hasher:        fakeHasher{linearizableReadNotify: fmt.Errorf("error getting linearizableReadNotify")},
+			expectActions: []string{"HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(0)", "ReqTimeout()", "LinearizableReadNotify()"},
+			expectError:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Different local hash and revision",
+			hasher:        fakeHasher{hashByRevResponses: []hashByRev{{hash: mvcc.KeyValueHash{Hash: 1}, revision: 1}, {hash: mvcc.KeyValueHash{Hash: 2}, revision: 2}}},
+			expectActions: []string{"HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(1)", "ReqTimeout()", "LinearizableReadNotify()", "HashByRev(0)"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Different local hash and compaction revision",
+			hasher:        fakeHasher{hashByRevResponses: []hashByRev{{hash: mvcc.KeyValueHash{Hash: 1, CompactRevision: 1}}, {hash: mvcc.KeyValueHash{Hash: 2, CompactRevision: 2}}}},
+			expectActions: []string{"HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(0)", "ReqTimeout()", "LinearizableReadNotify()", "HashByRev(0)"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Different local hash and same revisions",
+			hasher:        fakeHasher{hashByRevResponses: []hashByRev{{hash: mvcc.KeyValueHash{Hash: 1, CompactRevision: 1}, revision: 1}, {hash: mvcc.KeyValueHash{Hash: 2, CompactRevision: 1}, revision: 1}}},
+			expectActions: []string{"HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(1)", "ReqTimeout()", "LinearizableReadNotify()", "HashByRev(0)", "MemberId()", "TriggerCorruptAlarm(1)"},
+			expectCorrupt: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Peer with nil response",
+			hasher: fakeHasher{
+				peerHashes: []*peerHashKVResp{{}},
+			},
+			expectActions: []string{"HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(0)", "ReqTimeout()", "LinearizableReadNotify()", "HashByRev(0)"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Peer with newer revision",
+			hasher: fakeHasher{
+				peerHashes: []*peerHashKVResp{{peerInfo: peerInfo{id: 42}, resp: &pb.HashKVResponse{Header: &pb.ResponseHeader{Revision: 1}}}},
+			},
+			expectActions: []string{"HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(0)", "ReqTimeout()", "LinearizableReadNotify()", "HashByRev(0)", "TriggerCorruptAlarm(42)"},
+			expectCorrupt: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Peer with newer compact revision",
+			hasher: fakeHasher{
+				peerHashes: []*peerHashKVResp{{peerInfo: peerInfo{id: 88}, resp: &pb.HashKVResponse{Header: &pb.ResponseHeader{Revision: 10}, CompactRevision: 2}}},
+			},
+			expectActions: []string{"HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(0)", "ReqTimeout()", "LinearizableReadNotify()", "HashByRev(0)", "TriggerCorruptAlarm(88)"},
+			expectCorrupt: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Peer with same hash and compact revision",
+			hasher: fakeHasher{
+				hashByRevResponses: []hashByRev{{hash: mvcc.KeyValueHash{Hash: 1, CompactRevision: 1}, revision: 1}, {hash: mvcc.KeyValueHash{Hash: 2, CompactRevision: 2}, revision: 2}},
+				peerHashes:         []*peerHashKVResp{{resp: &pb.HashKVResponse{Header: &pb.ResponseHeader{Revision: 1}, CompactRevision: 1, Hash: 1}}},
+			},
+			expectActions: []string{"HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(1)", "ReqTimeout()", "LinearizableReadNotify()", "HashByRev(0)"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Peer with different hash and same compact revision as first local",
+			hasher: fakeHasher{
+				hashByRevResponses: []hashByRev{{hash: mvcc.KeyValueHash{Hash: 1, CompactRevision: 1}, revision: 1}, {hash: mvcc.KeyValueHash{Hash: 2, CompactRevision: 2}, revision: 2}},
+				peerHashes:         []*peerHashKVResp{{peerInfo: peerInfo{id: 666}, resp: &pb.HashKVResponse{Header: &pb.ResponseHeader{Revision: 1}, CompactRevision: 1, Hash: 2}}},
+			},
+			expectActions: []string{"HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(1)", "ReqTimeout()", "LinearizableReadNotify()", "HashByRev(0)", "TriggerCorruptAlarm(666)"},
+			expectCorrupt: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Multiple corrupted peers trigger one alarm",
+			hasher: fakeHasher{
+				peerHashes: []*peerHashKVResp{
+					{peerInfo: peerInfo{id: 88}, resp: &pb.HashKVResponse{Header: &pb.ResponseHeader{Revision: 10}, CompactRevision: 2}},
+					{peerInfo: peerInfo{id: 89}, resp: &pb.HashKVResponse{Header: &pb.ResponseHeader{Revision: 10}, CompactRevision: 2}},
+				},
+			},
+			expectActions: []string{"HashByRev(0)", "PeerHashByRev(0)", "ReqTimeout()", "LinearizableReadNotify()", "HashByRev(0)", "TriggerCorruptAlarm(88)"},
+			expectCorrupt: true,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tcs {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			monitor := corruptionChecker{
+				lg:     zaptest.NewLogger(t),
+				hasher: &tc.hasher,
+			}
+			err := monitor.PeriodicCheck()
+			if gotError := err != nil; gotError != tc.expectError {
+				t.Errorf("Unexpected error, got: %v, expected?: %v", err, tc.expectError)
+			}
+			if tc.hasher.alarmTriggered != tc.expectCorrupt {
+				t.Errorf("Unexpected corrupt triggered, got: %v, expected?: %v", tc.hasher.alarmTriggered, tc.expectCorrupt)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expectActions, tc.hasher.actions)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompactHashCheck(t *testing.T) {
+	tcs := []struct {
+		name                string
+		hasher              fakeHasher
+		lastRevisionChecked int64
+
+		expectError               bool
+		expectCorrupt             bool
+		expectActions             []string
+		expectLastRevisionChecked int64
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "No hashes",
+			expectActions: []string{"MemberId()", "ReqTimeout()", "Hashes()"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "No peers, check new checked from largest to smallest",
+			hasher: fakeHasher{
+				hashes: []mvcc.KeyValueHash{{Revision: 1}, {Revision: 2}, {Revision: 3}, {Revision: 4}},
+			},
+			lastRevisionChecked:       2,
+			expectActions:             []string{"MemberId()", "ReqTimeout()", "Hashes()", "PeerHashByRev(4)", "PeerHashByRev(3)"},
+			expectLastRevisionChecked: 2,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Peer error",
+			hasher: fakeHasher{
+				hashes:     []mvcc.KeyValueHash{{Revision: 1}, {Revision: 2}},
+				peerHashes: []*peerHashKVResp{{err: fmt.Errorf("failed getting hash")}},
+			},
+			expectActions: []string{"MemberId()", "ReqTimeout()", "Hashes()", "PeerHashByRev(2)", "PeerHashByRev(1)"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Peer returned different compaction revision is skipped",
+			hasher: fakeHasher{
+				hashes:     []mvcc.KeyValueHash{{Revision: 1, CompactRevision: 1}, {Revision: 2, CompactRevision: 2}},
+				peerHashes: []*peerHashKVResp{{resp: &pb.HashKVResponse{CompactRevision: 3}}},
+			},
+			expectActions: []string{"MemberId()", "ReqTimeout()", "Hashes()", "PeerHashByRev(2)", "PeerHashByRev(1)"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Peer returned same compaction revision but different hash triggers alarm",
+			hasher: fakeHasher{
+				hashes:     []mvcc.KeyValueHash{{Revision: 1, CompactRevision: 1, Hash: 1}, {Revision: 2, CompactRevision: 1, Hash: 2}},
+				peerHashes: []*peerHashKVResp{{peerInfo: peerInfo{id: 42}, resp: &pb.HashKVResponse{CompactRevision: 1, Hash: 3}}},
+			},
+			expectActions: []string{"MemberId()", "ReqTimeout()", "Hashes()", "PeerHashByRev(2)", "TriggerCorruptAlarm(42)"},
+			expectCorrupt: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Peer returned same hash bumps last revision checked",
+			hasher: fakeHasher{
+				hashes:     []mvcc.KeyValueHash{{Revision: 1, CompactRevision: 1, Hash: 1}, {Revision: 2, CompactRevision: 1, Hash: 1}},
+				peerHashes: []*peerHashKVResp{{resp: &pb.HashKVResponse{Header: &pb.ResponseHeader{MemberId: 42}, CompactRevision: 1, Hash: 1}}},
+			},
+			expectActions:             []string{"MemberId()", "ReqTimeout()", "Hashes()", "PeerHashByRev(2)"},
+			expectLastRevisionChecked: 2,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Only one peer succeeded check",
+			hasher: fakeHasher{
+				hashes: []mvcc.KeyValueHash{{Revision: 1, CompactRevision: 1, Hash: 1}},
+				peerHashes: []*peerHashKVResp{
+					{resp: &pb.HashKVResponse{Header: &pb.ResponseHeader{MemberId: 42}, CompactRevision: 1, Hash: 1}},
+					{err: fmt.Errorf("failed getting hash")},
+				},
+			},
+			expectActions: []string{"MemberId()", "ReqTimeout()", "Hashes()", "PeerHashByRev(1)"},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tcs {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			monitor := corruptionChecker{
+				latestRevisionChecked: tc.lastRevisionChecked,
+				lg:                    zaptest.NewLogger(t),
+				hasher:                &tc.hasher,
+			}
+			monitor.CompactHashCheck()
+			if tc.hasher.alarmTriggered != tc.expectCorrupt {
+				t.Errorf("Unexpected corrupt triggered, got: %v, expected?: %v", tc.hasher.alarmTriggered, tc.expectCorrupt)
+			}
+			if tc.expectLastRevisionChecked != monitor.latestRevisionChecked {
+				t.Errorf("Unexpected last revision checked, got: %v, expected?: %v", monitor.latestRevisionChecked, tc.expectLastRevisionChecked)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expectActions, tc.hasher.actions)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+type fakeHasher struct {
+	peerHashes             []*peerHashKVResp
+	hashByRevIndex         int
+	hashByRevResponses     []hashByRev
+	linearizableReadNotify error
+	hashes                 []mvcc.KeyValueHash
+
+	alarmTriggered bool
+	actions        []string
+}
+
+type hashByRev struct {
+	hash     mvcc.KeyValueHash
+	revision int64
+	err      error
+}
+
+func (f *fakeHasher) Hash() (hash uint32, revision int64, err error) {
+	panic("not implemented")
+}
+
+func (f *fakeHasher) HashByRev(rev int64) (hash mvcc.KeyValueHash, revision int64, err error) {
+	f.actions = append(f.actions, fmt.Sprintf("HashByRev(%d)", rev))
+	if len(f.hashByRevResponses) == 0 {
+		return mvcc.KeyValueHash{}, 0, nil
+	}
+	hashByRev := f.hashByRevResponses[f.hashByRevIndex]
+	f.hashByRevIndex++
+	return hashByRev.hash, hashByRev.revision, hashByRev.err
+}
+
+func (f *fakeHasher) Store(hash mvcc.KeyValueHash) {
+	f.actions = append(f.actions, fmt.Sprintf("Store(%v)", hash))
+	f.hashes = append(f.hashes, hash)
+}
+
+func (f *fakeHasher) Hashes() []mvcc.KeyValueHash {
+	f.actions = append(f.actions, "Hashes()")
+	return f.hashes
+}
+
+func (f *fakeHasher) ReqTimeout() time.Duration {
+	f.actions = append(f.actions, "ReqTimeout()")
+	return time.Second
+}
+
+func (f *fakeHasher) MemberId() types.ID {
+	f.actions = append(f.actions, "MemberId()")
+	return 1
+}
+
+func (f *fakeHasher) PeerHashByRev(rev int64) []*peerHashKVResp {
+	f.actions = append(f.actions, fmt.Sprintf("PeerHashByRev(%d)", rev))
+	return f.peerHashes
+}
+
+func (f *fakeHasher) LinearizableReadNotify(ctx context.Context) error {
+	f.actions = append(f.actions, "LinearizableReadNotify()")
+	return f.linearizableReadNotify
+}
+
+func (f *fakeHasher) TriggerCorruptAlarm(memberId types.ID) {
+	f.actions = append(f.actions, fmt.Sprintf("TriggerCorruptAlarm(%d)", memberId))
+	f.alarmTriggered = true
+}
--- a/server/etcdserver/errors.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/errors.go
@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ var (
 	ErrTimeoutDueToLeaderFail        = errors.New("etcdserver: request timed out, possibly due to previous leader failure")
 	ErrTimeoutDueToConnectionLost    = errors.New("etcdserver: request timed out, possibly due to connection lost")
 	ErrTimeoutLeaderTransfer         = errors.New("etcdserver: request timed out, leader transfer took too long")
+	ErrTimeoutWaitAppliedIndex       = errors.New("etcdserver: request timed out, waiting for the applied index took too long")
 	ErrLeaderChanged                 = errors.New("etcdserver: leader changed")
 	ErrNotEnoughStartedMembers       = errors.New("etcdserver: re-configuration failed due to not enough started members")
 	ErrLearnerNotReady               = errors.New("etcdserver: can only promote a learner member which is in sync with leader")
--- a/server/etcdserver/raft.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/raft.go
@ -217,6 +217,14 @@ func (r *raftNode) start(rh *raftReadyHandler) {

 				updateCommittedIndex(&ap, rh)

+				waitWALSync := shouldWaitWALSync(rd)
+				if waitWALSync {
+					// gofail: var raftBeforeSaveWaitWalSync struct{}
+					if err := r.storage.Save(rd.HardState, rd.Entries); err != nil {
+						r.lg.Fatal("failed to save Raft hard state and entries", zap.Error(err))
+					}
+				}
+
 				select {
 				case r.applyc <- ap:
 				case <-r.stopped:
@ -241,9 +249,11 @@ func (r *raftNode) start(rh *raftReadyHandler) {
 					// gofail: var raftAfterSaveSnap struct{}
 				}

-				// gofail: var raftBeforeSave struct{}
-				if err := r.storage.Save(rd.HardState, rd.Entries); err != nil {
-					r.lg.Fatal("failed to save Raft hard state and entries", zap.Error(err))
+				if !waitWALSync {
+					// gofail: var raftBeforeSave struct{}
+					if err := r.storage.Save(rd.HardState, rd.Entries); err != nil {
+						r.lg.Fatal("failed to save Raft hard state and entries", zap.Error(err))
+					}
 				}
 				if !raft.IsEmptyHardState(rd.HardState) {
 					proposalsCommitted.Set(float64(rd.HardState.Commit))
@ -322,6 +332,42 @@ func (r *raftNode) start(rh *raftReadyHandler) {
 	}()
 }

+// For a cluster with only one member, the raft may send both the
+// unstable entries and committed entries to etcdserver, and there
+// may have overlapped log entries between them.
+//
+// etcd responds to the client once it finishes (actually partially)
+// the applying workflow. But when the client receives the response,
+// it doesn't mean etcd has already successfully saved the data,
+// including BoltDB and WAL, because:
+//    1. etcd commits the boltDB transaction periodically instead of on each request;
+//    2. etcd saves WAL entries in parallel with applying the committed entries.
+// Accordingly, it might run into a situation of data loss when the etcd crashes
+// immediately after responding to the client and before the boltDB and WAL
+// successfully save the data to disk.
+// Note that this issue can only happen for clusters with only one member.
+//
+// For clusters with multiple members, it isn't an issue, because etcd will
+// not commit & apply the data before it being replicated to majority members.
+// When the client receives the response, it means the data must have been applied.
+// It further means the data must have been committed.
+// Note: for clusters with multiple members, the raft will never send identical
+// unstable entries and committed entries to etcdserver.
+//
+// Refer to https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/issues/14370.
+func shouldWaitWALSync(rd raft.Ready) bool {
+	if len(rd.CommittedEntries) == 0 || len(rd.Entries) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Check if there is overlap between unstable and committed entries
+	// assuming that their index and term are only incrementing.
+	lastCommittedEntry := rd.CommittedEntries[len(rd.CommittedEntries)-1]
+	firstUnstableEntry := rd.Entries[0]
+	return lastCommittedEntry.Term > firstUnstableEntry.Term ||
+		(lastCommittedEntry.Term == firstUnstableEntry.Term && lastCommittedEntry.Index >= firstUnstableEntry.Index)
+}
+
 func updateCommittedIndex(ap *apply, rh *raftReadyHandler) {
 	var ci uint64
 	if len(ap.entries) != 0 {
--- a/server/etcdserver/raft_test.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/raft_test.go
@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/types"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/pbutil"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/raft/v3"
@ -282,3 +283,79 @@ func TestExpvarWithNoRaftStatus(t *testing.T) {
 		_ = kv.Value.String()
 	})
 }
+
+func TestShouldWaitWALSync(t *testing.T) {
+	testcases := []struct {
+		name            string
+		unstableEntries []raftpb.Entry
+		commitedEntries []raftpb.Entry
+		expectedResult  bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:            "both entries are nil",
+			unstableEntries: nil,
+			commitedEntries: nil,
+			expectedResult:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "both entries are empty slices",
+			unstableEntries: []raftpb.Entry{},
+			commitedEntries: []raftpb.Entry{},
+			expectedResult:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "one nil and the other empty",
+			unstableEntries: nil,
+			commitedEntries: []raftpb.Entry{},
+			expectedResult:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "one nil and the other has data",
+			unstableEntries: nil,
+			commitedEntries: []raftpb.Entry{{Term: 4, Index: 10, Type: raftpb.EntryNormal, Data: []byte{0x11, 0x22, 0x33}}},
+			expectedResult:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "one empty and the other has data",
+			unstableEntries: []raftpb.Entry{},
+			commitedEntries: []raftpb.Entry{{Term: 4, Index: 10, Type: raftpb.EntryNormal, Data: []byte{0x11, 0x22, 0x33}}},
+			expectedResult:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "has different term and index",
+			unstableEntries: []raftpb.Entry{{Term: 5, Index: 11, Type: raftpb.EntryNormal, Data: []byte{0x11, 0x22, 0x33}}},
+			commitedEntries: []raftpb.Entry{{Term: 4, Index: 10, Type: raftpb.EntryNormal, Data: []byte{0x11, 0x22, 0x33}}},
+			expectedResult:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "has identical data",
+			unstableEntries: []raftpb.Entry{{Term: 4, Index: 10, Type: raftpb.EntryNormal, Data: []byte{0x11, 0x22, 0x33}}},
+			commitedEntries: []raftpb.Entry{{Term: 4, Index: 10, Type: raftpb.EntryNormal, Data: []byte{0x11, 0x22, 0x33}}},
+			expectedResult:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "has overlapped entry",
+			unstableEntries: []raftpb.Entry{
+				{Term: 4, Index: 10, Type: raftpb.EntryNormal, Data: []byte{0x11, 0x22, 0x33}},
+				{Term: 4, Index: 11, Type: raftpb.EntryNormal, Data: []byte{0x44, 0x55, 0x66}},
+				{Term: 4, Index: 12, Type: raftpb.EntryNormal, Data: []byte{0x77, 0x88, 0x99}},
+			},
+			commitedEntries: []raftpb.Entry{
+				{Term: 4, Index: 8, Type: raftpb.EntryNormal, Data: []byte{0x07, 0x08, 0x09}},
+				{Term: 4, Index: 9, Type: raftpb.EntryNormal, Data: []byte{0x10, 0x11, 0x12}},
+				{Term: 4, Index: 10, Type: raftpb.EntryNormal, Data: []byte{0x11, 0x22, 0x33}},
+			},
+			expectedResult: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testcases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			shouldWALSync := shouldWaitWALSync(raft.Ready{
+				Entries:          tc.unstableEntries,
+				CommittedEntries: tc.commitedEntries,
+			})
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expectedResult, shouldWALSync)
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/server/etcdserver/server.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/server.go
@ -293,6 +293,7 @@ type EtcdServer struct {
 	firstCommitInTermC  chan struct{}

 	*AccessController
+	corruptionChecker CorruptionChecker
 }

 type backendHooks struct {
@ -629,6 +630,7 @@ func NewServer(cfg config.ServerConfig) (srv *EtcdServer, err error) {
 			)
 		}
 	}
+	srv.corruptionChecker = newCorruptionChecker(cfg.Logger, srv, srv.kv.HashStorage())

 	srv.authStore = auth.NewAuthStore(srv.Logger(), srv.be, tp, int(cfg.BcryptCost))

@ -661,6 +663,10 @@ func NewServer(cfg config.ServerConfig) (srv *EtcdServer, err error) {
 		})
 	}

+	// Set the hook after EtcdServer finishes the initialization to avoid
+	// the hook being called during the initialization process.
+	srv.be.SetTxPostLockInsideApplyHook(srv.getTxPostLockInsideApplyHook())
+
 	// TODO: move transport initialization near the definition of remote
 	tr := &rafthttp.Transport{
 		Logger:      cfg.Logger,
@ -799,6 +805,7 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) Start() {
 	s.GoAttach(s.monitorVersions)
 	s.GoAttach(s.linearizableReadLoop)
 	s.GoAttach(s.monitorKVHash)
+	s.GoAttach(s.monitorCompactHash)
 	s.GoAttach(s.monitorDowngrade)
 }

@ -1115,33 +1122,7 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) run() {
 			f := func(context.Context) { s.applyAll(&ep, &ap) }
 			sched.Schedule(f)
 		case leases := <-expiredLeaseC:
-			s.GoAttach(func() {
-				// Increases throughput of expired leases deletion process through parallelization
-				c := make(chan struct{}, maxPendingRevokes)
-				for _, lease := range leases {
-					select {
-					case c <- struct{}{}:
-					case <-s.stopping:
-						return
-					}
-					lid := lease.ID
-					s.GoAttach(func() {
-						ctx := s.authStore.WithRoot(s.ctx)
-						_, lerr := s.LeaseRevoke(ctx, &pb.LeaseRevokeRequest{ID: int64(lid)})
-						if lerr == nil {
-							leaseExpired.Inc()
-						} else {
-							lg.Warn(
-								"failed to revoke lease",
-								zap.String("lease-id", fmt.Sprintf("%016x", lid)),
-								zap.Error(lerr),
-							)
-						}
-
-						<-c
-					})
-				}
-			})
+			s.revokeExpiredLeases(leases)
 		case err := <-s.errorc:
 			lg.Warn("server error", zap.Error(err))
 			lg.Warn("data-dir used by this member must be removed")
@ -1156,6 +1137,41 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) run() {
 	}
 }

+func (s *EtcdServer) revokeExpiredLeases(leases []*lease.Lease) {
+	s.GoAttach(func() {
+		lg := s.Logger()
+		// Increases throughput of expired leases deletion process through parallelization
+		c := make(chan struct{}, maxPendingRevokes)
+		for _, curLease := range leases {
+			select {
+			case c <- struct{}{}:
+			case <-s.stopping:
+				return
+			}
+
+			f := func(lid int64) {
+				s.GoAttach(func() {
+					ctx := s.authStore.WithRoot(s.ctx)
+					_, lerr := s.LeaseRevoke(ctx, &pb.LeaseRevokeRequest{ID: lid})
+					if lerr == nil {
+						leaseExpired.Inc()
+					} else {
+						lg.Warn(
+							"failed to revoke lease",
+							zap.String("lease-id", fmt.Sprintf("%016x", lid)),
+							zap.Error(lerr),
+						)
+					}
+
+					<-c
+				})
+			}
+
+			f(int64(curLease.ID))
+		}
+	})
+}
+
 // Cleanup removes allocated objects by EtcdServer.NewServer in
 // situation that EtcdServer::Start was not called (that takes care of cleanup).
 func (s *EtcdServer) Cleanup() {
@ -1243,6 +1259,13 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) applySnapshot(ep *etcdProgress, apply *apply) {
 		lg.Panic("failed to open snapshot backend", zap.Error(err))
 	}

+	// We need to set the backend to consistIndex before recovering the lessor,
+	// because lessor.Recover will commit the boltDB transaction, accordingly it
+	// will get the old consistent_index persisted into the db in OnPreCommitUnsafe.
+	// Eventually the new consistent_index value coming from snapshot is overwritten
+	// by the old value.
+	s.consistIndex.SetBackend(newbe)
+
 	// always recover lessor before kv. When we recover the mvcc.KV it will reattach keys to its leases.
 	// If we recover mvcc.KV first, it will attach the keys to the wrong lessor before it recovers.
 	if s.lessor != nil {
@ -1259,7 +1282,7 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) applySnapshot(ep *etcdProgress, apply *apply) {
 		lg.Panic("failed to restore mvcc store", zap.Error(err))
 	}

-	s.consistIndex.SetBackend(newbe)
+	newbe.SetTxPostLockInsideApplyHook(s.getTxPostLockInsideApplyHook())
 	lg.Info("restored mvcc store", zap.Uint64("consistent-index", s.consistIndex.ConsistentIndex()))

 	// Closing old backend might block until all the txns
@ -2128,7 +2151,7 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) apply(

 			// set the consistent index of current executing entry
 			if e.Index > s.consistIndex.ConsistentIndex() {
-				s.consistIndex.SetConsistentIndex(e.Index, e.Term)
+				s.consistIndex.SetConsistentApplyingIndex(e.Index, e.Term)
 				shouldApplyV3 = membership.ApplyBoth
 			}

@ -2155,11 +2178,20 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) apply(
 // applyEntryNormal apples an EntryNormal type raftpb request to the EtcdServer
 func (s *EtcdServer) applyEntryNormal(e *raftpb.Entry) {
 	shouldApplyV3 := membership.ApplyV2storeOnly
+	var ar *applyResult
 	index := s.consistIndex.ConsistentIndex()
 	if e.Index > index {
 		// set the consistent index of current executing entry
-		s.consistIndex.SetConsistentIndex(e.Index, e.Term)
+		s.consistIndex.SetConsistentApplyingIndex(e.Index, e.Term)
 		shouldApplyV3 = membership.ApplyBoth
+		defer func() {
+			// The txPostLockInsideApplyHook will not get called in some cases,
+			// in which we should move the consistent index forward directly.
+			newIndex := s.consistIndex.ConsistentIndex()
+			if newIndex < e.Index {
+				s.consistIndex.SetConsistentIndex(e.Index, e.Term)
+			}
+		}()
 	}
 	s.lg.Debug("apply entry normal",
 		zap.Uint64("consistent-index", index),
@ -2201,7 +2233,6 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) applyEntryNormal(e *raftpb.Entry) {
 		id = raftReq.Header.ID
 	}

-	var ar *applyResult
 	needResult := s.w.IsRegistered(id)
 	if needResult || !noSideEffect(&raftReq) {
 		if !needResult && raftReq.Txn != nil {
@ -2258,6 +2289,13 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) applyConfChange(cc raftpb.ConfChange, confState *raftpb.Con
 	if err := s.cluster.ValidateConfigurationChange(cc); err != nil {
 		cc.NodeID = raft.None
 		s.r.ApplyConfChange(cc)
+
+		// The txPostLock callback will not get called in this case,
+		// so we should set the consistent index directly.
+		if s.consistIndex != nil && membership.ApplyBoth == shouldApplyV3 {
+			applyingIndex, applyingTerm := s.consistIndex.ConsistentApplyingIndex()
+			s.consistIndex.SetConsistentIndex(applyingIndex, applyingTerm)
+		}
 		return false, err
 	}

@ -2473,6 +2511,51 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) monitorVersions() {
 	}
 }

+func (s *EtcdServer) monitorKVHash() {
+	t := s.Cfg.CorruptCheckTime
+	if t == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	lg := s.Logger()
+	lg.Info(
+		"enabled corruption checking",
+		zap.String("local-member-id", s.ID().String()),
+		zap.Duration("interval", t),
+	)
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-s.stopping:
+			return
+		case <-time.After(t):
+		}
+		if !s.isLeader() {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := s.corruptionChecker.PeriodicCheck(); err != nil {
+			lg.Warn("failed to check hash KV", zap.Error(err))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *EtcdServer) monitorCompactHash() {
+	if !s.Cfg.CompactHashCheckEnabled {
+		return
+	}
+	t := s.Cfg.CompactHashCheckTime
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-time.After(t):
+		case <-s.stopping:
+			return
+		}
+		if !s.isLeader() {
+			continue
+		}
+		s.corruptionChecker.CompactHashCheck()
+	}
+}
+
 func (s *EtcdServer) updateClusterVersionV2(ver string) {
 	lg := s.Logger()

@ -2683,6 +2766,15 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) raftStatus() raft.Status {
 	return s.r.Node.Status()
 }

+func (s *EtcdServer) getTxPostLockInsideApplyHook() func() {
+	return func() {
+		applyingIdx, applyingTerm := s.consistIndex.ConsistentApplyingIndex()
+		if applyingIdx > s.consistIndex.UnsafeConsistentIndex() {
+			s.consistIndex.SetConsistentIndex(applyingIdx, applyingTerm)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func maybeDefragBackend(cfg config.ServerConfig, be backend.Backend) error {
 	size := be.Size()
 	sizeInUse := be.SizeInUse()
@ -2701,3 +2793,7 @@ func maybeDefragBackend(cfg config.ServerConfig, be backend.Backend) error {
 	}
 	return be.Defrag()
 }
+
+func (s *EtcdServer) CorruptionChecker() CorruptionChecker {
+	return s.corruptionChecker
+}
--- a/server/etcdserver/server_test.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/server_test.go
@ -686,9 +686,7 @@ func TestApplyConfigChangeUpdatesConsistIndex(t *testing.T) {

 	_, appliedi, _ := srv.apply(ents, &raftpb.ConfState{})
 	consistIndex := srv.consistIndex.ConsistentIndex()
-	if consistIndex != appliedi {
-		t.Fatalf("consistIndex = %v, want %v", consistIndex, appliedi)
-	}
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(2), appliedi)

 	t.Run("verify-backend", func(t *testing.T) {
 		tx := be.BatchTx()
@ -697,9 +695,8 @@ func TestApplyConfigChangeUpdatesConsistIndex(t *testing.T) {
 		srv.beHooks.OnPreCommitUnsafe(tx)
 		assert.Equal(t, raftpb.ConfState{Voters: []uint64{2}}, *membership.UnsafeConfStateFromBackend(lg, tx))
 	})
-	rindex, rterm := cindex.ReadConsistentIndex(be.BatchTx())
+	rindex, _ := cindex.ReadConsistentIndex(be.ReadTx())
 	assert.Equal(t, consistIndex, rindex)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint64(4), rterm)
 }

 func realisticRaftNode(lg *zap.Logger) *raftNode {
@ -2039,3 +2036,59 @@ func (s *sendMsgAppRespTransporter) Send(m []raftpb.Message) {
 	}
 	s.sendC <- send
 }
+
+func TestWaitAppliedIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name           string
+		appliedIndex   uint64
+		committedIndex uint64
+		action         func(s *EtcdServer)
+		ExpectedError  error
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "The applied Id is already equal to the commitId",
+			appliedIndex:   10,
+			committedIndex: 10,
+			action: func(s *EtcdServer) {
+				s.applyWait.Trigger(10)
+			},
+			ExpectedError: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "The etcd server has already stopped",
+			appliedIndex:   10,
+			committedIndex: 12,
+			action: func(s *EtcdServer) {
+				s.stopping <- struct{}{}
+			},
+			ExpectedError: ErrStopped,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Timed out waiting for the applied index",
+			appliedIndex:   10,
+			committedIndex: 12,
+			action:         nil,
+			ExpectedError:  ErrTimeoutWaitAppliedIndex,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			s := &EtcdServer{
+				appliedIndex:   tc.appliedIndex,
+				committedIndex: tc.committedIndex,
+				stopping:       make(chan struct{}, 1),
+				applyWait:      wait.NewTimeList(),
+			}
+
+			if tc.action != nil {
+				go tc.action(s)
+			}
+
+			err := s.waitAppliedIndex()
+
+			if err != tc.ExpectedError {
+				t.Errorf("Unexpected error, want (%v), got (%v)", tc.ExpectedError, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/server/etcdserver/v3_server.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/v3_server.go
@ -45,6 +45,10 @@ const (
 	maxGapBetweenApplyAndCommitIndex = 5000
 	traceThreshold                   = 100 * time.Millisecond
 	readIndexRetryTime               = 500 * time.Millisecond
+
+	// The timeout for the node to catch up its applied index, and is used in
+	// lease related operations, such as LeaseRenew and LeaseTimeToLive.
+	applyTimeout = time.Second
 )

 type RaftKV interface {
@ -271,6 +275,18 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) LeaseGrant(ctx context.Context, r *pb.LeaseGrantRequest) (*
 	return resp.(*pb.LeaseGrantResponse), nil
 }

+func (s *EtcdServer) waitAppliedIndex() error {
+	select {
+	case <-s.ApplyWait():
+	case <-s.stopping:
+		return ErrStopped
+	case <-time.After(applyTimeout):
+		return ErrTimeoutWaitAppliedIndex
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *EtcdServer) LeaseRevoke(ctx context.Context, r *pb.LeaseRevokeRequest) (*pb.LeaseRevokeResponse, error) {
 	resp, err := s.raftRequestOnce(ctx, pb.InternalRaftRequest{LeaseRevoke: r})
 	if err != nil {
@ -280,26 +296,32 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) LeaseRevoke(ctx context.Context, r *pb.LeaseRevokeRequest)
 }

 func (s *EtcdServer) LeaseRenew(ctx context.Context, id lease.LeaseID) (int64, error) {
-	ttl, err := s.lessor.Renew(id)
-	if err == nil { // already requested to primary lessor(leader)
-		return ttl, nil
-	}
-	if err != lease.ErrNotPrimary {
-		return -1, err
+	if s.isLeader() {
+		if err := s.waitAppliedIndex(); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+
+		ttl, err := s.lessor.Renew(id)
+		if err == nil { // already requested to primary lessor(leader)
+			return ttl, nil
+		}
+		if err != lease.ErrNotPrimary {
+			return -1, err
+		}
 	}

 	cctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, s.Cfg.ReqTimeout())
 	defer cancel()

 	// renewals don't go through raft; forward to leader manually
-	for cctx.Err() == nil && err != nil {
+	for cctx.Err() == nil {
 		leader, lerr := s.waitLeader(cctx)
 		if lerr != nil {
 			return -1, lerr
 		}
 		for _, url := range leader.PeerURLs {
 			lurl := url + leasehttp.LeasePrefix
-			ttl, err = leasehttp.RenewHTTP(cctx, id, lurl, s.peerRt)
+			ttl, err := leasehttp.RenewHTTP(cctx, id, lurl, s.peerRt)
 			if err == nil || err == lease.ErrLeaseNotFound {
 				return ttl, err
 			}
@ -315,7 +337,10 @@ func (s *EtcdServer) LeaseRenew(ctx context.Context, id lease.LeaseID) (int64, e
 }

 func (s *EtcdServer) LeaseTimeToLive(ctx context.Context, r *pb.LeaseTimeToLiveRequest) (*pb.LeaseTimeToLiveResponse, error) {
-	if s.Leader() == s.ID() {
+	if s.isLeader() {
+		if err := s.waitAppliedIndex(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		// primary; timetolive directly from leader
 		le := s.lessor.Lookup(lease.LeaseID(r.ID))
 		if le == nil {
--- a/server/go.mod
+++ b/server/go.mod
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway v1.16.0
 	github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.2.2
 	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.0
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.1
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.2.0
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/soheilhy/cmux v0.1.5
@ -25,23 +25,23 @@ require (
 	github.com/tmc/grpc-websocket-proxy v0.0.0-20201229170055-e5319fda7802
 	github.com/xiang90/probing v0.0.0-20190116061207-43a291ad63a2
 	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.6
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v2 v2.305.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/raft/v3 v3.5.2
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.20.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v0.20.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp v0.20.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v0.20.0
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v2 v2.305.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/raft/v3 v3.5.5
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.25.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.0.1
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.0.1
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.0.1
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.6.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.17.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20201002170205-7f63de1d35b0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210405180319-a5a99cb37ef4
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220411220226-7b82a4e95df4
+	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20211112202133-69e39bad7dc2
 	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20210220033141-f8bda1e9f3ba
 	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20210602131652-f16073e35f0c
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.38.0
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.41.0
 	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.0.0
 	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.2.0
 )
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More